Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Conjuncts

Conjuncts Three consonants are used in Punjabi as conjuncts. These are half haha - ਹ੍ as in ਨ੍ਹ = ਨ+ਹ੍; half rara - ਰ੍ as in ਪ੍ਰ = ਪ+ਰ੍; and half vava - ਵ੍ as in ਸ੍ਵ = ਸ+ਵ੍. They are used only as inferior conjugates in the conjugal pair of consonants. The principal use of such conjuncts is in the words borrowed from other languages like Sanskrit, English etc. Here are some examples of the use of conjugate haha ਜਿੰਨ੍ਹਾ /jinnaa/ = whom ਯਗ੍ਹਾ /jaggaa/ = place ਵਜ੍ਹਾ /vajjaa/ = reason In the above examples the conjugate haha is not spoken as normal haha but a low tone following the conjugate full consonant. Let us now see some illustrations of the use of conjugate rara. ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ /amrit/ = nectar ਪ੍ਰਿੰਟਰ /printar/ = printer ਪ੍ਰੋਫੈਸਰ /profesar/ = professor Here are some illustrations of conjugate vava ਸ੍ਵੈਮਾਨ /svemaan/ = self-respect ਸ੍ਵੈਜੀਵਨੀ /svejiivanii/ = auto-biography ਸ੍ਵੀਕਾਰ /sviikaar/ = accept Among these conjugate consonants half vava i.e. ਵ੍ is used only with ਸ (ਸ੍ਵ). In the above examples where ever a lag matra is added to a conjunct the matra actually combines with the conjugate diacritic which is invariantly spoken before the full consonant. Exercises Write three examples each of conjugate haha, rara and vava. solutions ਜਿੰਨ੍ਹਾ ਯਗ੍ਹਾ ਵਜ੍ਹਾ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਟਰ ਪ੍ਰੋਫੈਸਰ ਸ੍ਵੈਮਾਨ ਸ੍ਵੈਜੀਵਨੀ ਸ੍ਵੀਕਾਰ