Turkish/Future Tense

Future tense is the main way of expressing future in Turkish. Turkish future tense is the equivalent of be going to and will. Formation in written language Affirmative - Olumlu The suffixes -ecek or -acak (according to the vowel harmony) and the personal ending are added to the verb stem. The k in the suffixes become a ğ before the 1st personal endings: Verb stem (+ buffer letter y if the verb is ending in a vowel) + appropriate form of ecek no + personal ending ben purple gel comeeceğ b noim purple no I will come biz purple gel comeeceğ b noiz purple no we will come sen purple gel comeecek b nosin purple no you will come siz purple gel comeecek b nosiniz purple no you will come o purple gel comeecek b nopurple no he/she/it will come onlar purple gel comeecek b noler purple no they will come ben purple koş runacağ b noım purple no I will run biz purple koş runacağ b noız purple no we will run sen purple koş runacak b nosın purple no you will run siz purple koş runacak b nosınız purple no you will run o purple koş runacak b nopurple no he/she/it will run onlar purple koş runacak b nolar purple no they will run Negative - Olumsuz Negative verb stem (verb-me/ma-), auxiliary consonant y (it is used to establish a connection between two vowels), the suffixes -ecek or -acak (according to the vowel harmony) and the personal ending are added to the verb stem. The k in the suffixes become a ğ before the 1st personal endings: Verb stem + appropriate form of me no + buffer letter y + appropriate form of ecek no + personal ending gelmemek not to come ben purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noeceğ b noim purple no I will not come biz purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noeceğ b noiz purple no we will not come sen purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b nosin purple no you will not come siz purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b nosiniz purple no you will not come o purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b nopurple no he/she/it will not come onlar purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b noler purple no they will not come koşmamak not to run ben purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacağ b noım purple no I will not run biz purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacağ b noız purple no we will not run sen purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b nosın purple no you will not run siz purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b nosınız purple no you will not run o purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b nopurple no he/she/it will not run onlar purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b nolar purple no they will not run Interrogative - Soru This is a bit complicated. Look at the examples, notice that personal endings for 3rd person plural come before the interrogative particle mı/mi/mu/mü, while other personal endings come after mı/mi/mu/mü. Also "mi" changes according to the vowel harmony although it is written as a separate word. If 1st personal ending come after mı/mi, -y- consonant should be added to make a connection between two vowels. Verb stem (+ appropriate form of me no) + appropriate form of ecek no     question particle mi no + personal ending (personal ending comes before the interrogative particle in 3rd person plural) Affirmative ben purple gel comeecek b no mi no noyim purple no will I come biz purple gel comeecek b no mi no noyiz purple no will we come sen purple gel comeecek b no mi no nosin purple no will you come siz purple gel comeecek b no mi no nosiniz purple no will you come o purple gel comeecek b no mi no nopurple no will he/she/it come onlar purple gel comeecek b noler purple no mi no no will they come ben purple koş runacak b no mı no noyım purple no will I run biz purple koş runacak b no mı no noyız purple no will we run sen purple koş runacak b no mı no nosın purple no will you run siz purple koş runacak b no mı no nosınız purple no will you run o purple koş runacak b no mı no nopurple no will he/she/it run onlar purple koş runacak b nolar purple no mı no no will they run Negative gelmemek not to come ben purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b no mi no noyim purple no won't I come biz purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b no mi no noyiz purple no won't we come sen purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b no mi no nosin purple no won't you come siz purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b no mi no nosiniz purple no won't you come o purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b no mi no nopurple no won't he/she/it come onlar purple gel comeme #CD0000 noy noecek b noler purple no mi no no won't they come koşmamak not to run ben purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b no mı no noyım purple no won't I run biz purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b no mı no noyız purple no won't we run sen purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b no mı no nosın purple no won't you run siz purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b no mı no nosınız purple no won't you run o purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b no mı no nopurple no won't he/she/it run onlar purple koş runma #CD0000 noy noacak b nolar purple no mı no no won't they run Formation in colloquial language While it is perfectly legibile to pronounce the future tense as it is written, this ending is often pronounced very differently in spoken language and in texting. This form of the ending is considerably more complicated than the written form, so it is completely acceptable to skip this part for a new learner. Verbs ending in consonants When the verb ends with a consonant, the first a/e in -acak/ecek drops, and the c respects consonant harmony, becoming -cak/cek/çak/çek. dön turn/returncek b no It will turn kal staycak b no It will stay iç drinkçek b no It will drink aç opençak b no It will open Verbs ending in vowels When the verb ends in a vowel, if the vowel is a/e, undergoes vowel narrowing, and becomes ı/i/u/ü. Meanwhile the a/e in the ending drops, but the y is retained, becoming -ycak/ycek. yi eatycek b no It will eat uzu extendycak b no It will extend dön drinkmü darkred noycek b no It will drink Personal endings Similar to -yor, the ğ in the ending is often dropped, and the question particle comes after the personal ending. ben purple iç drinkçe b nom purple no I will drink sen purple iç drinkçe b non purple no mi darkgreen no Will you drink? o purple iç drinkçek b no he/she will drink biz purple iç drinkçe b noz purple no mi darkgreen no Will we drink? siz purple iç drinkçe b noniz purple no mi darkgreen no Will you drink? onlar purple iç drinkçek b no(ler) purple no they will drink Some people say also içicem, dönücem, kalıcam or içecem, dönecem, kalacam, etc. Usage In Turkish, we have a lot of ways about talking about the future. Even though -acak/ecek is the default tense we use while talking about the future, both the Aorist (-ar/er/ır/ir/ur/ür) and the Present (-yor) may be used instead, and it is important to learn the distinctions between these tenses. Present Tense vs Future Tense Similar to English, -yor may be used to talk about scheduled or planned events in the future. Yarın sinemaya gidiyoruz. We are going to the cinema tomorrow. Tren 15 dakikaya kalkıyor. The train is leaving in 15 minutes. Using the Present Tense here also shows confidence from the speaker that the event will take place as planned. Compare: Ne zaman sinemaya gideceğiz? When will we go to the cinema? Ne zaman sinemaya gidiyoruz? When are we going to the cinema? In the second example, the speaker is sure that there is a plan to go to the cinema, and just wants to learn when it is. On the other hand, there isn't a set time to go to the cinema in the first example, and the speaker wants to determine it now. Aorist While talking about predictions, assumptions or hypotheticals, we use the Aorist instead of the Future. Senden iyi öğretmen olur. You'd make a good teacher. Deprem bizim evimizi etkilemez. Earthquakes won't effect our house. Compare: Yarın yağmur yağmayacak. It won't rain tomorrow Yarın yağmur yağmaz. I don't think it will rain tomorrow. In the first example, the speaker is sure that it won't rain tomorrow, but in the second one, the speaker doesn't believe it will rain, but isn't completely sure about it. Yarın kalemini veririm. I'll return your pencil tomorrow. Yarın kalemini vereceğim. I'll return your pencil tomorrow. When used in the first person, the Aorist implies a commitment or promise, while the Future implies certainty. In the second example, the speaker has already checked if they can return the pencil tomorrow, and is sure that they can return it, and thus uses the Future Tense to present it as a fact. Meanwhile the first example implies that the speaker will try their best to return the pencil, but isn't sure if there will be any obstacles preventing them. The word herhâlde (probably) is often used in conjunction with this usage of the aorist. Herhâlde yağmur yağmaz. It probably won't rain. Future tense used for commands Turkish/Imperative and Optitative