Turkish/Causative

The causative voice is the second productive voice in Turkish. It is very productive, meaning almost any verb can receive it. It is used to make an intransitive verb transitive, or to make an already transitive verb causative. Formation The causative voice is quite irregular compared to other features of Turkish grammar. The main ending used for this is -dır-, with respect to 4-way vowel harmony as well as consonant harmony. yaz writedır pink nomak b no aç opentır pink nomak b no gez writedir pink nomek b no seç choosetir pink nomek b no koy putdur pink nomak b no kus throw uptur pink nomak b no öl diedür pink nomek b no sök rip offtür pink nomek b noVerbs with more than one syllable that end in a vowel, r or l take the ending -t instead. uza extendt pink nomak b no soğu cool downt pink nomak b no otur sitt pink nomak b no kısal shortent pink nomak b no This doesn't apply to verbs with a single syllable. al takedır pink nomak b no dur stopdur pink nomak b no ye eatdir pink nomek b noThere are around 30 irregular monosyllabic words that take a different ending instead. bat sinkır pink nomak b no to sink bit endir pink nomek b no to end doğ spawnur pink nomak b no to give birth, to spawn doy be fullur pink nomak b no to make someone full duy hearur pink nomak b no to announce düş be fullür pink nomek b no to drop geç passir pink nomek b no to pass iç drinkir pink nomek b no to make someone drink kaç fleeır pink nomak b no to miss, to make someone flee, to kidnap piş cookir pink nomek b no to cook şiş inflateir pink nomek b no to inflate taş spillır pink nomak b no to spill uç flyur pink nomak b no to fly yat lie downır pink nomak b no to lay down ak flowıt pink nomak b no to make something flow kork be scaredut pink nomak b no to scare sark dangleıt pink nomak b no to dangle something ürk scareüt pink nomek b no to scare çık exitar pink nomak b no to eject kop break offar pink nomak b no to break off çök collapseert pink nomek b no to collapse em suckzir pink nomek b no to breastfeed Finally, there are some verbs with totally irregular causative forms. dağılmak dissolve dağıtmak dissolve gelmek come getirmek bring gitmek go götürmek take away görmek see göstermek show ısınmak heat up ısıtmak heat up kalmak stay bırakmak let go kalkmak stand up kaldırmak lift olmak to be etmek to do or yapmak to do öğrenmek to learn öğretmek to teach yanmak to burn yakmak to burnCompound verbs with olmak use etmek as their causative form. When olmak means "to become", yapmak is used as its causative form instead, but old publications may use etmek and kılmak as well. Takımımız mağlup oldu. Karşı takımı mağlup ettik. Büyüyünce öğretmen olacağım. Seni büyüyünce öğretmen yapacağız. Combining with other suffixes The causative suffix may combine with any other verbal suffix, and always comes first before any other suffixes. Yaptırılınca Söyletilemeyebilirmiş Usage The causative is used to express that the subject isn't doing the action by themselves, but causing someone else to do it. It can be translated to English as let someone do, have something done, make someone do. With intransitive verbs Intransitive verbs become transitive in the causative voice. The object, which is in accusative, is the thing actually performing the action, while the subject is merely causing the object to do the action. Bu film beni kusturacak. This film will make me throw up. Kedim tavşanımı öldürmüş. My cat has killed my rabbit. With transitive verbs Transitive verbs in the causative voice take two objects instead. The real object is marked in accusative, and the entity performing the action is in the dative. Öğretmenin karneni bana okuttu. Your teacher has made me read your school report. Ahmet sodasını bir yabancıya açtırdı. Ahmet made some stranger open his bottle of soda. Double causative verbs While it is very possible to attach the causative voice suffix twice to mean make someone make someone else do something, in casual speech, multiple causative endings may be attached to a verb for absolutely no reason whatsoever. This is especially preferred when the causee is expressed using a dative object. Ödevini bana yaptırtma. Don't make me do your homework.