Psychiatric Disorders/Timeline in Psychiatry

1550 BC thumb|left|The Ebers Papyrus The Ebers papyrus, one of the most important medical papyri of ancient Egypt, briefly mentioned clinical depression. 4th century BC Hippocrates theorized that physiological abnormalities may be the root of mental disorders. 280 BC Greek physician and philosopher Herophilus studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory nerves and motor nerves. 250 BC left|thumb|Erasistratus of Ceos Greek anatomist Erasistratus studies the brain and distinguishes between the cerebrum and cerebellum. 705 The first psychiatric hospital was built in Baghdad. 11th century Persian physician Avicenna recognized 'physiological psychology' in the treatment of illnesses involving emotions, and developed a system for associating changes in the pulse rate with inner feelings. 13th century Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, one of the famous old psychiatric hospitals, was set up. 1590 Scholastic philosopher Rudolph Goclenius used the term psychology. Though often regarded as the "origin" of the term, there is conclusive evidence that it was used at least six decades earlier by Marko Maruliæ. 1656 Louis XIV of France created a public system of hospitals for those suffering from mental disorders. 1672 In English physician Thomas Willis' anatomical treatise "De Anima Brutorum", Psychology was described in terms of Brain Function. 1758 English physician William Battie wrote the Treatise on Madness which called for treatments to be utilized in asylums. 1808 Dr. Johann Christian Reil, German physician, anatomist, physiologist and psychiatrist, coined the term 'Psychiatry'. 1816 French physician Dr. Rene Laennec invented the Stethoscope. 1821 The element of Lithium was first isolated from Lithium Oxide and described by William Thomas Brande, an English chemist. 1893 Dr. Emil Kraeplin defined "Dementia Praecox", currently Schizophrenia. 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered medical use of X- rays in medical imaging and was conferred the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. 1899 Dr. Sigmund Freud published 'The interpretation of dreams'. 1901 Alzheimer Dr. Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, identified the first case of what later became known as Alzheimer's disease. Blood Types Austrian biologist and physician, Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovered the existence of different human blood types and in 1930, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 1905 French Psychologists Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created the Binet-Simon scale to assess intellectual ability, marking the start for standardized psychological testing. 1906 Dr. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician, published his first Conditioning studies. 1908 The word schizophrenia was coined by Dr. Paul Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist. 1929 Dr. Hans Berger, German neuropsychiatrist, discovered human electroencephalography. 1934 Dr. Manfred Joshua Sakel, Polish neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, introduced insulin shock therapy; a precursor to ECT. 1936 Otto Loewi, Austrian-German-American pharmacologist, won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Medicine, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, for his discovery of Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be described. 1938 Dr.Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist and Dr. Lucio Bini, Italian psychiatrist, discovered Electroconvulsive Therapy. 1948 Lithium carbonate's ability to stabilize mood highs and lows in bipolar disorder was demonstrated. 1949 Dr. Antonio Egaz Moniz, neurologist at the Lisbon Medical School won Nobel prize for his work on psychosurgery / lobotomy. 1952 Chlorpromazine left|thumb|Structure of Chlorpromazine, the first Antipsychotic. The first published clinical trial of Chlorpromazine was conducted at Ste. Anne Hôspital in Paris. Manual The APA published the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. 1960 The first benzodiazepine, Librium, was introduced, marking the rise of psychopharmacology. 1963 United States president John F. Kennedy introduced legislation delegating the National Institute of Mental Health to administer Community Mental Health Centers for those being discharged from state psychiatric hospitals. 1970 FDA approved Lithium for acute mania. 1972 Psychologist David Rosenhan published the Rosenhan experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatric diagnoses. 1977 The ICD-9 was published by the WHO. 1988 left|thumb|Fluoxetine, the Antidepressant also known as 'Prozac'. The first selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, 'Prozac', was released and quickly became most prescribed. 1988 US President George Bush declared 1990s as "The decade of the brain". 2000 The No Free Lunch organization was founded by Dr. Bob Goodman, an internist from New York.