SPARQL/WIKIDATA Precision, Units and Coordinates

thumb|400px|Wikidata data values The data on WIKIDATA contains more info than only the triples. For a full description see Wikidata:Glossary. Values on Wikidata often have additional info like precision, units etc. Wikidata's solution for almost everything is more triples. And it means more prefixes. Entities For entities there is no additional information. Strings For strings there is no additional information. Time examples of dates, precision, time zones and calendars SELECT ?time ?timeprecision ?timezone ?timecalendar ?timecalendarLabel WHERE { { wd:Q5598 p:P569/psv:P569 ?timenode. } # Jul 15, 1606 UNION { wd:Q220 p:P571/psv:P571 ?timenode. } # 13 April 753 BCE UNION { wd:Q1 p:P580/psv:P580 ?timenode. } # 13798 million years BCE ?timenode wikibase:timeValue ?time. ?timenode wikibase:timePrecision ?timeprecision. ?timenode wikibase:timeTimezone ?timezone. ?timenode wikibase:timeCalendarModel ?timecalendar. SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } The prefix p: points to a statement node. The prefix psv: within a statement node retrieves a time node. The wikibase:timeValue within the time node retrieves the time. The wikibase:timePrecision within a time node retrieves the precision of the time. The codes for precision are 0: billion years, 1: hundred million years, 3: million years, 4: hundred thousand years, 5: ten thousand years, 6: millennium, 7: century, 8: decade, 9: year, 10: month, 11: day, 12: hour, 13: minute, 14: second. The wikibase:timeTimezone within a time node retrieves the timezone, as an offset from UTC in minutes. The wikibase:timeCalendarModel within a time node retrieves the calendar, a common used value is 1985727. Comment on filtering on dates. On filtering dates the code ^^xsd:dateTime should be added, like: ?dob && ?dob < "2016-01-01"^^xsd:dateTime). SPARQL Monolingual texts For monolingual text there is no additional information. The text is represented as a string literal with language tag. It has only simple value. Countries in European Union with native name and language SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?nativename ?language { wd:Q458 wdt:P150 ?country. # European Union contains administrative territorial entity OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P1705 ?nativename. BIND( LANG(?nativename) AS ?language). } SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?language) Coordinates Museums in Barcelona with coordinates SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?coord ?lon ?lat WHERE { ?item wdt:P131 wd:Q1492. # in the administrative territory of Barcelona ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q33506. # is a museum ?item p:P625 ?coordinate. ?coordinate ps:P625 ?coord. ?coordinate psv:P625 ?coordinate_node. ?coordinate_node wikibase:geoLongitude ?lon. ?coordinate_node wikibase:geoLatitude ?lat. SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } The prefix p: points to a statement node. The prefix ps: within a statement node for a coordinate retrieves the full coordinate, like Point(2.1749 41.3834). The prefix psv: within a statement node retrieves a coordinate node. The wikibase:geoLongitude within the coordinate node retrieves the longitude value. The wikibase:geoLatitude within a coordinate node retrieves the latitude value. The wikibase:geoGlobe within a coordinate node retrieves the globe object. For coordinates on earth it will be 2. The wikibase:geoPrecision within a coordinate node retrieves the precision of the coordinate values, measured in degrees. Multiply by 111000 to convert to meters. Here an example of mountains not located on Earth. Mountains, with coordinates, not located on Earth SELECT ?item ?name ?coord ?lon ?lat ?globe ?globeLabel { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q8502; # is a mountain p:P625 [ ps:P625 ?coord; psv:P625 [ wikibase:geoLongitude ?lon; wikibase:geoLatitude ?lat; wikibase:geoGlobe ?globe; ] ; ] FILTER ( ?globe != wd:Q2 ) # globe is not earth SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" . ?item rdfs:label ?name. ?globe rdfs:label ?globeLabel. } } ORDER BY ?globeLabel ?name Quantities Longest rivers in the USA SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?length ?unitLabel ?lowerbound ?upperbound ?precision ?length2 ?conversion ?length_in_m WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q4022. # rivers ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q30. # country USA ?item p:P2043 ?stmnode. # length ?stmnode psv:P2043 ?valuenode. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityAmount ?length. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityLowerBound ?lowerbound. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUpperBound ?upperbound. BIND((?upperbound-?lowerbound)/2 AS ?precision). BIND(IF(?precision=0, ?length, (CONCAT(str(?length), "±", str(?precision)))) AS ?length2). # conversion to SI unit ?unit p:P2370 ?unitstmnode. # conversion to SI unit ?unitstmnode psv:P2370 ?unitvaluenode. ?unitvaluenode wikibase:quantityAmount ?conversion. ?unitvaluenode wikibase:quantityUnit wd:Q11573. # meter BIND(?length * ?conversion AS ?length_in_m). SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?length_in_m) LIMIT 10 The prefix p: points to a statement node. The prefix psv: within a statement node retrieves a value node. The wikibase:quantityAmount within the value node retrieves a quantity value. The wikibase:quantityUnit within a value node retrieves a unit. Not all quantities have units. The wikibase:quantityLowerBound and wikibase:quantityUpperBound can be used to indicate the precision. Within the Unit you can retrieve the statement for converting the unit to the SI unit etc. See in the example the length of the Mississippi River is in miles, and can be converted to SI units. The conversion could also be needed if some lengths are in meters and some in kilometers to so. Some variables are used only for demonstration. Without those the query will be: Longest rivers in the USA SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?length2 ?unitLabel ?length_in_m WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q4022. # rivers ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q30. # country USA ?item p:P2043 ?stmnode. # length ?stmnode psv:P2043 ?valuenode. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityAmount ?length. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityLowerBound ?lowerbound. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUpperBound ?upperbound. BIND((?upperbound-?lowerbound)/2 AS ?precision). BIND(IF(?precision=0, ?length, (CONCAT(str(?length), "±", str(?precision)))) AS ?length2). # conversion to SI unit ?unit p:P2370 ?unitstmnode. # conversion to SI unit ?unitstmnode psv:P2370 ?unitvaluenode. ?unitvaluenode wikibase:quantityAmount ?conversion. ?unitvaluenode wikibase:quantityUnit wd:Q11573. # meter BIND(?length * ?conversion AS ?length_in_m). SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?length_in_m) LIMIT 10 The code can be abbreviated a lot with the [ ] syntax by eliminating the variables for the nodes and unused variables. Longest rivers in the USA SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?length2 ?unitLabel ?length_in_m WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q4022. # rivers ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q30. # country USA ?item p:P2043/psv:P2043 [ # length wikibase:quantityAmount ?length; wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit; wikibase:quantityLowerBound ?lowerbound; wikibase:quantityUpperBound ?upperbound; ] BIND((?upperbound-?lowerbound)/2 AS ?precision). BIND(IF(?precision=0, ?length, (CONCAT(str(?length), "±", str(?precision)))) AS ?length2). # conversion to SI unit ?unit p:P2370/psv:P2370 [ # conversion to SI unit wikibase:quantityAmount ?conversion; wikibase:quantityUnit wd:Q11573; # meter ] BIND(?length * ?conversion AS ?length_in_m). SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?length_in_m) LIMIT 10 Normalised units Instead of converting by SPARQL code as above the units can be converted automatically by using prefix psn: (normalised) instead of psv:. Longest rivers in the USA, normalised units SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?length ?unitLabel ?lowerbound ?upperbound ?precision ?length2 WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q4022. # rivers ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q30. # country USA ?item p:P2043 ?stmnode. # length ?stmnode psn:P2043 ?valuenode. # normalised value ?valuenode wikibase:quantityAmount ?length. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityLowerBound ?lowerbound. ?valuenode wikibase:quantityUpperBound ?upperbound. BIND((?upperbound-?lowerbound)/2 AS ?precision). BIND(IF(?precision=0, ?length, (CONCAT(str(?length), "±", str(?precision)))) AS ?length2). SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?length) LIMIT 10 The prefix psv: within a statement node retrieves a value node. The prefix psn: within a statement node retrieves a normalised value node. Note that a query with psn: will give you only the values with units presents in this list.You can see, by example, that these 2 queries don't give exactly the same values. Some values are missing in the second one. #Humans with height > 2,25 m SELECT ?taillem ?item WHERE {?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; p:P2048 [psv:P2048 ?t ] . ?t wikibase:quantityAmount ?taille . ?t wikibase:quantityUnit/p:P2370/psv:P2370 [wikibase:quantityAmount ?conversion ; wikibase:quantityUnit wd:Q11573] . BIND(?taille * ?conversion AS ?taillem). filter(?taillem > 2.25) } order by desc (?taillem) #Humans with height > 2,25 m SELECT ?taille ?item WHERE {?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; p:P2048/psn:P2048 [wikibase:quantityAmount ?taille ]. filter(?taille > 2.25) } order by desc (?taille) Notice that the units changed from km and miles into meters, and that the values are all calculated accordingly. Also the lower- and upper-bound values change accordingly. The precision now is in meters. Normalized quantity values are value nodes that are parallel to the original data nodes but represented in base units. They are connected to their parent nodes by predicates with prefix having "v" replaced with "n" - i.e. psn:, prn: (for references) and pqn: (for qualifiers). The code can be abbreviated a lot with the [ ] syntax by eliminating the variables for the nodes and unused variables. Longest rivers in the USA, normalised units SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?length2 ?unitLabel WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q4022. # rivers ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q30. # country USA ?item p:P2043/psn:P2043 [ # length, normalised wikibase:quantityAmount ?length; wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit; wikibase:quantityLowerBound ?lowerbound; wikibase:quantityUpperBound ?upperbound; ] BIND((?upperbound-?lowerbound)/2 AS ?precision). BIND(IF(?precision=0, ?length, (CONCAT(str(?length), "±", str(?precision)))) AS ?length2). SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY DESC(?length) LIMIT 10 Summary item Statement node Value node p:Pxxx psv:Pxxxor psn:Pxxx (normalised) Time values wikibase:timeValue wikibase:timePrecision wikibase:timeTimezone wikibase:timeCalendarModel Coordinate values wikibase:geoLongitude wikibase:geoLatitude wikibase:geoGlobe wikibase:geoPrecision Quantity values wikibase:quantityAmount wikibase:quantityUnit wikibase:quantityLowerBound wikibase:quantityUpperBound 800px|SPARQL data representation, as used by Wikidata Query Service