Manchu/Lesson 3 - Nouns, Script

To view this page in romanized Manchu, please visit here. Dialogue & Translation Baturu............: ᠰᡳ ᠰᠠᡳᠶᡡᠨ᠉Baturu............: How are you?Zhang Min......: ᠪᡳ ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ᠉ ᠰᡳᠨᡳ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᡠᡵᠰᡠᠨ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ ᠨᡳᠣ᠉Zhang Min......: I am very good, how is your health?Baturu............: ᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ᠈ ᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠ᠉Baturu............: Very good, thank you.Zhang Min......: ᡤᡠᠴᡠ᠈ ᠰᡳ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᡳᠨᡠᠣ᠉Zhang Min......: Friend, are you Manchu?Baturu............: ᡳᠨᡠ᠈ ᠪᡳ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ᠉ ᠰᡳᠨᡳ ᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᡳ᠉Baturu............: Yes, I am Manchu. What is your nationality?Zhang Min......: ᠪᡳ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ᠈ ᡩᠠᠮᡠ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ᠉ ᠰᡳᠨᡩᡝ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠪᡳᠣ᠉Zhang Min......: I am Chinese, but my wife is Mongolian. Do you have a wife?Baturu............: ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠠᡴᡡ᠉ ᠰᡳᠨᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠠᡳ ᡤᡝᠪᡠ ᠠᡳ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ᠉Baturu............: No. What is your wife's first and last names?Zhang Min......: ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᡤᡝᠪᡠ ᠪᡳᠩ ᠪᡳᠩ᠈ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᡳᠨᡠ᠉ ᠰᡳ ᡳᠮᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳᠣ᠉Zhang Min......: My wife's first name is Bing Bing and her surname is Wang. Do you know her?Baturu............: ᡨᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠉ ᠪᡳ ᡠᠪᠠᡩᡝ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ᠣᡥᠣ᠈ ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ ᡨᠣᡴᠰᠣ ᡳ ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠉Baturu............: I don't know her. I have been here for 2 months, I still don't know many people.Zhang Min......: ᠰᡳ ᡨᠣᡴᠰᠣ ᡩᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ ᡨᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᠸᡝ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉Zhang Min......: In the village apart form me who do you know?Baturu............: ᠪᡳ Xiao Zhang ᠵᠠᡳ Xiao He ᡨᠠᡴᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉Baturu............: I know Xiao Zhang and Xiao He.Zhang Min......: ᠰᡳ ᠠᡳ ᡝᡵᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ Xiao Wang ᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᡥᠠ᠉Zhang Min......: When did you meet Xiao Wang.Baturu............: ᠪᡳ ᠴᡝᠮᠪᡝ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠯᠣ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᡥᠠ᠉Baturu............: I met him one month ago.Zhang Min......: ᠠᡳᠪᠠᡩᡝ᠉Zhang Min......: Where?Baturu............: Xiao Zhang ᡳ ᠪᠣᠣᡩᡝ᠉Baturu............: At Xiao Zhang's houseZhang Min......: ᡨᡠᡨᡨᡠ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠰᡳ Xiao Zhang ᠨᡳ ᠪᠣᠣ ᡩᡝ ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ᠉Zhang Min......: In that case you have been to Xiao Zhang's house?Baturu............: ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ᠉ ᠪᡳ ᡨᡝ ᡧᠣᠯᠣ ᠠᡴᡡ᠈ ᠪᡳ ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉Baturu............: I have been. I don't have time, I will go first᠉Zhang Min......: ᠰᠠᡳᠨ᠈ ᠰᡳᡵᠠᠮᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᡴᡳ!Zhang Min......: Okay, see you later!............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Vocab ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Manchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationManchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationᠠᡳWhatᠠᡳᠪᠠᡩᡝWhereᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨNationalityᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠThankyouᠪᡝᠶᡝ ᡩᡠᡵᠰᡠᠨHealthᠪᡳᠶᠠMonthᠪᠣᠣHome/houseᠴᡝᠮᠪᡝThem accusative caseᡩᠠᠮᡠBut/onlyᡝᠮᡠOneᡝᡵᡳᠨTimeᡤᡝᠪᡠNameᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝTo have gone (past tense of ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ)ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳTo goᡤᡠᠴᡠFriendᡥᠠᠯᠠSurnameᡳᠮᠪᡝHim/her accusative caseᡳᠨᡠIs/alsoᠵᠠᡳAndᠵᡠᠸᡝTwoᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳStillᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳFrom meᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝAt meᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣMongolᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝFirst (before ...)᠊ᠣSuffix indicating a questionᠣᡥᠣTo have becomeᠣᠮᠪᡳTo becomeᠣᠩᡤᠣᠯᠣBeforeᠰᠠᡳᠨGoodᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨWifeᠰᡳYouᠰᡳᠨᡩᡝAt youᠰᡳᠨᡳYourᠰᡳᡵᠠᠮᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᡴᡳSee you laterᡨᠠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳTo know (someone)ᡨᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡTo not know (someone)ᡨᠣᡴᠰᠣVillageᡨᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨApart fromᡨᡠᡨᡨᡠ ᠣᠴᡳIn that caseᡠᠪᠠᡩᡝHereᡠᠮᡝᠰᡳVeryᠸᡝWhoᡧᠣᠯᠣFree time................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Grammar Pronouns Personal pronouns As with nouns, personal pronouns in Manchu also have different cases. The normal form of Manchu personal pronouns is expressed by using the nominative case. See following table for list of all personal pronouns in the 5 different cases: ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................Personal PronounNominativeGenitiveDative/LocativeAccusativeAblativeSingular1st Personᠪᡳᠮᡳᠨᡳᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝᠮᡳᠮᠪᡝᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ2nd Personᠰᡳᠰᡳᠨᡳᠰᡳᠨᡩᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝᠰᡳᠨᠴᡳ3rd PersonᡳᡳᠨᡳᡳᠨᡩᡝᡳᠮᠪᡝᡳᠨᠴᡳPlural1st Person (incl.)ᠮᡠᠰᡝᠮᡠᠰᡝᡳᠮᡠᠰᡝᡩᡝᠮᡠᠰᡝᠪᡝᠮᡠᠰᡝᠴᡳ1st Person (excl.)ᠪᡝᠮᡝᠨᡳᠮᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᡝᠮᠪᡝᠮᡝᠨᠴᡝ2nd Personᠰᡠᠸᡝᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᡳᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝᠰᡠᠸᡝᠮᠪᡝᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᠴᡳ3rd Personᠴᡝᠴᡝᠨᡳᠴᡝᠨᡩᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡝᠴᡝᠨᠴᡳ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... The personal pronoun in the nominative case is the ordinary form of the pronoun, e.g. ᠪᡳ = I, ᠰᡳ = you, ᡳ = he/she/it, ᠪᡝ = we (excl.), ᠮᡠᠰᡝ = we (incl.), ᠰᡠᠸᡝ = you (plural), ᠴᡝ = they/them For the singular first personal pronoun "I" the different forms are: nominative ᠪᡳ "I"; genitive ᠮᡳᠨᡳ "my"; dative/locative ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ "to/at me"; accusative ᠮᡳᠮᠪᡝ "me"; ablative ᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ "from me". All the other personal pronouns follow the same pattern. As with Chinese, Manchu has two versions of the 1st plural personal pronoun: an exclusive version 〈ᠪᡝ〉, and an inclusive version 〈ᠮᡠᠰᡝ〉. To express the idea of oneself, you would use the genitive form of the personal pronoun and follow it with the word 〈ᠪᡝᠶᡝ〉 (body). E.g. ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ (myself), ᠰᡳᠨᡳ ᠪᡝᠶᡝ (yourself). The possessive pronoun is formed by adding the suffix 〈᠊ᠩᡤᡝ〉 after the genitive form of the personal pronoun. E.g. ᠮᡳᠨᡳ᠊᠊᠊ᠩᡤᡝ (mine). ᡝᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳᠩᡤᡝ (this book is mine). The suffix 〈᠊ᠩᡤᡝ〉 is a possessive suffix which does not change with the rules of vowel harmony. When written it is proceeded by the genitive case and therefore becomes one of 〈᠊ᡳᠩᡤᡝ〉 or 〈᠊ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡝ〉. In the case of use with personal pronouns, it is already proceeded by the genitive form of the pronoun so remains 〈᠊ᠩᡤᡝ〉. It can be translated as belong to, and is often written separately from the noun. E.g. ᡝᠵᡝᠨ ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡝ - belonging to the master. Now for some examples of the different cases: Nominative ᠪᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ - I study the Manchu language ᡳ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ - He is Manchu Genitive ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡤᡠᠴᡠ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ - My friend is Manchu ᠮᡝᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ - Our mother is the fatherland Dative/Locative ᠰᡳᠨᡩᡝ ᠠᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᠪᡳ᠉ - What issue do you (at) have? ᡨᡝᡵᡝ ᡝᠮᡠ ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠪᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ ᠪᡠᡴᡳ (to give imp) - Can you please give this book to me Accusative ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠮᡝᠮᠪᡝ ᡠᠵᡳᠮᡝ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠ - The fatherland raised us (object) ᠪᡳ ᠴᡝᠮᠪᡝ ᡝᠮᡠ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ ᠣᠩᡤᠣᠯᠣ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᡥᠠ - I met him (object) one month ago Ablative ᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᡝ ᠰᡝ ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ - He is two years younger than me ᠰᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ ᡨᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᠸᡝ ᡨᠠᡴᠠᠸᠪᡳ᠉ - Apart from me who do you know? Demonstrative pronouns The demonstrative pronouns in Manchu are: ................................................................................................................................................................................CaseThisTheseThatThoseNominative ᡝᡵᡝᡝᠰᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᡨᡝᠰᡝGenitiveᡝᡵᡝᡳ 〔ᡝᡵᡝᠨᡳ〕ᡝᠰᡝᡳᡨᡝᡵᡝᡳᡨᡝᠰᡝᡳDative/locative ᡝᡵᡝᡩᡝ 〔ᡝᡩᡝ〕ᡝᠰᡝᡩᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᡩᡝ 〔ᡨᡝᡩᡝ〕ᡨᡝᠰᡝᡩᡝAccusativeᡝᡵᡝᠪᡝᡝᠰᡝᠪᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᠪᡝᡨᡝᠰᡝᠪᡝAblativeᡝᡵᡝᠴᡳᡝᠰᡝᠴᡳᡨᡝᡵᡝᠴᡳᡨᡝᠰᡝᠴᡳ................................................................................................................................................................................ Interrogative pronouns The main interrogative pronouns in Manchu are (note the cases): ....................................................................................................................................ManchuEnglishManchuEnglishᠸᡝWhoᠠᡳᠪᡳᡩᡝ᠈ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᡩᡝAt/to what placeᠠᡳWhatᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᠮᡝHowᠶᠠWhat, whoᠠᡳᠴᡳWhat typeᠠᡳᠨᡠWhyᡠᡩᡠHow manyᠠᡳᠪᡳ᠈ ᠶᠠᠪᠠWhat place/whereᠠᠪᠠWhere .................................................................................................................................... Lesson 2, Script (Nouns) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 4 (Numerals)