Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Dipsacus

<< Prohibited invasive plants at the SCA Dipsacus spp. (teasels) Teasels (Dipsacus species) are common in the old fields and some more wooded parts of the Skaneateles Conservation Area (SCA). Wild teasel, Dipsacus fullonum (≡ D. sylvestris ≡ D. fullonum ssp. sylvestris) is the most likely teasel to be found at the SCA. Cutleaf teasel, Dipsacus laciniatus is less likely to be found at the SCA, but it is present in nearby towns Elbridgecclaun (2019). Dipsacus laciniatus (Cutleaf Teasel) iNaturalist observation in Elbridge, NY 13060, USA. and Marcellus.Randy A Nonenmacher (2020). Dipsacus laciniatus (Cutleaf Teasel) iNaturalist observation at Baltimore Woods Nature Center, Onondaga County, NY, USA Fuller's teasel, Dipsacus sativus was probably cultivated in the area, but not known to naturalize, so probably unlikely at the SCA. Invasiveness ranking for Dipsacus spp. (teasels) The 2009 New York State invasiveness ranking assessed Dipsacus laciniatus explicitly and did not assess Dipsacus fullonum at all. However, subsequent listings from individual New York PRISMS have ranked Dipsacus fullonum as highly invasive.LH PRISM (2021). Dipsacus fullonum. Lower Hudson Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management Dipsacus laciniatus (cut-leaf teasel) is listed as highly invasive with a relative maximum score of 68/90 = 75.56%Dipsacus laciniatus Gerry Moore October 22, 2009 and is prohibited by New York State law.New York Codes, Rules and Regulations, Title 6 Section 575.3 - Prohibited invasive species Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) is listed as highly invasive but not regulated by state law. Dipsacus sativus (fuller’s teasel) was formerly cultivated in this area but not known to naturalize.Troy Weldy, David Werier & Andrew Nelson (2021). Dipsacus sativus in New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. Dipsacus laciniatus and Dipsacus fullonum are similar in appearance and are known to hybridize. The primary difference is deeply-lobed leaves of D. laciniatus.WNY PRISM (2021). Common Teasel. Western New York Partnership for Invasive Species Management. 1. Ecological impact (20/30) 1.1. Unknown impact on ecosystem processes and system-wide parameters (U) Dipsacus laciniatus has been known in the U.S. since the 1800s, but specific studies on its impacts to ecosystem processes and system wide parameters are not known 1.2. Significant impact in at least one layer (7/10) Large stands can significantly increase the density of the herb layer, and also significantly increasing the height of the herb layer up to 3 m.David Synder & Sylvan R. Kaufman (2004). An overview of nonindigenous plant species in New Jersey. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Parks and Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, New Jersey. pp. 56-58 Teasels significantly alter the structure of rare natural plant communities. 1.3. Major alteration in community composition (10/10) 1.4. Minor impact on other species or species groups (3/10) 2. Biological characteristics and dispersal ability (16/25) 2.1. Abundant reproduction (4/4) Large plants can produce over 2000 seeds. Viability is high, often ≥ 80% Teasel seed bank is short lived. Less than 1% of Fuller's teasel emerged after 5 years of storage in the soil 2.2. Infrequent or inefficient long-distance dispersal (1/4) Most seeds fall near the parent plant. Teasel seeds are not morphologically adapted for wind dispersal. Most fall within 5 ft. of plant.Corey L. Gucker (2009). Dipsacus fullonum, D. laciniatus in Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory Occasional long distance dispersal by water and wind, possibly assisted by highways that create wind corridors, may occur despite specific adaptations 2.3. High potential to be spread by human activities (3/3) Readily dispersed by mowing equipment Occasionally sold for cultivation and in dried flower displays (now prohibited in NY but still picked for this purpose) Roadsides, fields, and waste places. It does very well along some of the major interstates and is clearly spreading and becoming more common.Troy Weldy, David Werier & Andrew Nelson (2021). Dipsacus laciniatus in New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. Dispersal along roads and waterways has been important to teasel spread in North America. 2.4. Possesses one characteristic that increase competitive advantage (3/6) Perennial or biennial monocarp (i.e., dies after setting seed) 2.5. Forms a dense layer above shorter vegetation and forms dense thickets (2/2) Forms a very dense tall thickety layer above shorter vegetation 2.6. Can germinate/regenerate in existing vegetation in a wide range of conditions (3/3) 2.7. Other species in the genus are not invasive in New York or elsewhere (0/3) Dipsacus fullonum, D. sativum, D. sylvestris not tracked as invasive here or elsewhere. D. laciniatus is not as common as the common teasel (D. sylvestris) Currently (2021), a number of state and federal agencies do appear to consider Dipsacus fullonum to be invasive at some level.USDA-NISIC (2021). "Common Teasel". U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Invasive Species Information Center 3. Ecological amplitude and distribution 3.1. Large dense stands present in areas with few other invasive species present (4/4): Large stands can occur over 0.25 acres sometimes in areas lacking other invasives. 3.2. Known to occur in four or more natural habitats (6/6): Wetland: Freshwater marshes, Peatlands, Shrub swamps Upland: Grasslands/old fields, Forests/woodlands 3.3. Can establish independent of any known natural or anthropogenic disturbances (4.4): Although found in disturbed areas, also reported in undisturbed areas such as limestone fens, meadows and stream corridors. 3.4. Native range includes climates similar to those in New York (3/3) Native to temperate Europe and Asia. 3.5. Present as a non-native in >8 northeastern USA states and/or eastern Canadian provinces (4/4): Present in KY, IN, IL, IA, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NJ, NY, OH, PA, VA, WI, WV,USDA-NRCS National Plant Data Team (2021). Dipsacus laciniatus ON, QC.Canadensys (2020). Dipsacus laciniatus. Accessed 2021-07-13. Difficulty of control References for invasiveness ranking Observations of Dipsacus spp. (teasels) at the SCA 53030 Dipsacus