Movie Making Manual/Cinematography/Cameras and Formats/Electronic Capture and Storage

Electronic capture and storage WikiPedia articles: Charge-coupled_device Table of HD Cameras (including HDV) ordered by price Betamax WikiPedia article on Betamax VHS WikiPedia article on VHS sVHS WikiPedia article on sVHS Hi8 WikiPedia article on Hi8 DV WikiPedia article on DV, DVcam, DVCpro, DVCpro50 and DVCproHD Tech specs Chroma subsampling: DV or MiniDV(NTSC) = 4:1:1 Chroma subsampling: DV or MiniDV(PAL) = 4:2:0 DVcam WikiPedia article on DV, DVcam, DVCpro, DVCpro50 and DVCproHD XDCAM Recording DVcam onto optical disk DVCpro, DVCpro50 and DVCproHD WikiPedia article on DV, DVcam, DVCpro, DVCpro50 and DVCproHD Panasonic's formats. They all use exactly the same tape medium but the tape runs faster through the mechanism for the higher quality formats. Tech specs DVCPRO = 25Mbit/s 4:1:1 DVCPRO50 = 50Mbit/s 4:2:2 DVCPRO100 = 100Mbit/s 4:2:2 P2 Recording of DVCpro, DVCpro50 or DVCproHD onto PCMCIA-sized solid state memory cards. P2 to hard disk http://www.spec-comm.com/cineporter.php Focus Enhancment's press-release about a FireStore direct-to-disk system for the HVX200 Cameras Panasonic AJ-HDC27 - DVCproHD, variable frame rate Betacam WikiPedia article on Betacam, HDCAM and HDCAM SR MPEG2/IMX HDV WikiPedia article on HDV Tech specs Chroma subsampling = 4:2:0 Bitrate = 25 megabits per second the 'prosumer' high definition format, recording high definition video onto miniDV tape using MPEG2 compression HDCAM WikiPedia article on Betacam, HDCAM and HDCAM SR Tech specs Chroma subsampling = 3:1:1 Resolution recorded to tape = 1440 x 1080 Cameras Sony HDW-F900, 1920x1080 sensors Sony HDW-750P Sony HDW-730s HDCAM SR WikiPedia article on Betacam, HDCAM and HDCAM SR Tech specs Chroma subsampling = 4:4:4 D1 WikiPedia article on D1 D5 HD WikiPedia article on D5 HD Uncompressed Post production is often done uncompressed It's now becomming possible to capture uncompressed, too Preface: data versus video Formats like 2k and 4k are considered "data" rather than "video". A scanner which produce 2k files from film negative are called "data scanners" as apposed to "telecines". Why? The main difference between "data" and "video" is that "data" doesn't use any chroma subsampling and is always RGB (as apposed to a video colour space like YUV). I.E. data is always 4:4:4 RGB. Advantages of using uncompressed No compression artifacts Maintain full latitude (useful if the footage will be graded) Very little processing required Disadvantages of using uncompressed Requires lots of storage Requires very fast hard disk Uncompressed formats HD <= 1920x1080 2k = 2048x1556 4k = 6k = 8k = see Table of Formats for more details. Film style electronic cameras Viper Arri D-20 1920x1080 Panavision Genesis 1920x1080 Films made with the Genesis Scary Movie 4 Superman Returns Kinetta Dalsa Origin 12-stops lattitude 4k resolution Direct to Disk Recording (DDR) Hard disks for use with DV cameras Formax Oxygen (250GB hard disk, good value for money, plugs into a DV camera) FireStore DVRack software turns a laptop into a hard disk recorder and monitoring system Hard disks for the JVC GY-HD100 HDV camera JVC DR-HD100 recorder records audio, timecode, video, all over firewire. 40 and 80GB capacities for >3 and >7 hrs of HDV recording. HD or SD recording SD DV25 as .dv, AVI type 1 or 2, 2 type 24p, QuickTime 30i or 24p (and other AVI formats as well for Matrox etc.), in HD it records 720p24, p25, p30 .m2t files for NLE systems Hard disks for the Panasonic HVX200 DVCproHD camera Focus DTE FS100DTE Miniature / covert cameras