Basic Physics of Digital Radiography/The Index

thumb| A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Contents Basics Source Patient Image Receptor Computer Image Applications Quiz Index A A Absorbed Dose Adaptive Array, CT Detectors Adaptive Histogram Equalization Adaptive Multi-Planar Reconstruction (AMPR), MDCT Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) Added Filtration Additional Filtration Advanced Single-Slice Rebinning (ASSR), MDCT Aliasing Alpha Blending AMBER Ambient Light Amorphous Selenium (a-Se) Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Angiography Angular Beam Modulation (ABM) Anode Angle Anthropomorphic Phantom Antimony Trisulfide Array Processor Aspect Ratio Atomic Number Attenuation of X-Rays Automatic Brightness Control (ABC) Automatic Dose Rate Control (ADRC) Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), Mammography Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), MDCT Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Axial Projection #top B B Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT) Background Radiation Back Projection Backscatter Bandpass Filter Band Theory Barium Contrast Media Barium Fluorohalide Beam Filtration Beam Hardening Beer-Lambert Law Binding Energy Biomolecular Damage Bolus Chasing, DSA Bone Attenuation Bremsstrahlung Brightness Gain Bucky Factor #top C C Cadmium Selenide Camera Control Unit (CCU) C-Arm CT C-Arm Systems CCD, Mammography CCD Video Camera Cesium Bromide Cesium Iodide Chalnicon Characteristic Radiation Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) CMOS Coherent Scatter Collimator Collimation, Virtual Colour Look-Up Table (CLUT) Composite MPR Display Compression, Mammography Compton Effect Computed Radiography (CR) Computed Tomography (CT) Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Cone-Beam CT Cone-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm (COBRA), MDCT Contrast-Detail Evaluation Contrast Enhancement Contrast, Image Contrast, Subject Contrast, Scatter Effects Conversion Efficiency Convolution Filter Coordinate Transfer Function (CTF) Copper Filtration Coronal Reconstruction Cosmic Radiation CT Fluoroscopy (CTF) CT, Helical CT Image Display CT Image Reconstruction CT-Number CT, Spiral Curved Reconstruction Cut-Off Frequency #top D D Densitometric Analysis, DSA Detection Efficiency Detection of X-Rays Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) Deterministic Health Risk Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) DICOM Digital Image Representation Digital Images Digital Image Processing Digital Image Processor Digital Radiography (DR) Digital Radiography, Direct Receptors Digital Radiography, Indirect Receptors Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) DNA Damage Dose-Area Product - Basics; Location; KERMA-Area Product (KAP); Application Dose, Eyes Dose Limits Dose Reduction, Radiography Dose Reduction, Fluoroscopy Double Strand Breaks DSA Image Processor DSA Instrumentation Dual-Energy CT (DECT) Dual-Energy Radiography Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Dual-Source CT (DSCT Dynamic Range #top E E ECG_Gating, MDCT Edge Enhancement Effective Dose Effective Doses, from Radiography Effective Doses, from Fluoroscopy Electromagnetic Radiation Enhanced Visualization Processing (EVP) Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) Epidemiological Studies Epilation Equivalent Dose Erythema Exposure Exposure Creep Exposure Index (EI) Extra-Focal Radiation Eye Protection #top F F Feldkamp Algorithm Fibre Optic Taper Filament Cathode Fill Factor Filter, X-Ray Beam - Aluminium, Copper, Molybdenum, Rare-Earth, Rhodium, Spectral Filter, Digital Image Processing - Convolution, Kernel, Temporal, Spatial Filtered Back Projection (FBP) Flat Field Correction Fluorescence Fluorescent X-Ray Fluorography Exposure Fluoro Noise Reduction (FNR) Fluoroscopic Loop Fluoroscopy Burn Fluoroscopy Exposure Fluoroscopy, Pulsed Fluoroscopy Systems Flux Gain Flying Focus XRT Fly-Through Focal Spot Focal Spot, Effective Size Focussing Cup Fourier Filtering Fourier Transform Free Radicals #top G G Gadolinium Oxysulfate Gamma Gaussian Filter General Radiography Geometric Analysis, DSA Geometric Magnification Gray (Gy) Grids Grids, Mammography Grids, Moiré Patterns Greyscale Greyscale Standard Display Function (GSDF) #top H H Half Value Layer Heating Capacity, XRT Heel Effect Helical CT High-Pass Filter Histogram Equalization Hounsfield Unit (HU) HV Generator HV Generator, Falling Load HV Generator, Inverter HV Generator, Inverter with AEC HV Generator, Medium Frequency HV Generator, Single Phase HV Generator, Three Phase HV Generator, Capacitative Discharge #top I I Image Compression Image Contrast Image Deconvolution Image Display Image Distortion Image Fusion Image Noise Image Noise, DSA Image Quality Image Reconstruction, CT Image Quantization Image Registration Image Sampling Image Segmentation Image Storage & Distribution Image Superimposition Imaging Geometry Inherent Filtration Input Phosphor Integrated Mask-Mode DSA Interlaced Raster Scan Interpolation, Helical CT Inverse Fourier Transform Iodine Contrast Media Ionizing Radiation Inverse Square Law Iterative Reconstruction Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space (IRIS) #top J J Justification of Exposure #top K K K-Edge Effect Kerma KERMA-Area Product (KAP) Kernel, Filter Klein-Nishina Formula #top L L Landmarking Last-Image-Hold (LIH) Lead Apron Lead Oxide Lead Spectacles Lens of the Eye, Injury Light Beam Diaphragm Limiting Spatial Resolution Linear Attenuation Coefficient Linear Interpolation, Helical CT Line Focus Principle Line Spread Function (LSF) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Log-Median Index (LgM) Logarithmic Transformation, CR & DR Logarithmic Transformation, DSA Lossless Compression Low Frequency Drop (LFD) Low-Pass Filter #top M M Mammography Mammography, AEC Mammography, Auto-kV Mammography, CCD Mammography, Compression Mammography, Grids Mammography, Magnification Mammography, Photon Counting Mammography, Scatter Reduction Mammography, Screening Mammography, Slot-Scanning Mammography, Stereotactic Imaging Mass Attenuation Coefficient Matched Filtration Matrix Array, CT Detectors Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), 2D Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), 3D Median Filter Minification Gain Minimum Intensity Projection (MinIP) Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) Moiré Pattern Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Multi-Planar Reconstruction (MPR) Multi-Slice CT (MSCT) Multi-Slice Filtered Interpolation (MFI) Multi-Slice Linear Interpolation (MLI) Multiple Beam Equalization Radiography (AMBER) Multi-Scale Image Contrast Amplification (MUSICA) Mutual Information Maximization #top N N Noise, Image Nyquist Frequency #top O O Oblique Reconstruction Opacity, Volume Rendering Optimization of Protection Output Phosphor Over-Couch XRT Over-Ranging, MDCT #top P P Parallel Projection, 3D Patient Dose, Radiography Patient Dose, Fluoroscopy Peak Skin Dose Penumbra Perceptual Oscillation Perspective Projection, 3D Phosphor, Structured Phosphor, Unstructured Photocathode Photoconductor Photoconductive Video Camera Photoelectric Effect Photoelectron Photon Counting, Mammography Photo-Stimulable Luminescence (PSL) Pick-Up Tube (PUT) Picture Archival & Communication Systems (PACS) - Basics; Details Pitch, Grid Pitch, Helical CT Pixel Pixelation Pixel Value Plumbicon Point Spread Function (PSF) Poisson Distribution Polychromatic Radiation Power Rating, XRT Primary Photons Primary Radiation Progressive Raster Scan Projected Thickness Pulsed Fluoroscopy Pulsed Progressive Readout (PPR) #top Q Q Quantification, DSA Quantization Error Quantum Noise #top R R Radio-Adaptive Response Radiation Biology Radiation Dose Radiation Dose Management Radiation Hormesis Radiation-Induced Bystander Response RADs Radiation Weighting Factor Radiation Protection Radiography Systems Ramachandran & Lakshminarayana (Ram-Lak) Filter Rare-Earth Filter Raster Scan, Interlaced Rebinning Algorithms, MDCT Reconstruction Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Recoil Electron Recursive Filtration Region Growth, Image Segmentation REMs Remasking Reregistration Retake Analysis Roadmapping Roentgen, unit Roentgen, Wilhelm Rotating Anode XRT Rotating Envelope XRT Rotational Angiography #top S S Sagittal Reconstruction Sampling Frequency Scanned Projection Radiography Scatter Correction, Computerised Scatter, Effect on Contrast Scatter Reduction Scatter Reduction, Mammography Scattered Photons Scatter-to-Primary Ratio (SPR) Screening, Mammography Scrub Frame Secondary Electrons Secondary Photons Semiconductor Video Camera Sensitivity Index (SI) Shaded Surface Display (SSD) Sharpening Shepp-Logan Filter Sievert (Sv) Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Skin Injury Slot-Scanning Smoothing Sodium Iodide Software Spatial Domain Processing Spatial Frequency Spatial Frequency Processing Spatial Period Spatial Resolution Spectral Filtration Spiral CT Square Wave Response (SWR) Staff Dose Stereotactic Imaging, Mammography Stochastic Health Risk Storage Phosphor Subject Contrast Surface Rendering Sync Pulse #top T T Target, Video Camera Temporal Filtration Temporal Resolution Thermionic Emission Thermoluminescence 3D Visualization 3D Multi-Planar Reconstruction Thick Slab Projection Threshold Definition, Image Segmentation Thyroid Shield Time-Interval-Difference (TID) imaging in DSA Tissue Attenuation Tissue Damage Tissue Weighting Factor Total Filtration True Cone-Beam Tomography (TCOT), MDCT Transfer Characteristic Tube Loading Curves, XRT Two-Dimensional FFT #top U U Ultra-Fast Ceramic (UFC) Detectors Umbra Under-Couch XRT Unsharp Masking #top V V Vascular Trace Veiling Glare Video Camera Video Signal Vidicon Virtual Collimation Virtual Colonoscopy Virtual Endoscopy Visualization, 3D Volume Rendering, 2D Volume Rendering, 3D Volume Tomographic Angiography Voxel #top W W Weighted Hyperplane Reconstruction (MHR), MDCT Wiener Spectrum Windowing #top X X XII-Video Systems X-Ray Energy Spectrum - Basics; Details X-Ray Image Intensifier (XII) X-Ray Shadows X-Ray Tube (XRT) - Basics; Details X-Ray Tube Current (mA) XRT Anode - Tungsten, Molybdenum, Rhodium XRT, Cooling Curves XRT, Heating Capacity XRT, Heating Curves XRT, Power Rating XRT, Rotating Envelope XRT, Tube Loading Curves Y #top Z Z z-Projection