HSK Guide/HSK 1 Grammar

Parts of Speech These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category. Adverbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing actions in progress with "zai"(正) 在 + Verb我们 正在 吃饭。 We are eating rice now.Negation of "you" with "mei"没 + 有我 没有 钱 。 I don't have money.Standard negation with "bu"不 + Verb / Adj.他们 不 是 坏 孩子。 They are not bad children.The "all" adverb "dou"都 + Verb / Adj.我们 都 住 在 上海。 We all live in Shanghai.The "also" adverb "ye"也 + Verb / Adj.昨天 很 冷，今天 也 很 冷。 Yesterday was cold, and today is also cold. Adverbs with Adjectives Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAsking about degree with "duo"Subj. + 多 + Adj. ?他 多 高？ How tall is he?Expressing "not very" with "bu tai"不太 + Adj.他 不太 高兴 。我 不太 喜欢。 He isn't very happy. I don't quite like it. Conjunctions Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "and" with "he"Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2我 和 他 都 不 去。 I and him didn't go. Nouns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAfter a specific time with "yihou"Time / Verb + 以后10点 以后 ，我 不 在 家。 I won't be at home after 10 o' clock.Before a specific time with "yiqian"Time / Verb + 以前十 点 以前，我 在 家。 I will be at home before 10 o' clock.Time words and word orderSubj. + Time⋯⋯ / Time + Subj.⋯⋯我 明天 有 空。/ 明天 我 有 空。 I will be free tomorrow. Numbers Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAge with "sui"Subj. + Number + 岁我 20 岁 。 I'm 20 years old.Measure word "ge"Number + 个 + Noun一 个 人 。 A person.Structure of datesNumber + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日今天 是 2011年 11月 11日/号 。 Today is 11th November 2011.Structure of days of the week星期 + Number今天 星期三 。 Today is Wednesday.Structure of numbersNumber + Unit三 百 五 十 九。 359.Structure of times (advanced)Number 1 + 点(钟) + Number 2 + 分现在 十一点十八分 。 It's 11:18 now.Structure of times (basic)Number + 点(钟)现在 十一点 。 It's 11 o' clock now. Particles Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing close possession without "de"Pronoun + Noun我 女朋友 my girlfriendExpressing completion with "le"Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj.我 吃 了 两 个 苹果。 I ate 2 apples.Expressing "not anymore" with "le"不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了我 不 想 吃 了 。 I don't want to eat anymore.Expressing "now" with "le"New Situation + 了吃饭 了！ Time to eat!Expressing possession with "de"Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2我 的 老师 my teacherQuestions with "ne"⋯⋯呢 ?我 很 好。你 呢 ? I'm fine. And you?Sentence-final interjection "a"⋯⋯啊是 啊！谁 啊？ Yep! Who?Softening speech with "ba"⋯⋯吧这样 不 太 好 吧。 This ain't that good.Suggestions with "ba"Command + 吧我们 走 吧 。 Let's go. Verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesDirectional verbs "lai" and "qu"来 / 去 + Place我 来 上海 一 年 了。 It's been 1 year I came to Shanghai.Expressing existence in a place with "zai"在 + Place老师 在 上海 。 The teacher is at Shanghai.Expressing existence with "you"Place + 有 + Obj.我们 学校 有 很 多 学生。 Our school has lots of students.Expressing possession with "you"Subj. + 有 + Obj.我 有 钱。 I have money.Polite requests with "qing"请 + Verb请 坐 。 Please sit.Using the verb "jiao"叫 + Name你 叫 什么 名字 ？ What's your name?Using the verb "qu"去 + Place我 去 学校。 I go to school. Auxiliary verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing ability or possibility with "neng"能 + Verb中文 这么 难，你 能 学 好 吗？ Chinese is tough, can you master it?Expressing a learned skill with "hui"会 + Verb他 会 说 中文 。 He can speak Chinese.Expressing "will" with "hui"会 + Verb明天 你 会 来 吗？ Are you going to come tomorrow?Expressing "would like to" with "xiang"想 + Verb我 想 去。 I want to go. Verb phrases Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesHow to do something with "zenme"怎么 + Verb ?怎么 走? How do I reach there?Indicating location with "zai" before verbsSubj. + 在 + Place + Verb我 在 上海 工作。 I work at Shanghai.Negation of past actions with "meiyou"没有 + Verb我 没有 去 酒吧。 I didn't go to the pub. Grammatical Structures These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech. Basics Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesBasic sentence orderSubj. + Verb (+ Obj.)我 爱 你 。 I love you.Connecting nouns with "shi"A + 是 + B我 是 学生 。 I'm a student.Expressing "excessively" with "tai"太 + Adj. + 了太 好 了 ! That's great!Simple "noun + adjective" sentencesNoun + 很 + Adj.我 很 好。 I'm fine. Noun Phrases Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "some" with "yixie"一些 + Noun这里 有 一些 咖啡。 There are some coffee here. Numbers and Measure Words Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesCounting moneyNumber + 块 / 元 (+ Number + 毛 / 角) (+ 钱)给 你 五 块 三 毛。 Here's 5 dollars and 3 pennies.Measure words in quantity questions几 + Measure Word (+ Noun) ?几 个 人？ How many people? Question Forms Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAsking how something is with "zenmeyang"⋯⋯怎么样？你 最近 怎么样 ？ How are you recently?Placement of question words什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么你 是 谁 ？你 在 哪儿 ？ Who are you? Where are you?Questions with "le ma"Verb + 了 + 吗？你 吃饭 了 吗 ？ Have you ate yet?Yes-no questions with "ma"⋯⋯吗？他 是 老板 吗 ? Is he a boss? Sentence Patterns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesThe "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details是⋯⋯ 的你 是 怎么 来 的？ How did you came here? Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here. Adverbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesComparing "bu" and "mei"不 vs 没我 今天 晚上 不 吃饭。昨天 晚上 我 没 吃饭。 I won't eat dinner today. I didn't eat dinner yesterday.