Manchu/Lesson 2 - Nouns, Script

To view this page in romanized Manchu, please visit here. Dialogue & Translation ᡝᡵᡝ ᡥᠠᡥᠠ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠠᠮᠠ᠉This man is my father.ᡨᡝᡵᡝ ᡥᡝᡥᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ᠉That woman is my mother.ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ᠉My mother is Manchu.ᡝᡵᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠸᡝ ᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ᠉Whose book is this?ᡝᡵᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ᠉This is my mother's bookᠰᡳᡴᠰᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠠᠮᠠ ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ᠉ ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᠰᠠ ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠ᠉My father went to Harbin yesterday. There are many Manchus in Harbin.ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᠠᠮᠠ ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ ᡝᡵᡝ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᡠᡩᠠᡥᠠ᠉In Harbin my father bought this book to learn Manchu.ᡳ ᡝᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠪᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡩᡝ ᠪᡠᡥᡝ᠉He gave this book to my mother.ᡨᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳᡩᠠᡵᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠉Now my mother studies Manchu everyday.ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝ᠄ 《ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠵᠠ》᠉My mother says that Manchu is easier than Chinese................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Vocab ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Manchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationManchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationᠠᡴᡡIsn't, there isn'tᠠᠮᠠFatherᠠᡵᠠᡵᠠPresent/future tense of ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ (to write)᠊ᠪᡝAccusative case markerᠪᡳTo haveᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝBookᠪᡠᡥᡝPast tense of bumbi (to give)᠊ᠴᡳAblative case marker (from)᠊ᡩᠠᡵᡳRepetitive suffix, each, every..᠊ᡩLocative/dative case marker (at/to)ᡝᠮᡝMotherᡝᠮᡠOneᡝᡵᡝThisᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝPast tense of ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ (to go)ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨLanguageᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨCountryᡥᠠᡥᠠManᡥᠠᡳᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳTo loveᡥᠠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨHotᡥᡝᡥᡝWomanᡥᡝᠨᡩᡠᠮᡝPresent tense of hendumbi (to say) with converb -meᡳHe/she᠊ᡳGenitive case marker (of)ᡳᠯᡥᠠFlowerᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳDayᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳᡩᠠᡵᡳEach dayᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠTo have arrivedᠵᠠEasyᡴᠣᠮᠰᠣA fewᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠManyᠮᠠᡶᠠAncestral, grandfatherᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠManchuᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᠰᠠManchusᠮᡳᠨᡳMyᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨChineseᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠPersonᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳSpringᠣᠴᡳIs (conditional of ᠣᠮᠪᡳ - to become)᠊ᠣᡥᠣBecame (past tense of ᠣᠮᠪᡳ - to become)᠊ᠰᠠPlural markerᠰᡳᡴᠰᡝYesterdayᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝPresent/future tense of ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ (to study)ᡨᡝNowᡨᡝᡵᡝThatᡨᡠᠪᠠᡩᡝThereᡠᡩᠠᡥᠠPast tense of ᡠᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ (to buy)ᠸᡝWho................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Grammar Nouns Manchu nouns have number and case but do not really have gender. Nouns can consist solely of a stem such as 〈ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ〉 (book), are formed by adding suffixes to other words, or be formed by adding two nouns together such as 〈ᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᡝᠣ〉 (brothers). The most common suffixes that can be added to words to form nouns include: Note, there are three hyphens between the stem and suffix in these examples, as well as a single hyphen before all suffixes. ........................................................................................................................Suffixes used with verb stems Examples ᠊ᠨᡨᠠᠴ᠊᠊᠊ᠨ – Learning. From the verb stem ᡨᠠᠴᡳ᠊᠊‍ᠮᠪᡳ (to study)᠊ᡤᠠᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡤᡝᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡤᠣᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᠠᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᡝᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᠣᠨ ᠨᡳᡵᡠ᠊᠊᠊ᡤᠠᠨ – Drawing. From the verb stem ᠨᡳᡵᡠᠮ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to draw)᠊ᡴᡠ᠈ ᠊ᡴᡡᠠᠨᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᡴᡡ - Key. From the verb stem ᠠᠨᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to push)᠊ᠴᡠᠨᠪᡠᠶᡝ᠊᠊᠊ᠴᡠᠨ - Love. From the verb stem ᠪᡠᠶᡝ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to love)Suffixes used with nouns and verbsExamples᠊ᠰᡳᡠᠰᡳ᠊᠊ᠰᡳ – Farmer. From the noun ᡠᠰᡳᠨ (field)᠊ᠴᡳᠠᡩᡠ᠊᠊᠊ᠴᡳ - Herdsman. From the noun ᠠᡩᡠᠨ (herd)᠊ᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠯᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠮᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠨᠵᡠᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣ᠊᠊᠊ᠵᡳ – Host. From the noun ᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣᠨ (family)........................................................................................................................ Grammar Nouns Note: The examples below have three hyphens between the stem and suffix, where it applies, and one hyphen before all lone suffixes. Manchu nouns have number and case but do not really have gender. Nouns can consist solely of a stem such as 〈ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ〉 (book), are formed by adding suffixes to other words, or be formed by adding two nouns together such as 〈ᠠᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᡝᠣ〉 (brothers). The most common suffixes that can be added to words to form nouns include: ........................................................................................................................Suffixes used with verb stems Examples ᠊ᠨᡨᠠᠴ᠊᠊᠊ᠨ – Learning. From the verb stem ᡨᠠᠴᡳ᠊᠊‍ᠮᠪᡳ (to study)᠊ᡤᠠᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡤᡝᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡤᠣᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᠠᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᡝᠨ᠈ ᠊ᡥᠣᠨ ᠨᡳᡵᡠ᠊᠊᠊ᡤᠠᠨ – Drawing. From the verb stem ᠨᡳᡵᡠᠮ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to draw)᠊ᡴᡠ᠈ ᠊ᡴᡡᠠᠨᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᡴᡡ - Key. From the verb stem ᠠᠨᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to push)᠊ᠴᡠᠨᠪᡠᠶᡝ᠊᠊᠊ᠴᡠᠨ - Love. From the verb stem ᠪᡠᠶᡝ᠊᠊᠊ᠮᠪᡳ (to love)Suffixes used with nouns and verbsExamples᠊ᠰᡳᡠᠰᡳ᠊᠊ᠰᡳ – Farmer. From the noun ᡠᠰᡳᠨ (field)᠊ᠴᡳᠠᡩᡠ᠊᠊᠊ᠴᡳ - Herdsman. From the noun ᠠᡩᡠᠨ (herd)᠊ᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠯᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠮᠵᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠨᠵᡠᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣ᠊᠊᠊ᠵᡳ – Host. From the noun ᠪᠣᡳᡤᠣᠨ (family)........................................................................................................................ Note: of the above suffixes, the suffixes ᠊ᡴᡠ᠈ ᠊ᡴᡡ are used for instruments, the suffix ᠊ᠴᡠᠨ is used for abstract concepts, and the suffixes ᠊ᠰᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠴᡳ᠈ and ᠊ᠵᡳ are used to denote people by what they do (Gorelova, M. P.198). When adding suffixes to nouns, the final 〈᠊ᠨ〉 is often dropped. Gender of Manchu Nouns Nouns usually do not have gender, although some obviously masculine nouns have masculine vowels, while feminine nouns have feminine vowels, e.g. ᡥᠠᡥᠠ (man), ᡥᡝᡥᡝ (woman), ᠠᠮᠠ (father) and ᡝᠮᡝ (mother). Number: There are several ways to express the plural in Manchu: Through the use of the suffix ᠊ᠰᠠ 〔᠊ᠰᡝ᠈ ᠊ᠰᠣ᠈ ᠊ᠰᡳ〕 E.g. ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ᠊᠊᠊ᠰᠠ - Manchus Through use of one of the suffixes ᠊ᡨᠠ᠈ ᠊ᡨᡝ᠈ ᠊ᡵᡳ This is mostly used for family relationships (note final 〈᠊ᠨ〉 is often omitted). E.g. ᠮᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᡨᠠ - fathers The suffix '-ri' is only used with a few words. E.g. ᠮᠠᡶᠠ᠊᠊᠊ᡵᡳ - grandfathers/ancestors Through the use of adjectives like ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ (many/all), ᡝᡳᡨᡝᠨ (all), ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (a myriad) or verbally with ᡤᡝᠮᡠ (all) E.g. ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ - The myriad things Case Manchu has five different cases. Cases can be attached to the proceeding noun or written separately: Nominative (no suffix). This is the natural case and has no suffix. E.g. ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ - book Genitive 〔᠊ᡳ᠈ ᠊ᠨᡳ after ᠊ᠩ〕. This case is used to show the possessive. The suffix ᠊ᡳ 〔᠊ᠨᡳ〕 can also be used for instrumental case which shows the means or cause of which something happens. E.g. ᡝᡵᡝ ᠣᠴᡳ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡳ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ - This is my mother's book (Possessive) E.g. ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ ᡳᠯᡥᠠ - The fatherland's flowers (Possessive) E.g. ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ - To write by means of Manchu (Instrumental) Dative/Locative 〔᠊ᡩᡝ〕. This case is used to show location or direction (at/to). E.g. Direction: ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ ᡤᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ - He went to Harbin (Dative) E.g. Location: ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ ᡩᡝ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᠰᠠ ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠHarbin de manjusa labdu - There are many Manchus in Harbin (Locative) E.g. ᡤᡝᠮᡠᠨ ᡥᡝᠴᡝᠨ(Beijing) ᡩᡝ ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᡥᠠ - In Beijing spring has arrived Accusative 〔᠊ᠪᡝ〕. This case is used to make a noun the direct object of an action. E.g. ᡳ ᡝᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠪᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡩᡝ ᠪᡠᡥᠠ - He gave this book to my mother E.g. ᡨᡝ ᠮᡳᠨᡳ ᡝᠮᡝ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳᡩᠠᡵᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ - Now my mother studies Manchu everyday. E.g. ᠪᡝ ᠮᠠᡶᠠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡥᠠᡳᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ - We love the fatherland Ablative 〔᠊ᠴᡳ〕. This case is used to show point of departure or for comparison. E.g. ᠣᠩᡤᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠴᡳ ᠵᡳᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ - The people who came from Mongolia (Point of departure) E.g. ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠴᡳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠵᠠ - Manchu is easier than Chinese (Comparison) E.g. ᡝᠮᡠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᠴᡳ ᡝᠮᡠ ᡳᠨᡝᠩᡤᡳ ᡥᠠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ ᠣᡥᠣ - Each day is hotter than the one before (Comparison) Lesson 1 (Pronunciation) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 3 (Pronouns)