Láadan/Lessons/8

Láadan The Instrument marker and the Location marker (per/by means of, at) Previous Page Next Page The Instrument marker: -nan [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S (CP-O) CP-Instrument] This is similar to “with” or “per”, denoting a tool being used to accomplish a task. The suffix is “-nan”. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi yod le wa. I am eating. yod = to eat Bíi yod le bathanan wa. I am eating with a fork. batha = fork Bíi yod le thuzheth bathanan wa. I am eating cake with a fork. thuzh = cake The Location markers: -ha and -ya [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Time/CP-Place] Similar to the English preposition "at", there are two location markers. "-ha" specifies a location in space, and "-ya" specifies a location in time. If more precision is required, a postposition can be added after the "-ha"/"-ya", such as "obée" for "during". These postpositions never change their form and cannot take affixes. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi eril hal le hohaleha wa. I worked at the office. eril = past, hal = work, hohal = office Bíi aril hal le háasháaleya wa. I will work at morning. aril = later, háasháal = morning Bíi hal le náaleya obée wa. I work during the night. náal = night, obée = during Notes