History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/John Hesketh/Notes

3 John Hesketh - Transcriptions and notes Key article copies More detailed advice of Hesketh appointment with brief biography and duty statement COLONIAL INTERESTS. (By Cable Message.) QUEENSLAND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. LONDON, April 15. Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer to the Borough of Blackpool, has been appointed electrical engineer, to the Queensland Government. He sails for Queensland by the R.M.S. Jumna. On inquiry from the Postmaster-General, we learn that Mr. John Hesketh was selected from amongst seventy-five applications received from various parts of the United Kingdom, America, and the Continent. The applications were dealt with by the Agent-General, under the advice of Sir Thomas McIlwraith and that of Mr. W. H. Preece, Englneer-in-Chief and Electrician to the Government Department, London. Mr. Hesketh, be-sides being electrical engineer to the Borough of Blackpool, Lancashire, is a member of the newly-formed Municipal Electrical Association, and one of the Executive Committee for the first annual convention to be held in London under the auspices of the association on 10th June next. Queensland has now something like 10,000 miles of electrical line, and nearly 18,000 miles of wire, with 365 telegraph stations In operation, besides several telephone exchanges and a number of short cable systems. It has been felt by the Postmaster-General for some time past that the services of a thoroughly trained electrical engineer were necessary, to advise the Government on a number of points, and to supervise the valuable plant belonging to the colony, and accordingly the sum of £300 was placed on the current year's Estimates as six months' salary for an electrical engineer, at £600 per annum. Applications were invited, as above stated, and it is believed that the Government have secured a first-class officer. His duties, as described in the advertisement, are:— To advise the department upon all matters connected with the telegraph, telephone, and cable systems, the purchase and testing of all material, the introduction of new and improved methods or instruments, the training of officers, and generally on the economical working of the service. He will also be required to advise the Government upon all questions relating to electric lighting and motive power, whether the installation be by the Government, or by municipal authorities, or by private companies.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3623585 COLONIAL INTERESTS The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 17 April 1896 3 March 2020 5 Trove Biography and future plan of action for Hesketh from "Queensland Electric Telegraph Gazette," SKETCHER. The Government Electrical Engineer. The recent arrival of Mr. John Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.I.E., marks an important stage of the development of the electric telegraph system in Queensland. The pressing need for the adoption of the most advanced and economical methods of working in order to reduce the cost of maintaining telegraphic communication through the immense area under their control, as well as the prospect of wider use of electricity as a lighting and motive power, induced the Government to seek the assistance of an electrical engineer of undoubted ability and experience in the headquarters of electrical science, with the result that Mr. John Hesketh was chosen for the position out of seventy applicants by Mr. W. H. Preece, an electrician whose world-wide fame makes his opinion the most valuable that could be obtained, and his recommendation at once decided the Government to offer to Mr. Hesketh the post of Government Electrical Engineer in Queensland. From the last issue of the "Queensland Electric Telegraph Gazette," to which we are also indebted for the loan of the portrait block here published, we take the subjoined particulars of Mr. Hesketh's professional career:— Mr. John Hesketh joined the postal telegraph service in the year 1880, and was stationed at Lancashire. He was transferred to Newcastle three years later. It was due to the progress he had made that he was here transferred to the testing branch. In this city he had the advantage of the science training at the Science School and the Durham College of Science. He was still in the testing branch when the first trials were made in high speed working; and, as test clerk, frequently had the adjusting and working of instru-ments when a speed of 600 words per minute was attained. The trial of copper wire for telegraphic purposes was also made between Newcastle and London while he was test clerk at the former place. Desiring other fields to conquer, the subject of our sketch joined the Engineering Department under Mr. Heaviside. Having now greater scope for his abilities, he organised and taught technological classes in telegraphy, telephony, and submarine mining. The telephone system was, about this time, in course of alteration, and Mr. Hesketh was fortunate enough to see all the transition work from the old system to the new multiple system. He appears to have had an insatiable desire to keep abreast of modern improvements and inventions in his profession, and took part in the first trials of the Synchronous Multiplex. He left the engineering branch of the Telegraph Department to join the Electrical Supply Company, still under Mr. Heaviside as consulting engineer. He remained with this company from the commencement of their works in 1889 until August, 1892, when he was appointed electrical engineer to the Blackpool Corporation. Whilst occupying this position, he organised and carried out the whole of the admirable electric lighting system of this borough, with extensions, and for a time had the working of the electrical tramways under his control. Mr. Hesketh joined the Institute of Electrical Engineers in the year 1890; and that of the Civil Engineers in 1895, having the honour of being proposed for the latter society by Lord Kelvin, the jubilee of whose professorship was recently celebrated by the University of Glasgow. On the formation of the Northern Society of Electrical Engineers, in which Mr. Hesketh assisted, he became a member of its council, and read the first paper. He was also elected a member of the council of the Municipal Electrical Association, for the first annual convention of which society, recently held, he also wrote a paper. The Electrical Engineer commenced the duties of his new position by issuing the first few of a series of technical instructions. His attention has also been engaged with the Electric Lighting Bill now before Parliament. He has Initiated a fresh system of testing, which came into operation last month, and is carried out daily on all lines terminating in Brisbane. Needless to say, many rumours are current concerning alterations alleged to have been recommended by the Eleotrical Engineer. This we do know: He abhors the sight of an ink-writer and considers no operator expert unless he is better at sound than sight reading. Therefore, we may hope before long to take our proper place in the ranks of the telegraph world by dispensing with those aids to inaccuracy and inefficiency. (Photo Caption Start) Mr. John Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., Electrical Engineer to the Queensland Government. (Photo Caption End)http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20765067 THE SKETCHER The Queenslander Queensland, Australia 3 October 1896 17 March 2020 645 Trove Non-chronological material 1850s 1850 1850 01 1850 02 1850 03 1850 04 1850 05 1850 06 1850 07 1850 08 1850 09 1850 10 1850 11 1850 12 1851 1851 01 1851 02 1851 03 1851 04 1851 05 1851 06 1851 07 1851 08 1851 09 1851 10 1851 11 1851 12 1852 1852 01 1852 02 1852 03 1852 04 1852 05 1852 06 1852 07 1852 08 1852 09 1852 10 1852 11 1852 12 1853 1853 01 1853 02 1853 03 1853 04 1853 05 1853 06 1853 07 1853 08 1853 09 1853 10 1853 11 1853 12 1854 1854 01 1854 02 1854 03 1854 04 1854 05 1854 06 1854 07 1854 08 1854 09 1854 10 1854 11 1854 12 1855 1855 01 1855 02 1855 03 1855 04 1855 05 1855 06 1855 07 1855 08 1855 09 1855 10 1855 11 1855 12 1856 1856 01 1856 02 1856 03 1856 04 1856 05 1856 06 1856 07 1856 08 1856 09 1856 10 1856 11 1856 12 1857 1857 01 1857 02 1857 03 1857 04 1857 05 1857 06 1857 07 1857 08 1857 09 1857 10 1857 11 1857 12 1858 1858 01 1858 02 1858 03 1858 04 1858 05 1858 06 1858 07 1858 08 1858 09 1858 10 1858 11 1858 12 1859 1859 01 1859 02 1859 03 1859 04 1859 05 1859 06 1859 07 1859 08 1859 09 1859 10 1859 11 1859 12 1860s 1860 1860 01 1860 02 1860 03 1860 04 1860 05 1860 06 1860 07 1860 08 1860 09 1860 10 1860 11 1860 12 1861 1861 01 1861 02 1861 03 1861 04 1861 05 1861 06 1861 07 1861 08 1861 09 1861 10 1861 11 1861 12 1862 1862 01 1862 02 1862 03 1862 04 1862 05 1862 06 1862 07 1862 08 1862 09 1862 10 1862 11 1862 12 1863 1863 01 1863 02 1863 03 1863 04 1863 05 1863 06 1863 07 1863 08 1863 09 1863 10 1863 11 1863 12 1864 1864 01 1864 02 1864 03 1864 04 1864 05 1864 06 1864 07 1864 08 1864 09 1864 10 1864 11 1864 12 1865 1865 01 1865 02 1865 03 1865 04 1865 05 1865 06 1865 07 1865 08 1865 09 1865 10 1865 11 1865 12 1866 1866 01 1866 02 1866 03 1866 04 1866 05 1866 06 1866 07 1866 08 1866 09 1866 10 1866 11 1866 12 1867 1867 01 1867 02 1867 03 1867 04 1867 05 1867 06 1867 07 1867 08 1867 09 1867 10 1867 11 1867 12 1868 1868 01 1868 02 1868 03 1868 04 1868 05 1868 06 1868 07 1868 08 1868 09 1868 10 1868 11 1868 12 1869 1869 01 1869 02 1869 03 1869 04 1869 05 1869 06 1869 07 1869 08 1869 09 1869 10 1869 11 1869 12 1870s 1870 1870 01 1870 02 1870 03 1870 04 1870 05 1870 06 1870 07 1870 08 1870 09 1870 10 1870 11 1870 12 1871 1871 01 1871 02 1871 03 1871 04 1871 05 1871 06 1871 07 1871 08 1871 09 1871 10 1871 11 1871 12 1872 1872 01 1872 02 1872 03 1872 04 1872 05 1872 06 1872 07 1872 08 1872 09 1872 10 1872 11 1872 12 1873 1873 01 1873 02 1873 03 1873 04 1873 05 1873 06 1873 07 1873 08 1873 09 1873 10 1873 11 1873 12 1874 1874 01 1874 02 1874 03 1874 04 1874 05 1874 06 1874 07 1874 08 1874 09 1874 10 1874 11 1874 12 1875 1875 01 1875 02 1875 03 1875 04 1875 05 1875 06 1875 07 1875 08 1875 09 1875 10 1875 11 1875 12 1876 1876 01 1876 02 1876 03 1876 04 1876 05 1876 06 1876 07 1876 08 1876 09 1876 10 1876 11 1876 12 1877 1877 01 1877 02 1877 03 1877 04 1877 05 1877 06 1877 07 1877 08 1877 09 1877 10 1877 11 1877 12 1878 1878 01 1878 02 1878 03 1878 04 1878 05 1878 06 1878 07 1878 08 1878 09 1878 10 1878 11 1878 12 1879 1879 01 1879 02 1879 03 1879 04 1879 05 1879 06 1879 07 1879 08 1879 09 1879 10 1879 11 1879 12 1880s 1880 1880 01 1880 02 1880 03 1880 04 1880 05 1880 06 1880 07 1880 08 1880 09 1880 10 1880 11 1880 12 1881 1881 01 1881 02 1881 03 1881 04 1881 05 1881 06 1881 07 1881 08 1881 09 1881 10 1881 11 1881 12 1882 1882 01 1882 02 1882 03 1882 04 1882 05 1882 06 1882 07 1882 08 1882 09 1882 10 1882 11 1882 12 1883 1883 01 1883 02 1883 03 1883 04 1883 05 1883 06 1883 07 1883 08 1883 09 1883 10 1883 11 1883 12 1884 1884 01 1884 02 1884 03 1884 04 1884 05 1884 06 1884 07 1884 08 1884 09 1884 10 1884 11 1884 12 1885 1885 01 1885 02 1885 03 1885 04 1885 05 1885 06 1885 07 1885 08 1885 09 1885 10 1885 11 1885 12 1886 1886 01 1886 02 1886 03 1886 04 1886 05 1886 06 1886 07 1886 08 1886 09 1886 10 1886 11 1886 12 1887 1887 01 1887 02 1887 03 1887 04 1887 05 1887 06 1887 07 1887 08 1887 09 1887 10 1887 11 1887 12 1888 1888 01 1888 02 1888 03 1888 04 1888 05 1888 06 1888 07 1888 08 1888 09 1888 10 1888 11 1888 12 1889 1889 01 1889 02 1889 03 1889 04 1889 05 1889 06 1889 07 1889 08 1889 09 1889 10 1889 11 1889 12 1890s 1890 1890 01 1890 02 1890 03 1890 04 1890 05 1890 06 1890 07 1890 08 1890 09 1890 10 1890 11 1890 12 1891 1891 01 1891 02 1891 03 1891 04 1891 05 1891 06 1891 07 1891 08 1891 09 1891 10 1891 11 1891 12 1892 1892 01 1892 02 1892 03 1892 04 1892 05 1892 06 1892 07 1892 08 1892 09 1892 10 1892 11 1892 12 1893 1893 01 1893 02 1893 03 1893 04 1893 05 1893 06 1893 07 1893 08 1893 09 1893 10 1893 11 1893 12 1894 1894 01 1894 02 1894 03 1894 04 1894 05 1894 06 1894 07 1894 08 1894 09 1894 10 1894 11 1894 12 1895 1895 01 1895 02 1895 03 1895 04 1895 05 1895 06 1895 07 Provision made by Queensland Government for salary of an electrical engineer for 6 months ESTIMATES FOB 1895-6. PROBABLE WAYS AND MEANS. . . . POSTMASTER-GENERAL. The estimate under the head of Postmaster-General has been reduced from £307,059 for 1894-5 to £295,235 for 1895-6, or a total reduction of £11,824. There has been an increase under the head of salaries of £14,606. The office of an electrical engineer for six months at a yearly salary of £600 has been provided for, and the increase also includes £5446, items hitherto paid out of contingencies, by the Savings Bank for country branches, and out of the vote for country post offices. The balance of the increase is made up by increased salaries and salaries to extra officials, who total seven more than those of the previous year. The item conveyance of mails is reduced by £20,600. Of that sum £19,800 is accounted for by the disappearance of the vote for mail service, via Torres Straits, which now figures in the Treasury estimates. The cost of conveyance of mails via Adelaide and San Francisco has been reduced from £12,500 to £11,600, while the gratuities to masters of vessels conveying mails has been increased by £100. There has been a reduction under the head of miscellaneous services of £5800. Tha following are the reductions:— Country post offices and receiving offices, £2500; mail bags, instruments, horse feed, uniforms, overtime, &c., £2000; fuel, light, and water, £300; stores and stationery, £1000. In the meteorological branch there has been a reduction of £30.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3606390 ESTIMATES FOB 1895-6. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 24 July 1895 7 March 2020 6 Trove Explaining the need for engagement of an expert electrical engineer Budget Speech. By Colonial Treasurer. Legislative Assembly. Yesterday Afternoon. In the Legislative Assembly yesterday afternoon, the Colonial Treasurer delivered the annual financial statement. Mr. Nelson, who was cheered on rising, said:— Mr. Annear,— Hon. members will no doubt have accepted the fact of the financial statement being made this year in Committee of Suppiy as a notice that no change is contemplated in our ways and means or otherwise in respect to our mode of raising revenue, whether by Customs or Excise. We have had a fairly prosperous year, and there are unmistakable indications of a satisfactory expansion in our general trade and commerce; but I think it would be premature to jump at any precipitate conclusion that we are therefore in a position to justify us in making any radical changes in our present fiscal system. (Mr. Glassey: "Hear, hear; quite right.") We are not yet so far out of the wood that we can begin to halloo, and it seems to me that the polioy we have pursued for the last three years, and which, I may say, has been almost forced upon us by the exigencies of the times — namely, that of strict and careful supervision of our finances, is one that is still imperatively required. I consider that it is sound finance in the existing circumstances of the colony to disturb as little as possible the fiscal arrangements which, so far, have enabled us at any rate to square our revenue and expenditure. Theoretically taxes are imposed for one year only, but it has been discovered that to revise and make changes in our Customs revenue every year would be so disastrous to the trade of the country that that theory has long been out of practice. The interests of the commercial community are considered of greater importance than the mere carrying out of a theory; accordingly it has become the established practice to allow taxation to remain undisturbed until the interests of the colony absolutely require some alteration. I trust, therefore, that the committee will agree with me that for the present our best course is to let well alone. Many suggestions have been laid before me as to how the Customs tariff might be improved, and I am free to admit that it contains some anomalies. I have carefully noted all the amendments that have been laid before me, and when the time arrives for a thorough revision of our fiscal policy they will be duly presented to the committee. Another reason weighs forcibly with me in regard to this matter — that is, the uncertainty of the action that may be taken in the mother colony, where an almost complete reversal of the existing Customs tariff is at this moment hanging in the balance — (Mr. Reid: "It is settled now.") — and it occurs to me that it may be as well to patiently wait until our next Parliament meets before we take any steps in the way of important changes. It may, on the one hand, be necessary for us in our own interests to protect our own trade, or, on the other hand, if a liberal policy is pursued in New South Wales, to do our best to reciprocate with our neighbour. (Labour members: "Hear, hear.") REVENUE ESTIMATES FOR 1894-5 AND RESULTS. Leaving that subject for the present, I shall now, in pursuance of the course which is usually adopted, take a short review of our transactions during the year which closed at the end of last month. Let us first, therefore, compare the revenue which was estimated for that year with the receipts that were actually realised. I need not trouble the committee with minute details upon this subject, as they will find it set forth in the first of the Treasury tables, but it may be as well to refer to one or two of the most prominent features connected with this view of the case, in order that we may see in what particulars the forecast of last year has or has not been realised. The total amount estimated for the year 1894-5 as available revenue was £3,350,086. The actual receipts amounted to £3,413,172, showing that our anticipations were not only fulfilled but were exceeded by the sum of £63,086; the principal increases being in the following items, namely:— Customs, which shows a surplus over the estimate of £44,662, and over the receipts of the previous year of £59,023. Railways were estimated to give us £936,680; they actually produced £977,289, showing a surplus over the estimate of £40,639, and over last year's actual receipts of £46,236. There appears also in the matter of excise an increase over the estimate of £16,015, but as the excise upon tobacco was imposed by the House subsequent to the framing of the estimates, and as the rough estimate of revenue to be derived from that additional impost was stated at £15,000, you will observe that the estimate and the actual receipts come very near to each other. Taking the receipts in the gross you will find that the amount actually paid into the Treasury exceeds the receipts of the previous year by £180,565. On the other hand, one or two of our sources of revenue did not come up to the actual receipts of the previous year, notably our territorial revenue, which fell short by the sum of £20,249; the miscellaneous receipts also show a decrease of £40,794, the gross decreases from all sources of revenue being £110,461. . . . Electrical Engineer. There are now in use in Queensland over 10,000 miles of telegraph line, with about 18,000 miles of wire, besides several short submarine cables, and six telephone exchanges. While it is undoubtedly desirable that every facility which the country can afford should be given for telegraphic communication over our large territory, successive Governments have felt embarrassed in their desire for its extension by the want of elasticity in telegraph returns. The rates upon messages are low, considering the great distance for which they may be transmitted; but it is not from any scheme of increased rates that improvement is to be looked for. It is rather from a wider extension of our telegraph system, with more economical methods of management and the introduction of apparatus and material of the most approved quality, that we can anticipate much improvement in that branch of revenue. It is in the hope that, by a thorough examination of our present system by a competent electrical engineer, and by the introduction of some less expensive but equally efficient method of working, the colony may without undue strain upon the revenue, be enabled to extend the existing lines to a larger number of settlements, that the Government now propose to secure the services of a suitable officer for the purpose, and provision has been made on the estimates accordinglyhttp://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172674815 Budget Speech The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 26 July 1895 7 March 2020 7 Trove Hesketh neither recruited nor landed, but already being lined up for tasks COMMUNICATION WITH CAPE MORETON. Mr. Nelson stated with regard to telegraphic communication with Cape Moreton that it had been decided to adopt the route recommended by the department, which is as follows:— From Cleveland a new submarine cable of the best type, with a core specially protected from the attacks, of the toredo and other destructive marine insects by a brass taping, which has been ordered from England, will be laid direct to Dunwich. This, in addition to the existing cable from Cleveland to Dunwich, via Peel Island, will provide duplicate cables from the mainland to Dunwich. Thence there will be the existing land line to Amity Point, which has already been put in good order. From Amity Point to Moreton Island there are duplicate cables, both in good working order. On Moreton Island the line now on the beach, which has caused from its exposed position so much trouble during heavy weather, and has been the cause of the frequent interruptions that have been complained of, will be removed further inland, a suitable route having been found through sheltered country. The line on Moreton Island will be built with iron poles to resist the bush fires that so frequently prevail during the summer, and a suitable copper wire will be used, possessing greater conductivity, and not subject to deterioration from exposure to saline influences. It has been estimated that the cost of those improvements will not exceed £3500. (If, as stated by the Treasurer in a subsequent portion of his speech, the Government propose to appoint an electrical engineer, it might be desirable, in view of the very conflicting opinions regarding this line, to get a report from that officer before proceeding with the work.— Ed.)http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3606574 THE PORT OF MORETON BAY. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 27 July 1895 7 March 2020 6 Trove 1895 08 1895 09 1895 10 1895 11 1895 12 1896 1896 01 1896 02 1896 03 1896 04 Apparent first announcement of appointment of John Hesketh as Qld Electrical Engineer A Queensland Appointment. LONDON, April 15.— Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer of the borough of Blackpool, Lancashire, has been appointed engineer to the Queensland Government, and will sail for Brisbane in the Royal Mail steamer Jumna.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article108775913 A Queensland Appointment. Evening News New South Wales, Australia 16 April 1896 3 March 2020 5 Trove More detailed advice of Hesketh appointment with brief biography and duty statement COLONIAL INTERESTS. (By Cable Message.) QUEENSLAND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. LONDON, April 15. Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer to the Borough of Blackpool, has been appointed electrical engineer, to the Queensland Government. He sails for Queensland by the R.M.S. Jumna. On inquiry from the Postmaster-General, we learn that Mr. John Hesketh was selected from amongst seventy-five applications received from various parts of the United Kingdom, America, and the Continent. The applications were dealt with by the Agent-General, under the advice of Sir Thomas McIlwraith and that of Mr. W. H. Preece, Englneer-in-Chief and Electrician to the Government Department, London. Mr. Hesketh, be-sides being electrical engineer to the Borough of Blackpool, Lancashire, is a member of the newly-formed Municipal Electrical Association, and one of the Executive Committee for the first annual convention to be held in London under the auspices of the association on 10th June next. Queensland has now something like 10,000 miles of electrical line, and nearly 18,000 miles of wire, with 365 telegraph stations In operation, besides several telephone exchanges and a number of short cable systems. It has been felt by the Postmaster-General for some time past that the services of a thoroughly trained electrical engineer were necessary, to advise the Government on a number of points, and to supervise the valuable plant belonging to the colony, and accordingly the sum of £300 was placed on the current year's Estimates as six months' salary for an electrical engineer, at £600 per annum. Applications were invited, as above stated, and it is believed that the Government have secured a first-class officer. His duties, as described in the advertisement, are:— To advise the department upon all matters connected with the telegraph, telephone, and cable systems, the purchase and testing of all material, the introduction of new and improved methods or instruments, the training of officers, and generally on the economical working of the service. He will also be required to advise the Government upon all questions relating to electric lighting and motive power, whether the installation be by the Government, or by municipal authorities, or by private companies.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3623585 COLONIAL INTERESTS The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 17 April 1896 3 March 2020 5 Trove As previous, a few further details Electrical Engineer. Hesketh for Queensland. London, April 16. Mr. Hesketh, electrical engineer for the borough of Blackpool, has been appointed electrical engineer to the Queensland Government. He sails for Brisbane by the B.I.S.N. Company's steamer Jumna on May 21. Provision was made in the estimates last year for the appointment, with a salary of £600 a year, and applications were invited for the position. There were 70 applications, and the Agent-General was instructed to act. The Government have received a cable confirming our message.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172424063 Electrical Engineer. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 17 April 1896 3 March 2020 2 Trove 1896 05 Hesketh departs England, further details of background and duties Electrical Engineer. Passenger by the Jumna. Duties of the New Officer. Projected New Telegraph Lines. Mr. John Hesketh, who has just been appointed electrical engineer of the Post and Telegraph Department, an office for which provision was made in the estimates last session, left London by the Jumna on May 20, and will arrive in Brisbane towards the end of June or the beginning of July. Mr. Hesketh, who has for some time held the post of borough engineer at Blackpool, the noted Lancashire watering place, where a very efficient electric lighting system is in operation, was chosen for the Queensland Government by Mr. Preece, of the London office, in conjunction with the acting Agent-General, and the appointment was notified by cable some few days ago. It is the intention of the Government to proceed next session with the bill promised some time ago to place control of electric lighting and power in the hands of the department. The duties of the electrical engineer, who will be an officer of the Post and Telegraph Department, will be chiefly to advise the department upon all matters connected with the telegraph, telephone, and cable systems, the purchase and testing of materials, the introduction of new or improved methods or instruments, the training of officers, and generally in the economical working of the service. Mr. Hesketh will also be required to advise the Government upon all questions relating to electric lighting and motive power, whether the installation be by the Government, or by municipal authorities, or by private companies or persons. He will not be at liberty to practise as an engineer privately except with the consent of the Postmaster-General. A clause in the Civil Service Act provides against outside practice absolutely, in the event of a second consulting engineer establishing in the city. From the report of a discussion by the Institute of Northern Engineers, which we have seen, Mr. Hesketh appears to enjoy a high reputation amongst his confreres.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174314981 Electrical Engineer. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 29 May 1896 3 March 2020 5 Trove As previous, further detail The Courier's London correspondent writes as follows:— I hand you some particulars of the career of Mr. John Hesketh, borough electrical engineer, Blackpool, who has been appointed to the Queensland Government. Mr. Hesketh's qualifications are exceptionally high. Blackpool was the first town to adopt electrical trams in England and public arc-lighting, and has now the largest provincial installation of arc-lightning and private supply in the kingdom. Mr. Hesketh has been there four years, having complete charge of the whole system during that time. He has had fifteen years' experience in the practical application of electricity in the Telegraph and Telephone Department at Newcastle, with submarine mining in the Tyne division of the Royal Engineers. Mr. Hesketh is 29 years of age, and is A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., and member of council of the Northern Society of Electrical Engineers, and member of the council of Municipal Electrical Engineers. Your Government electrical engineer has just been married, and proceeds to Queensland by the Jumna, sailing in May. His salary is to be £600 a year for three years, with travelling expenses, and right of private practice, with the permission of the Postmaster-General.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146987719 MR. REID AND MR. TOZER. Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay And Burnett Advertiser Queensland, Australia 28 May 1896 3 March 2020 2 Trove Mostly duplicates previous but with some omitted details The London correspondent of the Brisbane Courier writes as follows:— "I hand you some particulars of the career of Mr. John Hesketh, borough electrical engineer, Blackpool, who has been appointed electrical engineer to the Queensland Government. Mr. Hesketh's qualifications are exceptionally high. Blackpool was the first town to adopt electrical trams in England and public arc-lighting, and has now the largest provincial installation of arc-lighting and private supply in the kingdom. Mr. Hesketh has been there four years, having complete charge of the whole system during that time. He has had fifteen years' experience in the practical application of electricity in the Telegraph and Telephone Department at Newcastle, with submarine mining in the Tyne division of the Royal Engineers. Mr. Hesketh is twenty-nine years of age, and is A.M.I.C.E. M.I.EE., and member of council of the Northern Society of Electrical Engineers, and member of the council of Municipal Electrical Engineers. Your Government electrical engineer has just been married, and proceeds to Queensland by the Jumna, sailing in May. His salary is to be £600 a year for three years with travelling expenses, and right of private practice, with the permission of the Postmaster-General." The British Australasian says there were upwards of seventy-five applications for the position and describes Mr. Hesketh as "a gentleman of considerable attainments and wide experience in his profession."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52511474 TO-DAY (FRIDAY), MAY 29. Morning Bulletin Queensland, Australia 29 May 1896 3 March 2020 4 Trove 1896 06 1896 07 Monday, 6 July 1896 - RMS Jumna at Thursday Island Tuesday, 14 July 1896 - evening - RMS Jumna arrives Moreton Bay Wednesday, 15 July 1896 - 3.15 pm - RMS Jumna berths Norman wharf Thursday, 16 July 1896 - Hesketh interviewed by Telegraph reporter & inspects telephone exchange with Governor Friday, 17 July 1896 - Hesketh interviewed by Courier reporter & formally commences duties Hesketh presentation by the Electric Lighting Committee of the Blackpool Corporation QUEENSLAND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. Mr. J. Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., who left London by the steamer Jumna to take up his new appointment as electrical engineer to the Queensland Government, was, prior to his departure, presented with a handsome album by the Electric Lighting Committee of the Blackpool Corporation. The address to Mr. Hesketh is as follows:— "Dear sir, the members of the Electric Lighting Committee of the Corporation of Blackpool offer you their united congratulations upon your appointment as electrical engineer to the Government of Queensland, and at the same time express their sincere regret at your consquent resignation of the position of resident electrical engineer for the Borough of Blackpool, to which you were appointed in the month of July, 1892. During your tenure of office the electricity works of the corporation have been both commenced and enlarged, and the installation of the electric light for public and private purposes in the borough has been inaugurated and very greatly increased. The members of the committee, on the termination of your engagement with the corporation, desire to express their appreciation of your efforts and labour in their service, and of your general courtesy towards themselves personally. They also hope you may have a successful career in Queensland, and that Mrs. Hesketh and yourself may long enjoy health and happiness."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3629712 QUEENSLAND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 8 July 1896 7 March 2020 4 Trove Captain Saunders provides report of the progress of the RMS Jumna from London to Brisbane Q.R.M.S. Jumna. Arrival in Brisbane. Captain Saunders reports that "the Q.R.M.S. Jumna left the Royal Albert Docks, London, at 5 p.m. on May 20. Discharged the channel pilot off the Isle of Wight on May 21. Experienced fine weather across the Bay of Biscay and Mediteranean. Arrived at Port Said on June 2, left again the next morning after coaling. Entered the Suez Canal at 1 a.m. on June 3, and arrived in the Suez Roads at 7 p.m. same day, left again the same evening, and arrived at Aden on June 9. Received the English mail, and proceeded on the same day, arriving at Colombo on June 17. Coaled, and left again the next day, and reached Batavia on June 25. After discharging a small quantity of cargo and replenishing the bunkers, left again the next day. Called at Samarang and Sourabaya, and arrived at Thursday Island on July 6, and picked up the coast pilot and resumed the voyage, calling at the usual Queensland ports en route to Brisbane. Arrived in Moreton Bay on the evening of July 14, and was assisted up the river yesterday morning by the Boko, berthing at the Norman wharf at 3.15 p.m. the same day. The weather throughout the passage was fine, except after clearing Cape Guardafui, when a strong southwest monsoon was experienced."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174326415 Q.R.M.S. Jumna. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 16 July 1896 8 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh and wife arrive in Brisbane, Jumna docking at Norman Wharf at 3.15 pm Wednesday 15 July 1896 SHIPPING. Arrivals. July 15.— JUMNA, R.M.S., 5,192 tons, Captain Sanders, from London, via ports. Passengers: Mrs. Hesketh, Miss Barriball, Messrs. Hesketh, J. Burt, and 16 in the steerage. B.I. and Q.A. Company, Limited, managing agents.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174326315 SHIPPING. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 16 July 1896 7 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh's interviewed at length by a Telegraph reporter on his first full day in Qld, Thursday 16 July 1896 The following appeared in our Second Edition yesterday. (but not scanned for Trove - SSD) Government Electrician. Arrival of Mr. Hesketh. Interviewed on Thursday. Mr. J. Hesketh, the newly appointed electrical engineer to the Queensland Government, arrived in Brisbane by the R.M.S. Jumna on Wednesday, preparatory to taking up the duties of his office here. He called on the Under Secretary for the Post and Telegraph Department on Thursday morning, and had not been very long there when he was followed by a representative of the Telegraph. Mr. Hesketh, who is still a young man, expressed some surprise at being thus asked so early to give an account of himself, but after some preliminary conversation, during which he remarked that he had already found that Queenslanders were a very kind and good-natured people, and that he had had a beautifully fine passage from England, he prepared himself to be interviewed. About yourself, Mr. Hesketh? Well that is a very bad topic; I cannot talk about that at all. Ask me something else — about anything else. But Mr. Hesketh's modesty was shortly overcome, and he talked about himself after all. Where did you come from Mr. Hesketh? We have heard something about Blackpool in connection with your name. Yes, I had charge of the electrical works of the Blackpool Municipal Council, and had the pleasure, if you may so term it, of pulling the corporation works through their most troublesome times — till profits began to come in. I had charge of the electric lighting of the town, and also the electric tramways, both of which are conducted by the corporation. Blackpool is not entirely lit by electricity, but it possesses the most brilliantly lighted promenade quay in the United Kingdom. This promenade is 3 miles long, and is lighted by arc electric lamps placed 55 yards apart. The corporation also supplies to some extent electric lighting for domestic purposes. Before I went to Blackpool I was at New-castle in the employ of the Electric Supply Company there, having joined the company at the request of Mr. Heaviside, superintendent of the post and telegraphs of the district. With that gentleman I had been previously all the time in the telephone and telegraph department in its various brunches. For 17 years I was at Lytham, in Lancashire, where I started my electric career. As regards electric traction, Mr. Hesketh, you will probably have had experience in the various methods in use. What is the method principally in use in England? The latest system which has found favour in England is the Bristol overhead system, which has worked very well indeed. I think the overhead system of traction is the best. The difficulty is to get over the idea that the poles and wires are unsightly. Undoubtedly it is the best system, especially for country districts. If you wanted to extend the tramways from Brisbane to suburbs 3 or 4 miles out the conduit system would present many difficulties, while the overhead system would be easy and less costly. Comparing the electric method of traction with other methods, Mr. Hesketh, how do we stand then? The electric tramways are absolutely the first in the field. The low initial cost, as compared with other systems, and the fact that one generating station will supply power for several country lines, gives the electric system an immense advantage. It is certainly cheaper than the cable system, which must have a congested traffic before it can be made to pay. What do you think of the Thomson-Houston system which it is proposed to introduce into Brisbane? The Thomson-Houston system is a very good one indeed. I have seen the latest examples of their work at Havre and Rouen. There steep gradients are ascended at the rate of 25 miles an hour, and so completely are the cars under control that they can be stopped in case of accident or threatened accident within two car lengths, even on steep gradients. Concerning telephone work, what is new in this direction? Lately the trunk wires throughout the United Kingdom have been to a very great extent taken over by the Government. They are now talking about establishing telephone oonnection between London and Berlin, seeing that the London to Paris system has turned out so successfully. The tendency for the time at home is to improved efficiency all along the line and reduced rates. The system till recently has been to charge so much for each conversation at the telegraph exchanges, but it has been arranged to charge 6d. for each three minutes use of the instruments for all distances not over 50 miles. What instruments are used, and what is the system of arrangement with subscribers to the telephone exchange? In the department the Gar-Bell instrument has been adopted. Only the one type is used, and this is made by the department and supplied to subscribers. How do the charges run, Mr. Hesketh? The department provides the telephone, and for distances up to a quarter of a mile the charge is £8 per annum. For a mile it is £14. We have the advantage here, Mr. Hesketh. Our charge is £5 for the first mile, and 12s. 6d. for each additional mile, the subscriber providing his own telephone, which is kept in repair by the department for an annual charge of £1. Certainly you have. But I think it undoubtedly the best policy for the department to provide the instruments. It saves the trouble and annoyance which must follow when second-hand and indifferent instruments are used. A non-technical purchaser buys a telephone which works all right during certain conditions of the atmosphere, but it suddenly fails and he blames the department. In the course of further conversation Mr. Hesketh expressed in a very decided way his opinion that in such matters as public conveyance, lighting, &c., the users should receive the benefits which might accrue from their use, and all such works should be conducted by the municipalities.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174319212 Government Electrician. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 17 July 1896 8 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh attends telephone exchange inspection with the Governor on his first full day in Qld, Thursday 16 July 1896 Brisbane Telephone Exchange. Inspected by the Governor. His Excellency the Governor on Thursday paid a visit to the post office, and was shown over the telephone exchange by the Under Secretary, Mr. McDonnell. Mr. Hesketh, the new Government Electrician, was also present. The whole of the working of the exchange was explained by Mr. Watson, the officer in charge. His Excellency as much interested, and expressed himself as very pleased with what he had seen.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174316051 Brisbane Telephone Exchange. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 18 July 1896 8 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh interviewed in detail by Brisbane Courier reporter and most forthright on his views of electrical development, first formal day of work, Friday 16 July 1896 GOVERNMENT ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. ARRIVAL IN BRISBANE. LIGHTING AND TRAMWAYS. Among the passengers by the R.M.S. Jumna, which arrived on Wednesday, was Mr. Hesketh, the Government Electrical Engineer. Waited upon this morning by a "Courier" reporter, he was good enough to give some interesting information upon the subjects of electric lighting, electric tramways, and telephones as worked in England. Before touching upon these matters, he courteously explained, in answer to questions, that he commenced his professional career at the age of 17 at Lytham a small English town. Subsequently at the request of Mr. Heaviside, superintending engineer of the Post and Telegraphs in the Newcastle district, he entered the Electric Lighting Works at Newcastle. After some years valuable experience in the service of this department he went to the watering-place of Blackpool, where, as engineer, he had charge of the Corporation Electric Lighting and Tramways. Latterly the tramways were handed over to another engineer, who combined the functions of working and consulting engineer. Mr. Hesketh then took over completely the electric lighting department. He occupied this position when he accepted his present post under the Queensland Government. Of his trip out he speaks in glowing terms. He enjoyed himself immensely, and, as he put it yesterday, the voyage was so smooth and pleasant that he had not even the chance of feeling sick. Speaking of Blackpool, he said there were sixty three and a-half miles of electric lighting there. Its splendid promenade is the most brilliantly lit thoroughfare in England. One unbroken line of are lamps light up this place of resort. Then the three piers along the front are similarly lit up with fortyfive are lamps, and in one of the public gardens alone night is almost turned into day by fifty lamps of that character. It therefore follows that Blackpool, whatever else it may lack, possesses abundance of light. Some of the private houses are lit by electricity, but so far that system of illumination has not made so much progress in the homes of the people. Both lighting and the working of the tramways are under the corporation. On this subject Mr. Hesketh said: "The whole history of electric lighting is one of developments. Everything is developing in the most wonderful manner in connection with it. The general tend-ency now strongly marked is towards the consolidation and municipalisation of lighting and tramways. All undertakings of this nature are being taken over by the municipal bodies. The day of small things is, of course, not despised, but it has practically passed in electric lighting and tramways. Small companies have no place at all except in pioneering, and as soon as their works begin to pay they are absorbed by the municipalities, which purchase them at a valuation generally mutually satisfactory." Asked what were the latest developments in tramways, he stated that the latest things in England are the overhead electric tramways at Bristol, Coventry, and Leeds, In each of which towns they are working satisfactorily. The Blackpool system is that known as the conduit or underground wire system. Comparing the two systems, he said, "When you once get used to the unsightliness of the overhead system, you readily appreciate its immense advantages. It is undoubtedly the the best system, especially for country districts. If, for instance, you wanted to extend the tramway line from Brisbane to suburbs three or four miles distant, it would be impracticable on the conduit system, while with the overhead system it would be easily done. The conduit would be impracticable on the score of the heavy expense. Not only that, in working tramways where the traffic is not dense overhead electric tramways are absolutely first in the field. The low initial cost and the fact that one generating station will supply power for several of these country lines gives this system immense advantage over any other. They are much more economical than the cable system, which is desirable only where there is congested traffic. The electric system is much cheaper, except in one or two cases, such as in the congested traffic of a very busy city." Asked what he thought of the system about to he introduced in Brisbane, he said: "The Thomson-Houston Company have a very good overhead system. The latest examples of it which I have seen were at Havre and Rouen, in France. In the latter town there are many steep gradients, but these trams travel up them at the rate of from twenty miles to twentyfive miles an hour, and one remarkable thing about them is that, though travelling at this comparatively high rate of speed, they are very often pulled up within two or three lengths. Accidents of any kind are very rare with this or any of the other overhead systems, and the instances which have occurred have been greatly exaggerated. In one case in which a man was supposed to have been killed by the electric current it was proved conclusively that at the time no electric current was on, and that the man was working under one of the cars to the light of a kerosene lamp." Mr. Hesketh expressed himself a strong believer in the municipalisation of electric lighting and tramways, and was somewhat surprised to hear that there were electric lighting companies in Brisbane which practically had no legal status. In his opinion this was a mistake. He did not think that companies ought to exist on a mere sufferance basis, but if allowed to establish themselves at all it ought to be on certain well-specified conditions. It was not right, he thought, for companies to go on spending their money on a business which might be at any moment taken over, or prohibited, by the corporation. On the other hand, it was not right that such companies should go on exercising a power by which they might usurp really the functions of the municipality or corporation. In connection with telephones, Mr. Hesketh explained how, in the United Kingdom, all the trunk lines had been taken over by the Government. In his opinion it was preferable on every ground that the Government should supply telephone instruments to the lessees, to the latter providing any kind of instrument which they thought good enough.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3630418 GOVERNMENT ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 17 July 1896 8 March 2020 3 Trove Hesketh's first formal day at work, Friday 17 July 1896 Government Electrician. Taking Up Work. The new Government Electrician, Mr. J. Hesketh, formally entered upon his duties on Friday morning. His first business was to make himself generally acquainted with the work of the department, of the electrical portion of which he is to have charge. Office accommodation is being provided for the new officer in the tower at the post office.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174316052 Government Electrician. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 18 July 1896 8 March 2020 2 Trove Courier reporter interviews A. J. Thynne, Qld Postmaster General, notes immediate task for Hesketh is advising on proposed new South Brisbane telephone exchange THE TELEPHONE SERVICE. PROPOSED SOUTH BRISBANE EXCHANGE. OTHER CONTEMPLATED IMPROVEMENTS. In the course of an interview with a representative of this paper yesterday afternoon, the Hon. A. J. Thynne, Postmaster-General, gave some interesting information with reference to the establishment of a local telephone exchange in South Brisbane, and on other matters in connection with the service. In answer to a question, Mr. Thynne stated that some months ago the necessity for a local telephone exchange in South Brisbane was impressed on him when the Victoria Bridge was threatened by the flood-waters. Arrangements were made, and a room has now been secured in the Melbourne-street Railway Station building, which will be at once fitted up for use as an exchange. The South Brisbane Exchange will be connected with the present Central Exchange by a trunk line consisting of one or more wires, according to the requirements of the business at the exchanges. This will have the effect of saving the inconvenience and many other drawbacks of carrying so many wires across the bridge. The establishment of the South Brisbane local exchange is only part of a scheme by which Mr. Thynne hopes to see the city and suburbs divided up into a number of what may be called telephone areas, each with its own local exchange, and connected with other exchanges by means of trunk lines. Considering the population of the metropolitan area, and the pressure upon people's time, and the great advantages of the telephone system, Mr. Thynne is of opinion that the present number of telephones in Brisbane is only a fraction of what it ought to be. "The crowded state of the wires going into the telephone exchange under the present conditions," said Mr. Thynne, "warrant us in making the arrangements we have under consideration, to provide for the increase of the number of lines. Any such change will involve the consideration of many points in which the advice of Mr. Hesketh, the new electrical engineer of the department, will be required as soon as he can give the matter his attention. I hope ultimately that this new system of local exchanges will lead to a considerable saving both to the subscribers and to the department." "Will the new electric tramway service involve metallic circuits for telephones and telegraph instruments?" "On account of the electric trams It will probably be necessary to have metallic circuits for the telephones instead of the present system of using the ground as the return circuit. As regards the telegraph lines, I understand that the effect of the electricity used in the tram service on telegraph lines is not likely to be anything at all like the effect on the telephone system, and probably it will not be necessary to go to the expense of a metallic circuit for the telegraph lines."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3630477 THE TELEPHONE SERVICE. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 18 July 1896 8 March 2020 3 Trove 1896 08 Hesketh gazetted as electrical engineer for colonial Qld Post and Telegraph Department Official Notifications. (From Saturday's "Government Gazette.") Appointments. Department of Lands.— M. O. Sullivan, acting clerk of petty sessions at Mount Morgan, to be assistant land commissioner; Robert Woodhouse, acting clerk of petty sessions, Surat, to be land agent; John W. W. Jackson, to be warden and mineral commissioner, stationed at Thargomindah, in the room of F. Nixon, deceased. The Treasury.— Wallumbilla to be a place having a branch of the Government Savings Bank; Carl B. W. Edlundh to be lightkeeper in charge at Caloundra; John Reed to be superintendent of the Pile Lighthouse, Brisbane bar; and William Morefield to be superintendent of the Dent Island Lightship. Department of Justice.— John W. W. Jackson, acting clerk of petty sessions at Thargomindah, to be also high bailiff at that place. Post and Telegraph Department.— John Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., to be electrical engineer; the following officers to be transferred: James Wonderley, clerk, Townsville to Bowen; Joseph W. Perkins, clerk, Bowen to Townsville; Sydney Court, assistant, Cloncurry to Brisbane; Charles C. Hardy, railway telegraph operator, to be assistant at Cloncurry.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174316874 Official Notifications. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 3 August 1896 8 March 2020 3 Trove Hesketh identified to solve many problems with electrical distribution, tramway supply and interference to telephone lines Telegraph and Telephone Systems. The rapid increase in the number of overhead wires carried on posts through the streets of the city for telegraph and telephone purposes, and the prospect of further increases, with the extension and development of the city, have for some time past pointed to the necessity for the adoption of some more suitable means of carrying the wires than that at present in existence. Besides being anything but an ornament to the streets through which they pass, the numerous wires form a great source of danger in the event of an outbreak of fire in buildings in their vicinity, hindering, as they always do, the operations of fire brigades. In the case of fire, also, the wires always suffer serious damage; frequently they are cut, and, consequently, delay and inconvenience of a serious nature are almost bound to follow on such occasions. The subject has been to the post and telegraph authorities one of serious consideration; but in the absence of sufficient data as to the cost of making desired alterations, and of expert evidence as to the best course to be pursued, nothing definite, till now, had been decided upon. The arrival of Mr. Hesketh, the Government electrician, has cleared away these difficulties, and at the same time the decision of the Tramway Company to adopt a system of electrical traction, a system which would, under present conditions, seriously affect the efficiency of telegraphic and telephonic communication, has made it impossible longer to postpone needed reforms. So long as electric tramways did not exist in the neighbourhood of message wires it might be perfectly satisfactory to use single overhead wires, making use of the earth for return currents; but as soon as electricity is brought into use for propelling our tramcars it becomes absolutely necessary to duplicate all other electric wires. This is due to the fact that the heavy currents used to work the tramways, however carefully they may be arranged, are sure to lead into and affect the other wires. This has been very forcibly shown in other cities. Suppose wires are not duplicated, what happens? The current for working the trams leaves the generating station by feeding wires which are placed either overhead or underground. It then passes into the trolly wire, and then through the motor driving the car; after which it passes into the rails on which the car runs, and then travels by the rails to the generating station again. But in passing along the rails, they being in contact with the earth, the current leaks into the earth; and supposing the other wires also to be connected with the earth, part of the leakage current will find its way to those wires, it being a law in electricity that the current will follow the line of least resistance. Supposing this to be the case and a telephone subscriber to be speaking on the line, he will hear the noise as if a steam syren were beginning to blow off, the noise being caused by a motor on a car commencing to work. As the motor attains a quicker speed, so the note in the telephone becomes shriller and shriller, and sometimes louder and louder, till conversation is absolutely impossible. The same trouble may arise from induction between a trolly wire and a single telephone wire, whether underground or overhead. But should the wire be doubled, that is to say should there be a complete metallic circuit, any current induced in the one wire will also be induced in the other to an equal and opposite extent, so that no interruption results. Also, where the wire is doubled, it is free from the earth, and no leakage current from the tramway service can get into it. A complete metallic circuit is, therefore, free from both the trouble arising from induction and from leakage. The present condition of affairs plainly points to the necessity for doubling all electric wires now in use. But the prospect of doubling the already too numerous wires in the streets of the city, is, if not appalling, to say the least of it, exceedingly undesirable. Under such circumstances it will be of interest to review what has been done in other places with a view to avoid these difficulties. In many large European towns all telephone wires are placed underground in the central districts, and are carried overhead only in the suburbs, where their number is small. Many systems of doing this are in use. In Sydney the most expensive method of all is employed. There a tunnel 7 feet high has been built under the middle of the roadway, and all wires are led along in this tunnel on brackets, which are readily accessible to a man walking along the tunnel. The cost of installing this system has been enormous — namely, over £20,000. The cost of such a system is therefore prohibitive so far as Brisbane is concerned. It is suitable only for the most wealthy, and at the same time the most extravagant communities. A more practical solution of the difficulty is to be found in the method now being adopted for carrying the numerous wires over the new Victoria bridge. There lines of pipes are being laid down with inspection boxes at fixed distances. The wires are to be bound together in the form of cables, and drawn through the pipes, the wires within the cables being insulated from each other by some suitable material, the whole cable being enclosed in a watertight, leaden covering, outside of which again is a covering of tapes. The connections with the premises of subscribers will be made by a smaller cable of similar construction, containing a complete metallic circuit laid underground; much in the same way as water and gas are laid on now. Another method of placing the cables is simply to lay them in wooden troughing under the footway, the troughing being filled up with pitchy sand or bituminous composition. The same system of inspection boxes could be arranged; but, of course, the cables once laid, could not be taken up again without opening the streets, whereas, in the case of their being laid in tubes, they can easily be drawn out if faulty, and new ones drawn in; the inspection boxes giving facility for localising the faulty section. As to the question of cost, the expense of laying double wires underground should not be very much more than would be the cost of duplicating the existing wires overhead. The present wires are so numerous that there is no room on the existing poles for more; and it would be necessary to go to the expense of erecting new and much taller and heavier poles. Such a course, too, it should be pointed out, would add considerably to the disadvantages already alluded to of the existence in busy thoroughfares of numerous wires. But in connection with this matter of cost, a far more important question is that of maintenance. Every telephone subscriber at present knows to his sorrow how easy it is, even during moderate winds, for something to go wrong with his telephone connection, but with the underground system he would have no trouble of that kind. Faults arising from outside causes would be far less frequent than at present, and therefore the cost of maintenance would be considerably reduced. From a layman's point of view at least, everything seems to be in favour of the introduction of the underground system by cables in pipes.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174325598 Telegraph and Telephone Systems. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 11 August 1896 8 March 2020 4 Trove Brisbane Council receives Electric Lighting Bill by State Government, not supported by council or by Hesketh. Council wants dilapidated telegraph poles replaced, Post & Telegraphs declines stating soon underground BRISBANE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. The fortnightly meeting of the Brisbane Municipal Council was held in the Town Hall Buildings yesterday afternoon, when there were present — Aldermen Thurlow (Mayor), Fraser, Morrow, Proe, Clark, Hipwood, Thorne, and Raymond. Correspondence. The correspondence submitted included the following communications:— To D. L. Brown and Co., intimating that the council would have no objection to a dolphin being fixed at the end of Margaret-street for mooring purposes. The matter was left in the hands of the Mayor to be dealt with. To the Superintendent of Electric Telegraphs, inviting attention to the state of telegraph posts, and urging that the more dilapidated be replaced by sound ones. From the superintendent, stating that a scheme for placing all the wires underground would shortly be submitted, and that it was considered the expense of renewing posts should not be undertaken except where the posts were absolutely dangerous. To D. McCarthy, agreeing to renew his lease of the Botanic Gardens Ferry, conditionally. To the Premier, furnishing the views of the council with regard to the formation of a carriage drive through Government House Domain. From the Victoria Bridge Board, stating that instructions had been given to have the posts left standing in the footway of the bridge removed if no longer required. From Macpherson and Feez, forwarding a statement of account in connection with the Clark and Fauset action, and a cheque for £141 3s. 9d., as the council's moiety of money in their hands. To James Campbell and Sons, granting them permission to erect, on a first-class section in Creek-street, the building recently in use at Bowen Park, if the structure were removed at the expiry of six months. From R. S. W. Cummings, agreeing to lease the whole of the Columbia Rink building, conditionally, at £12 per month, paying all rates, for twelve months, with the option of renewing. To the Queensland Marine Board, pointing out that if their suggestion for the erection of a hand-rail down the centre of the steps at the river end of Edward-street were given effect to, the usefulness of the steps would be greatly impaired. Correspondence Dealt With. The correspondence contained a letter from the Central Board of Health, with reference to the licensing of dairies within the municipality. The Mayor did not think that licenses should be granted to dairymen within the city; the conditions under which the dairies were carried on were not such as to justify the council in licensing them. Mr. Hipwood remarked that the dairies were worse outside the city, especially as regarded water. Mr. Clark did not think the Mayor had power to absolutely refuse a license. The Mayor said he would instruct the inspector to bring up a report on the matter. A letter was read from the Brisbane Gas Company, with reference to the lighting of the city. It was agreed that the Finance Committee should have another meeting with the Gas Company with a view to arranging matters satisfactorily. The Tramway Company wrote stating that they were about to erect buildings near the Roma-street Railway Station, and asking to be furnished with levels, and inquiring if the council would form the pathway and do the necessary kerbing in front of the buildings. It was agreed to furnish the levels and allow the other requests to stand over in the meantime. An offer to rent the Arthur-street baths at £30 per annum was received. It was stated that the present lessee had asked for a reduction in rent, after having conducted the baths satisfactorily for three years. The Mayor remarked that the question of rental would be solved by the calling for tenders. The Electric Lighting Bill. A letter had been forwarded to the Postmaster-General with reference to the contemplated introduction of a bill dealing with the question of electric light and power supply, expressing a hope that the council's interests had been borne in mind, and properly conserved. Twelve copies of the measure had been received by the council and distributed among the aldermen. The Mayor stated that he had interviewed Mr. Hesketh, the Government Engineer, and had made objection to a great many of the clauses in the bill, which, instead of granting powers to the council, usurped the rights that body at present enjoyed. Mr. Fraser asked if the bill had been brought forward in the place of the one which the council had so long been promised. The Mayor replied that he did not know; but in his opinion the measure was a very poor apology for one which was really required by the council. He had drawn up a series of amendments, all in the direction of conserving the council's rights. Mr. Hesketh was of the same opinion as he was, that the council should have the first right to undertake electric lighting in any portion of the municipality. Mr. Clark said it would be remembered that about five years ago the council had a private bill introduced in the Legislative Assembly by Mr. Drake. That measure was, like many another good bill, slaughtered, but a distinct promise was made by the Premier to bring in a bill to deal with electric lighting in the city during the next session. Nothing more was heard of the matter until a few days ago, when the Premier intimated to Mr. Fraser that the Electric Lighting Bill, which the council had been asking for, was to be brought forward. (The Mayor: "This is the bill.") Then it was not the bill the council had requested. It was merely a measure dealing with companies who wished to start electric lighting in the city; and the council ought to make a strong protest against the infringement of their privileges, which was likely to take place if the bill were passed into law. He moved that a deputation wait upon Mr. Thynne, and point out to him the injustice which would be done to the council under the measure. Mr. Fraser seconded the motion. Mr. Clark pointed out that, after what had taken place, it was unfair that the Government should have introduced the bill without first consulting the council. The privileges of the city had been quite forgotten, and it seemed as if the Government were going directly in the face of the representations made by the council, and doing exactly what the council did not wish them to do. Mr. Raymond quite agreed with Mr. Clark, and thought that the local authorities should be given considerable power to deal with the question of electric lighting. The motion that a deputation wait on the Postmaster-General was agreed to. Finance Committee's Report. The report of the Finance Committee, dated the 20th instant, recommended the payment of accounts to the amount of £2719, sanitary services, officers' salaries, purchase of land, wages, road metal, and street channels being the more important items. Motions. The motions given notice of at last meeting were referred to the Works Committee. Notified Motions. By Mr. Thorne,— 1. "That Vulture-street, between Wellington-road and Leopard-street, be put in a passable state of repair." 2. "That concrete water-table be laid on the east side of Quinton-street." 3. "That the Government be requested to introduce a bill into Parliament during the present session to authorise this council to borrow on debentures the sum of £55,000, to enable this council to complete laying the water-tables of the city in stone and cement, and to lay a pontoon bridge from the East Ward to Kangaroo Point." By Mr. Raymond,— "That a concrete water-table be laid on the north side of Shafston-road, from Wellington-road to Thorn-street." By Mr. Hipwood,— "That concrete water-table be laid on the south side of Wedd-street." By Mr. Proe,— "That concrete water-table be laid on the northern side of Ballow-street, from Wickham-street towards the Valley Railway Station." This concluded the business.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3633289 BRISBANE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 25 August 1896 9 March 2020 7 Trove Hesketh already joined the local Freemasons Lodge and entertains with vocal renditions The Lodge Room. Freemasons. General Gordon Lodge, No. 2, 119, E.C. — The annual installation meeting was held in the Masonic Hall, Alice street, last night, when there were 150 members of the craft, representing English, Scottish, Irish, and Victorian constitutions, present. The District Grand Master, E.C. (Hon. A. C. Gregory, C.M.G.), attended by the deputy district grand master (B. L. Burnett, P.M.), district grand secretary (J. Fenwiok, P.M.), and several other district grand officers attended. The ceremony of installation, which was carried out in a quiet earnest manner by the retiring master (Wor. Bro. J. E. Trude) was greatly enhanced by the excellent rendering of the incidental music by a choir of well known vocalists and a complete orchestra led by Bro. Truda, and including more than a dozen of the best instrumentalists of the city. These were conducted by Bro. W. A. Caflisch. The new master (Bro. S. G. Cowell) having been installed, he invested his officers, and they were placed at their respective stations by Wor. Bro. Gibbon, P.M. The final charge was given by the installing officer. The complete list of officers is as follows: Master, S. G. Cowell; senior warden, D. B. McCullough; junior warden, H. R. Gale; Chaplain, Rev. Canon Stone-Wigg, B.A.; Treasurer, A. C. Saltmarsh, P.M.; secretary, E. O. Boden; senior deacon, F. A. Huet; junior deacon, W. H. Kelynack; organist, W. A. Caflisch; stewards, H. W. Petty and H. Weightman; inner guard, G. F. J. Hewitt; tyler, F. Hobbs. At the close of the ceremonies the lodge was closed and those present adjourned to the banquet room, where light refreshments were served. The usual toasts were given, the health of the district grand master being specially honoured. A singularly excellent programme of vocal and instrumental music was provided by Bro. Caflisch. A violin solo was finely played by Bro. Truda; and so were a flute solo by Bro. H. King, and a horn solo by Bro. E. Down. Songs were given by Bros. J. Hesketh, S. R. Giles, A. J. Powell, and Cowell. The choir and orchestra also contributed their aid to a notably pleasant evening.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174325115 Advertising The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 25 August 1896 9 March 2020 5 Trove 1896 09 Hesketh involved in 3 of the first 4 summary items in the Courier Mail The Brisbane Courier. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1896. Fine weather is anticipated, and it is expected that there will be further strong winds from the west and southwest. Customs collections at the port of Brisbane during July and August show an increase of £8739, as compared with the corresponding months of last year. The Ipswich Municipal Council are requesting the Government to establish a main trunk telephone line between Brisbane and Ipswich. A report on the subject of lighting Ipswich by electricity has been prepared by Mr. Hesketh, Government Electrician for the corporation. It is stated that the Tramway Company are ready and eager to push on with the work of installing the electrical system as soon as certain points have been settled between themselves and the Municipal Council.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3633726 The Brisbane Courier. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 1 September 1896 9 March 2020 4 Trove Ipswich Council considers a long report by Hesketh and seeks a main trunk telephone line Ipswich-Brisbane Provincial Pickings. (From Our Exchanges.) . . . A special meeting of the Ipswich Municipal Council was held at the Council Chambers on Monday afternoon, at which, among other matters, the question of improving the lighting of the town was considered. A long report was read from the Government electrician, Mr. John Hesketh, on the subject of electric-lighting, in which he suggests that the council should secure an electric-lighting plant and generate power for lighting the town and private places by electricity. A resolution was adopted empowering the Mayor to communicate with the Government with a view of inducing them to erect a main trunk telephone-line between Brisbane and Ipswich.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172137804 Provincial Pickings. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 4 September 1896 9 March 2020 6 Trove Hesketh enables sharing of a single line by both telegraph and telephone TELEPHONE TO DARKEY FLAT. The residents of Darkey Flat, near Warwick, have been for some time past petitioning the Postmaster-General to place a telegraph instrument there to connect that place with Warwick. This Mr. Thynne could not see his way clear to do, as there was not sufficient work likely to come from a station at Darkey Flat to justify the expense of stationing an operator there. However, Mr. Thynne sent up Mr. Hesketh, the departmental electrical engineer, to inspect the place, and Mr. Hesketh has completed a telephone circuit from Warwick to Darkey Flat. Thus the residents there can communicate at once with Warwick, should they want a doctor, being charged the rate of a telegram for the use of the telephone. They can also send telegrams for transmismission to any place through the telephone, being charged on telegram rates. The telegraph line running through Darkey Flat to Inglewood has been used by Mr. Hesketh for the telephone circuit, and by a special contrivance the difficulty of the audible clicking of the instruments has been done away with. During his visit to Warwick on Saturday last, Mr. Thynne spoke through the telephone to Darkey Flat, while an operator close by sent a telegram along the same wire. Mr. Thynne states that less noise was to be heard than is experienced in using the Brisbane telephones.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3634210 TELEPHONE TO DARKEY FLAT. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 7 September 1896 10 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh inquiring into reduction of flat rate telephone charges for Maryborough Local Requirements. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Mr Kidston's Inquiries. PROMISES MADE. Some Important Improvements. The following letter from Mr W. Kidston, M.L.A., was received on Saturday by Mr Dawbarn, secretary of the Rockhampton Chamber of Commerce:— Sir,— Re the several matters to which your committee called my attention, I have made inquiry since my return to Brisbane, and I now advise you as to results. . . . 6. Reduction of telephone charges.— There seems to be no grounds whatever for the Maryborough complaint, as the rate of the department is where there are 30 subscribers the charge is £10 per year; where there are 50 subscribers the charge is £8 per year; where there are 100 subscribers the oharge is £5 per year. And, indeed, the department professes its willingness to reduce the charge to £5 in any place where 75 subscribers can be got; which seems to me to be a fair answer to the statement that a reduction of the charges would largely increase the number of those using. Mr Hesketh, the chief electrician, is, however, making inquiry as to whether anything can be done to improve and popularise this servioe.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article213467434 Local Requirements. The Daily Northern Argus Queensland, Australia 7 September 1896 10 March 2020 3 (SECOND EDITION) Trove As previous Darkey Flat item, but greater detail LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS. . . . TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION WITH PRATTEN. — Mr. Hesketh, the electrician attached to the Post and Telegraph Department, arrived in Warwick last week, and with Mr. C. E. Bright, Post and Telegraph Master, visited Darky Flat (Pratten) on Friday and eatablished telephonic communication between that centre and Warwick, the first message being transmitted over the line on Friday evening. The instrument at the Darky Flat end is installed in the office of the Postmistress (Miss Clare), and that at the Warwick end is in the local Telegraph Office. The cost of managing the service will be trifling, probably not more than £10 or £12 per annum. Messages will be charged at the ordinary rate for telegrams — 1s for ten words. This is the first instance in Queensland in which a Morse telegraph line has been used for the purposes of regular telephonic communication, but it is thought probable that the system just introduced will be widely extended with great advantage to many places where the business would be insufficient to meet the cost of maintaining a telegraph operator.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article76617425 LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS. Warwick Argus Queensland, Australia 8 September 1896 10 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh looking into cost of intercolonial telegrams BRISBANE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The committee of the Brisbane Chamber of Commerce held a meeting in the rooms, Courier Building, yesterday. Mr. Trundle occupied the chair, and the other members were Messrs. Carter, Abercrombie, Munro, Unmack, and Macintosh. . . . The Post and Telegraph Department wrote with reference to the chamber's communication on intercolonial telegrams that Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer, was considering the matter. Mr. Munro remarked that if a beginning was made by reducing the price of wires between the capitals of the colonies that would be a great step forward. The meeting adjourned till Monday next.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3634234 BRISBANE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 8 September 1896 10 March 2020 2 Trove Annual report of Qld Post and Telegraph Dept by Postmaster-General Thynne highlights the problems facing Hesketh POST AND TELEGRAPH SERVICES. Perhaps no branch of the public service is so intimately associated as the Post and Telegraph Department with the social life of the people. The letter, the newspaper, the book parcel, the post parcel, the telegram, the telephone message, the postal note, or the money order is of daily recurring interest to every family in the land. And there is no conflict of opinion as to the advisability or otherwise of these services being undertaken by the Government. The department over which Mr. Thynne presides more than justifies its existence, although it imposes a heavy annual charge upon the taxpayers. The Postmaster-General states the deficiency for 1895 at £60,371, a reduction of some £10,000 by comparison with 1894, but the saving is only apparent, the department having been relieved of a half-year's ocean mail subsidy by the transfer on the 1st July, 1895, of that burden to the Treasury, on the ground that the steamship service is not maintained for mail purposes, and therefore has been for some time improperly charged to the Postal Department. But the excess of outlay over income is larger than the report states, for it omits mention of the charge for interest accruing on telegraph lines constructed out of loan moneys, amounting, in fact, to nearly £800,000, on which 4 per cent means £32,000 a year. The annual loss sustained by the department therefore exceeds £92,000, which ought if practicable to be lessened, especially since the British-India mail service, costing the department £55,000 a year, besides "the poundage" on letters sent by the Melbourne-Suez route, has been saved. The total expense of the ocean mail service is only £10,000. The deficit in the New South Wales Post and Telegraph service is about £74,000, with a total revenue just three times that of Queensland; while with a revenue slightly in excess of that of the parent colony Victoria gets an excess of income over expenditure of about £225,000 a year; and South Australia, with a smaller population and much smaller total revenue than Queensland, gets a post and telegraph income slightly less than ours, and an excess over expenditure of about £20,000 a year. The circumstances of the various colonies differ, of course, but with her large territory South Australia spends one-third less than Queensland upon her Post and Telegraph service. Referring to this subject, Mr. Thynne says that "the Department endeavours to give every settlement in the country the utmost possible facilities for postal and telegraphic communication; and when the large area of the colony and its sparse settlement are considered the deficiency stated is perhaps not too great an expendlture by the general taxpayer for services which aid so much in the promotion of settlement in every form. Still it will be necessary to exercise much prudence and economy with the view of reducing the existing burden on the general taxpayer without unduly curtailing the public convenience." It is but fair to add that, although the department has been relieved of the ocean mail subsidy of late years, it now pays £40,000 per annum to the Railway Department for the carriage of inland mails. And the postal and telegraphic receipts for last year were both elastic, the receipts showing an increase upon the previous year of £19,000. Strange to say, this sum is just equal to the decline suffered since 1891, the revenue for 1891 and 1895 being about equal. When it is recollected that newspaper postage was imposed in 1892, and was supposed to yield an additional £12,000 a year, it follows that the financial state of the department would have been serious today but for the recovery in receipts for 1893. A small part of the decline was, of course, due to the reduction of the ocean postage rate from 6d. to 2½d., but this seems not to have amounted to over £5000 a year. The business depression and the curtailment of Press messages through the newspaper tax were therefore chiefly accountable for the diminution of receipts. The topic which occupies the chief space in Mr. Thynne's introduction to the report is the Pacific cable question. Referring to the meetings of Postmasters-General in Sydney last year, Mr. Thynne says their effect "was very satisfactory, many of the apparent difficulties having been removed, with the final result that a Conference was held in Sydney in January last." After recapitulating the resolutions passed at the Conference, the Postmaster-General remarks,— "It will be seen that a fair adjustment of almost all matters of local conflicting interest was arrived at, and a route at the Australasian end recommended which is calculated to provide the best facilities for the colonies interested. Two delegates were chosen to represent Australasia on the Commission appointed by the Imperial Government to consider the whole question." Mr. Thynne hopes that in October next, when the sittings of the Commission will be resumed in London, "sound conclusions in favour of laying the proposed cable will be reached." But most persons acquainted with the facts are much less sanguine than our Postmaster-General appears to be on this question. The departmental report is, as usual, a mass of interesting detail. The increase of total correspondence as compared with the previous year was only 2.71 per cent, but the increase of newspapers was 8.97, and of packets 10.01 per cent. In postal note transactions the increase was 22.15 per cent, and in money orders 7.58 per cent. Queensland was the first Australian colony to adopt the postal note system, and it is satisfactory to learn that the number of transactions in these documents last year was 396,444, as against 295,765 in money orders. The total number of letters posted and received at the Chief Office during 1895 was 10¼ millions, of packets 2¾ millions, and of newspapers 5½ millions — fair increases by comparison with the preceding year being shown under each head. Approximately 46,000 letters, 4000 packets, and 5000 newspapers were posted in the Brisbane tramcars during the year. Nearly £700 was collected on articles liable to Customs duty transmitted through the post, contained in 4714 packages. The total number of letters posted and received in the colony during the year was 17¾ millions, of which number only 85,283 were unclaimed. Missing letters are a source of much trouble to the post office, and it is shown that miscarriages are mostly due to the senders, or to the persons to whom the business of posting is intrusted. Some prosecutions have been necessary during the year to prevent evasions of postage, and the hint is given that unless the practice is discontinued it may become necessary to adopt the Postal Union practice of charging all commercial papers under two ounces in weight a single letter rate as a minimum, thus raising the postage from one penny to twopence. The parcel post has nearly doubled its business during the year, chiefly in consequence of the new arrangement made for the transmission of such parcels by all the coach services. The parcels revenue for the year was £8467, as against £4731 for the preceding year. With respect to electric telegraphs the chief event recorded is the appointment and arrival of Mr. Hesketh, from whose knowledge and skill improvements in the telegraph and telephone services are anticipated. The total wire mileage is 17,797, and of line 9986 miles. The total number of stations open is 371. The number of subscribers to the Brisbane telephone exchange is 600, and the calls average 5500 per day and 100 per night. It is admitted that the working of the system is not entirely satisfactory, partly through the twelve distinct types of instruments in use, and partly through line faults "mainly caused by the extremely crowded state of the poles in the city." The provincial telephone exchanges are reported to be working fairly well, but storms appear to have caused trouble at various times. "At Charters Towers in February last, during a terrific thunderstorm, the telephone exchange was struck by lightning. A large ball of fire was seen to follow the leading wires into the exchange, where 50 per cent of the wires were fused and some woodwork set on fire." Happily no one appears to have been hurt by the incident. Efforts are being made to improve these telephone services, and in the public interest it may be hoped they will be successful. The high charge made in provincial centres, however, very much minimises the utility of the telephone, and it is worth consideration whether a reduced rate would not prove ultimately more remunerative to the department, for a telephone exchange is only of value when it has a considerable number of subscribers.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3634534 POST AND TELEGRAPH SERVICES. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 11 September 1896 15 March 2020 4 Trove Mr and Mrs Hesketh quick to join in Qld's social scene WOMAN'S WORLD. THE BALL AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE. The second ball at Government House took place last night, and was in every particular as biilliant as the first. The decorations were similar, but all fresh and beautiful. Bamboo masts in the corners of the room, twined with flowers, in various colours, looked very pretty and cool. The staircase was decorated with lilies and ferns. The green foliage set off the brilliant costumes worn by the ladles to great advantage. The same rooms were used as ballrooms, and filled as they were with dancers, formed an exceedingly pretty sight viewed from the staircase, particularly, during the waltz. The programme contained fourteen numbers, the music for which was chosen by Lady Lamington: — Waltz, "Rose Queen;" lancers, "Rip Van Winkle;" waltz, "Marechal Neil;" waltz, "Pepita;" polka, "May;" waltz, " Peri;" lancers, "Sultan of Mocha;" waltz, "Sweet Vows;" waltz, "Gondoliers;" polka, "Cyprus;" waltz, "Wheel of Fortune;" polka, "Sultan;" schottische, "Idle Moments;" waltz, "Olivette." The guests were invited for 9 o'clock, and by that time a large number had assembled. Punctually at the hour named, his Excellency the Governor and Lady Lamington descended the stairs to the strains of "God Save the Queen." A waltz was commenced at once, and afterwards the first set of lancers were danced. In the centre of the room were — His Excellency the Governor and Lady Griffith, Lady Lamington and Sir Samuel Griffith, the Hon. W. H. Wilson and Mrs. Drake, the Hon. T. J. Byrnes and Mrs. Tozer, the Hon. A. J. Thynne and Mrs. Real, Captain Drake and Mrs. Cowley, the Hon. H. Tozer and Mrs. Foxton, the Hon. J. F. G. Foxton and Mrs. W. H. Wilson. Refreshments were served all the evening, and supper at 11 p.m. The following was the menu:— Spiced beef, ham, roast chicken, tongue, roast turkey, pigeons in aspic, mayonnaise of chicken, veal and ham patties, cutlets of fish in aspic, tomato salad, jellies, strawberries and cream, trifle, meringues, champagne, claret, &c. After supper, dancing was again resumed, and kept up with much enjoyment till half-past 12 o'clock. Lady Lamington wore a lovely gown of pale-pink satin; the skirt was plain, the bodice laced up at the back, V-shaped, and the V filled in with exquisite lace, and a berthe of the same; small puff sleeves, a folded white satin band round the bodice; magnificent diamond tiara and ornaments, and a pearl necklace. She also carried a beautiful bouquet of pink roses, with long streamers of ribbon to match the dress, and a white feather fan and long white gloves completed a most elegant toilette. Miss Rod wore a black silk brocade skirt and a beautiful blouse bodice of petunia silk; puff sleeves, divided by chiffon, and chiffon berthe; the corsage was entirely of violets; diamond and pearl ornaments. . . . . The following is a list of ladies and gentlemen who accepted invitations for last night's ball:— Mr. Colin Austin, Mr. F. Ayres. Hon. T. J. and the Misses Byrnes, Mr. F. Bousfield, Hon. A. H. and Mrs. Barlow, Mr. H. E. Barlow, Mr. B. L. Barnett, Mr. G. B. Barnett, Mr. W. Bell, Mr. M. Bell, Miss Bell, Miss Blanchard, Mr. W. and Mrs. Buckland. Hon. A. S. and Mrs. Cowley, Mr. S. B. Cameron, Dr. Connelly, Mr. Hugh Connelly, Miss Cormack. Hon. D. H. and Mrs. Dalrymple, Captain and Mrs. Drake, Mr. A. V. Drury, Mrs. and Miss Drury, Mr. F. De Little, Mr. W. A. Douglas, Mr. J. S. Dodds, Captain Darvall, Mr. J. F. W. Darvall, Mr. R. S. Dods, Miss Daly. Hon. J. F. G. and Mrs. Foxton, Mr. E. Flower, Miss French. Sir S. W. and Lady Griffith, Miss Griffith, Mr. Griffith, Colonel and Mrs. Gunter, Mr. Gunter, Mr. G. Graham, Mr. and Mrs. Galloway, Mr. C. Grut. Mr. W. Hart, Mr. and Mrs. J. Hesketh, Miss Harley, Mr. L. Hill, Miss Heterington, Mrs. Harris, Captain Hamilton, Miss Hollander. Mr. C. Jackson. Mr. Lees, Mrs. and Miss Lees, Mr. E. Lovell, Mr. J. S. Little, Mr. V. Little, Dr. G. Luther. . . .http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3634616 WOMAN'S WORLD. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 12 September 1896 16 March 2020 6 Trove The Heskeths to reside at Auvergne, Old Sandgate Rd, Albion Social Doings. (Telegraph, September 12). . . . Mr. and Mrs. J. Hesketh have leased Mr. H. J. Brown's pretty villa, Auvergne, Old Sandgate road, and will take up their residence there on October 1.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183098518 Social Doings. The Week Queensland, Australia 18 September 1896 16 March 2020 4 Trove Brisbane to replace its overhead single wire earth return telephone system with twin wire underground, Hesketh to oversight THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM. As stated in these columns some time ago, the Postmaster-General (Hon. A. J. Thynne) has had under consideration the complete reorganisation of the present telephone system in this city. Mr. Thynne has now decided to go to work at once, and has ordered all the necessary materials for the new installation. A metallic circuit will be substituted for the present earth return circuit, and the whole installation will be of the most up-to-date system. The present unsightly telegraph poles and network of overhead wires will be done away with, and an underground cable system carried in pipes will be substituted. The present system of using the earth as a return circuit has many disadvantages, and it is quite a frequent thing for persons at the telephone to overhear conversations between other persons using the instruments. The metallic circuit will render this impossible, and will secure perfect secrecy. Provision will also be made for the establishment of a series of local exchanges in the future. The cost of the new installation will be at the least £20,000, and a start will be made as soon as the materials arrive from England. The connection of Darkey Flat with Warwick by telephone has led to other towns asking for similar concessions, and the people of Ipswich have been agitating for a telephone service between that place and Brisbane. Mr. Thynne has authorised Mr. Hesketh, the Government Electrical Engineer, to try an experiment there with a view of testing if conditions are suitable for a telephone between Ipswich and Brisbane, as they are in many respects different from those of Warwick, and success is not so thoroughly assured.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3635037 THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 18 September 1896 16 March 2020 7 Trove Explanation (likely from Hesketh himself) why the Darkey Flat experiment likely cannot be extended to to the metropolis Long Distance Telephony. Success and Extension. The successful telephonic connection of Darkey Flat post office, distant about 22 miles from Warwick, with that town by utilising the electric telegraph wire between the two places, has resulted in the Post and Telegraph Department's receiving a number of applica-tions from other towns for a similar cances-sion, most pressing among them being one from the Ipswich people, who are to receive first attention. In the case of the Darkey Flat to Warwick line, as above stated, the telegraph wire was made use of and by a little experiment and balancing of the currents it now has been made to give excellent results for both telegraph and tele-phone communication at the same time. In the case of Ipswich to Brisbane, however, the conditions are somewhat different, the presence in the immediate vicinity — on the same pole in fact — of wires carrying comparatively heavy currents makes it a matter of consider-able difficulty to accomplish what has been so nicely done in the case of Darkey flat. However, the Postmaster-General has directed Mr. Hesketh, the Government electrician, to make experiments, and it is safe to say that if it can be done Mr. Hesketh will do it.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172145551 Long Distance Telephony. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 19 September 1896 16 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh's reputation spreading quickly amongst employees and associates Mr. F. Rosender who is leaving by the northern steamer next Sunday, to take charge of the telephone exchanges at Charters Tower and Townsville, was entertained by the officers of the local Telegraph Office on board the launch Noachidae on Saturday evening. The Noachidae left the Rockhampton Rowing Club's pontoon about eight o'clock, and after steaming down as far as Brown's Crossing returned to town about eleven o'clock. The trip was a most delightful one for all on board. In the course of the evening Mr. Rosender was presented with a pair of field and opera glasses by his fellow officers as a token of their esteem. The toast of his health was proposed, and all the speakers spoke in a highly eulogistic manner of Mr. Roseneder's abilities in his profession, and of his kindness to all, but more particular to the juniors. Mr. Hewlett of the Electric Light Works, who was present, said he was surprised to find how wide and deep was Mr. Roseneder's knowledge, not merely of his own particular work, but also of electric lighting and electric traction work. Mr. Hewlett stated that although his brother officers might have a very high opinion of Mr. Rosenders abilities, yet perhaps they lacked the technical knowledge to enable them to know how well that opinion was justified. He said that he knew Mr. Hesketh, the new Government Electrical Engineer, personally and esteemed him highly, and he had no doubt he would value Mr. Roseneder as he deserved. Mr. Roseneder in responding said he felt keenly the kind remarks that had been expressed by the various speakers. He regretted leaving Rockhampton, where he had spent such a happy time and had so many friends, still a civil servant must hold himself ready to go anywhere at the request of his department. He appreciated Mr. Hewlett's remarks very highly, for Mr. Hewlett's abilities in his own line were well known. Mr. Roseneder stated that while in Brisbane last week he had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Hesketh, and he might tell them that they would find they had over them a man whose professional knowledge it would be an impertinence for him to criticise, for it was well known, but also a cultured gentleman from whom they would get all consideration. Their present to him he would always cherish for itself, and for the sake of the givers. He hoped to meet them again some other time. Messrs. Hewlett, Sneyd, O'Neill, Bishop, and Flynn contributed songs, and Messrs. Powell and Hallinan recitations to the evening's amusement. The party dispersed after giving three cheers for Mr. and Mrs. Roseneder. Mr. Roseneder has been Chairman of the Central Queensland Branch of the Telegraph Association for the last six years.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52515623 No title Morning Bulletin Queensland, Australia 22 September 1896 16 March 2020 5 Trove Mr & Mrs Hesketh attend an "at home" with the Governor and Lady Lamington at Government House WOMANS WORLD. "AT HOME" AT GOVERNMENT-HOUSE. Lady Lamington was "at home" at Government House yesterday afternoon, and the very large number of visitors who called were received on the lawn by his Excellency the Governor and Lady Lamington. The afternoon was beautifully fine, and the function proved a most enjoyable one. Lady Lamington wore a simple yet elegant costume of cream-coloured silk, the bodice was trimmed with lace insertion and pale-blue satin, the sleeves were made with one large puff falling to the elbow; a bonnet of blue and black striped velvet with cream silk crown, trimmed with black ostrich plumes and spring flowers, and white gloves stitched with black, completed a charming toilette. Miss Rod wore a chene silk with blurred roses, the bodice was covered with cream applique, very pretty sleeves divided into two puffs; picture hat with pink roses and cream lace, a wreath of pink roses resting on the hair at the back. Mrs. Stuart wore a black and white check silk trimmed with cream lace and black satin; large hat of white straw, trimmed with pink roses. . . . THE CARDS. The following ladies and gentlemen left their cards: . . . Mrs. G. V. Hellicar, Miss Hughes, Miss W. Holloway, Mr. and Mrs. J. Hesketh, Miss F. Harrington, Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Hayman, Mrs. W. E. Hill, Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Harris, Mrs. G. Harris, Mr. and Mrs. A. G. C. Haw-thorn, Miss Hanley, Mrs. Lloyd-Hassall, Mrs. Hobbs, Miss Hobbs, Miss Hart, Miss Mary Hart, Miss Mina Hollander, Mr. W. C. Harding, Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Hurd, Miss Hurd, Miss Hutton, Mrs. Hannam, Dr. E. Hirschfeld, Mr. and Mrs. George R. Harding, Mrs. G. B. Hirsch, Mrs. E. A. Hunt, Mr. E. Harper, Dr. and Mrs. G. H. Hopkins, Mr. G. C. and the Misses Horstmann, Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Horstmann, Mrs. Hudson, Mr. and Mrs. G. Hanbury, Miss Higginson, Miss Haly, Miss Heinecke, Misses Harris, Mr. E. G. Heinecke, Miss Hassell, Miss M. Hassell, Captain H. C. W. Hamilton, Mr. George Hall, Mrs. W. Hutson, Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Hughes, Mr. W. H. Hart, Hon. G. L. and Mrs. Hart, Miss E. Hart, Mrs. Hirst, the Misses Hirst, Miss Hetherington, Miss Hanley, Mr. and Mrs. Hume, Miss Hume, Miss Harding, Mrs. Highfield, Mrs. Heussler. . . .http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3635227 WOMANS WORLD. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 22 September 1896 17 March 2020 6 Trove Hesketh promoting use of telephones rather than telegraphs for small post offices to minimise employment costs and enable extension of the network TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEM IN NEW ZEALAND. As the Postmaster-General has now under consideration the establishment of a telephone system to work in conjunction with the telegraph system, the following extracts, for which we are indebted to Mr. Hesketh, the department's electrical engineer, from the annual report of the New Zealand Postmaster General, are of great interest. From the report it appears that in New Zealand there are 743 public offices for the transaction of telegraphic business, of which 233 only are worked by telegraph, the remaining 510 being worked by telephones. The main feeder lines are worked by telegraph, and the local lines by telephone, the advantage being that expert officers are not required for small local lines, and whereas a telegraph operator has to be paid at least £150 a year to take charge of an office, on the telephone system a local office can be looked after by a storekeeper, or other person, and a great saving thereby effected.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3635880 TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEM IN NEW ZEALAND. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 30 September 1896 17 March 2020 4 Trove 1896 10 Biography and future plan of action for Hesketh from "Queensland Electric Telegraph Gazette," SKETCHER. The Government Electrical Engineer. The recent arrival of Mr. John Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.I.E., marks an important stage of the development of the electric telegraph system in Queensland. The pressing need for the adoption of the most advanced and economical methods of working in order to reduce the cost of maintaining telegraphic communication through the immense area under their control, as well as the prospect of wider use of electricity as a lighting and motive power, induced the Government to seek the assistance of an electrical engineer of undoubted ability and experience in the headquarters of electrical science, with the result that Mr. John Hesketh was chosen for the position out of seventy applicants by Mr. W. H. Preece, an electrician whose world-wide fame makes his opinion the most valuable that could be obtained, and his recommendation at once decided the Government to offer to Mr. Hesketh the post of Government Electrical Engineer in Queensland. From the last issue of the "Queensland Electric Telegraph Gazette," to which we are also indebted for the loan of the portrait block here published, we take the subjoined particulars of Mr. Hesketh's professional career:— Mr. John Hesketh joined the postal telegraph service in the year 1880, and was stationed at Lancashire. He was transferred to Newcastle three years later. It was due to the progress he had made that he was here transferred to the testing branch. In this city he had the advantage of the science training at the Science School and the Durham College of Science. He was still in the testing branch when the first trials were made in high speed working; and, as test clerk, frequently had the adjusting and working of instruments when a speed of 600 words per minute was attained. The trial of copper wire for telegraphic purposes was also made between Newcastle and London while he was test clerk at the former place. Desiring other fields to conquer, the subject of our sketch joined the Engineering Department under Mr. Heaviside. Having now greater scope for his abilities, he organised and taught technological classes in telegraphy, telephony, and submarine mining. The telephone system was, about this time, in course of alteration, and Mr. Hesketh was fortunate enough to see all the transition work from the old system to the new multiple system. He appears to have had an insatiable desire to keep abreast of modern improvements and inventions in his profession, and took part in the first trials of the Synchronous Multiplex. He left the engineering branch of the Telegraph Department to join the Electrical Supply Company, still under Mr. Heaviside as consulting engineer. He remained with this company from the commencement of their works in 1889 until August, 1892, when he was appointed electrical engineer to the Blackpool Corporation. Whilst occupying this position, he organised and carried out the whole of the admirable electric lighting system of this borough, with extensions, and for a time had the working of the electrical tramways under his control. Mr. Hesketh joined the Institute of Electrical Engineers in the year 1890; and that of the Civil Engineers in 1895, having the honour of being proposed for the latter society by Lord Kelvin, the jubilee of whose professorship was recently celebrated by the University of Glasgow. On the formation of the Northern Society of Electrical Engineers, in which Mr. Hesketh assisted, he became a member of its council, and read the first paper. He was also elected a member of the council of the Municipal Electrical Association, for the first annual convention of which society, recently held, he also wrote a paper. The Electrical Engineer commenced the duties of his new position by issuing the first few of a series of technical instructions. His attention has also been engaged with the Electric Lighting Bill now before Parliament. He has Initiated a fresh system of testing, which came into operation last month, and is carried out daily on all lines terminating in Brisbane. Needless to say, many rumours are current concerning alterations alleged to have been recommended by the Eleotrical Engineer. This we do know: He abhors the sight of an ink-writer and considers no operator expert unless he is better at sound than sight reading. Therefore, we may hope before long to take our proper place in the ranks of the telegraph world by dispensing with those aids to inaccuracy and inefficiency. (Photo Caption Start) Mr. John Hesketh, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., Electrical Engineer to the Queensland Government. (Photo Caption End)http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20765067 THE SKETCHER The Queenslander Queensland, Australia 3 October 1896 17 March 2020 645 Trove Hesketh provisionally appointed to lieutenant in the Defence Force (land) Official Notifications. (From Saturday's "Government Gazette.") Appointments. . . . Chief Secretary's Office.— Ernest F. de Chair, to be lieutenant in the Defence Force (marine), and also officer instructor to naval corps in the Queensland Defence Force; John Hesketh, to be provisionally a lieutenant in the Defence Force (land); James R. Sankey, to be provisionally a lieutenant in the volunteer branch of the Defence Force (land); Lieutenant James S. Dods, to be placed on the unattached list; also, Lieu-tenant C. S. Stringer and Lieutenant Thomas J. McReady, to be placed on the unattached list; Lieutenant A. E. Crichton, to be a cap-tain in the Defence Force; Guy F. Darvall and Michael B. Feenaghty, to be provisionally lieutenants in the Defence Force.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172138028 Official Notifications. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 5 October 1896 17 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh testifies at parliament over Electric Light & Power Bill ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER BILL. The second reading motion of this bill is the sole item on the Legislative Council business paper for today. The measure excited rather strong opposition from the City Council and some other local authorities when introduced a few weeks ago, and it was consequently referred to a Select Committee on which there were two such experts as Mr. A. C. Gregory and Mr. J. Thorneloe Smith. Since then the Committee have sat nine times, and examined eleven witnesses. Their report was presented on Tuesday last, and it will be useful to hon. gentlemen in debating the bill. It recommends many amendments, but these in no way alter the general tendency or scope of the measure. Legislation ought to have taken place on this important subject many years ago, but the delay has been advantageous in enabling our Parliament to make use of the experience gained elsewhere with respect to many electrical matters some of which have scarcely yet emerged from the region of experimental science. Besides the Imperial Acts, and colonial statutes based upon them which have been in operation for years past, we have the benefit of experts fresh from England and America in the persons of Mr. Hesketh, Electrical Engineer to the Queensland Government, and Mr. J. S. Badger, who lately arrived here from New York to convert the Brisbane tramways into electrical overhead lines. These gentlemen were among the witnesses, and they gave valuable information. Mr. J. L. Woolcock watched the proceedings as counsel for the Brisbane Municipality, and both the Mayor and the Town Clerk as well as the City Engineer and Alderman Clark, submitted themselves to examination. The City Council had the standing grievance that although they had for many years past endeavoured to secure the passing of a special Act giving them authority to introduce or to regulate electric light and power, the promises of various Governments in that respect remained unfulfilled; and now, by the passing of a general Act, it was proposed to place them even in a worse position than any non-corporate electrical authority to be created by the bill. Both the Mayor and Alderman Clark contended strongly that the City Council ought to be solely authorised to regulate electric light and power within the area under its jurisdiction. The bill provides that the local authority's consent must be obtained to the granting of an order within its district, unless the Governor-in-Council, in any case in which the consent is refused, as of opinion that, having regard to all the circumstances, such consent ought to be dispensed with. This power to over-ride local bodies the representatives of the Council deprecated, but the Select Committee were not convinced of the soundness of the objection. The provision therefore remains in the bill, an amendment being recommended, however, which places the local authority in as good a position with respect to time as any other applicant for an Order-in-Council to supply electricity. It was ascertained by the Select Committee that such a monopoly as the City Council desires is not permitted in the mother country or elsewhere, and although there is force in the contention that practical inconvenience is suffered through the power granted to gas and water and electrical authorities to severally break up the streets on the prescribed conditions, that inconvenience is deemed the lesser evil. If the public of Brisbane had been deprived of tramway communication until the City Council provided it that boon would have been indefinitely deferred, just as the wood blocking of Queen-street has been unjustifiably delayed. Should the bill pass in its present form the Council may at once make application for an Order-in-Council giving it authority to supply both electric light and power; but no monopoly will be granted, and if the Council do not undertake the supply within a reasonable time private enterprise will no doubt step in. The Order-in-Council remains current for the long term of forty-two years, which has been objected to; but recollecting that it confers no monopoly — that in the event of the public interests requiring it another Order-in-Council may be issued to a competing authority for the same area, and that the forty-two years' term has been adopted in the mother country after the failure of legislation imposing a shorter term — there seems no valid reason for refusing here an inducement that is freely granted elsewhere. The Warwick Gas Company also made objection to the bill in the person of their chairman, Mr. Hayes, but after examination and explanations that gentleman appeared to accept the position, his company would occupy under the bill. All conflicting interests now seem to have been fairly well reconciled, and it may be expected that the bill will pass without much opposition. Mr. Thynne must be congratulated upon the ability with which he has piloted the measure through the Select Committee, and that body have earned the thanks of the country by the care and assiduity with which their duties have been discharged.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636262 ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER BILL. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 6 October 1896 17 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh instructed by Thynne to develop a plan to convert small telegraph offices into telephone offices REORGANISING THE TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. The Postmaster-General (the Hon. A. J. Thynne) has instructed Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer of the Post and Telegraph Department, to have a map prepared showing the extent of the main lines of telegraph in the colony and what might be termed the subsidiary lines or feeders, with a view of ultimately converting a great many of what are now heavy drags on the expenditure of the department as telegraph offices into telephone offices. These converted offices will act as feeders to the main line, on the same principle as pertains in New Zealand.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636311 REORGANISING THE TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 6 October 1896 18 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh involved in a legal dispute over cab hiring to get to and from the Government Ball A CABMAN'S FARE. A case which created considerable interest among cabmen was heard in the City Small Debts Court on Wednesday, before Mr. G. P. M. Murray, Police Magistrate, and Messrs. G. Robert and W. Gilles, JJ.P. Patrick Foley, cabman, summoned J. Hesketh, Government Electrical Engineer, for the recovery of 15s. 7½d., cab fare, alleged to be due for a hiring. Defendant paid 6s. into court. The point at issue appeared to be whether the hiring was a continuous one, or whether there had been two distinct engagements. Defendant hired plaintiff on the Alice-street stand to drive him from The Mansions, George-street, to Government House, on the night of the last ball there. Defendant's wife accompanied him. He asked plaintiff if he could return about midnight, and he consented to do so. Plaintiff returned to the Alice-street rank, and subsequently to Government House at the hour mentioned. After driving defendant to The Mansions he demanded 7s. 6d., but defendant offered him 6s., which the cab-man refused to take, contending it was a continuous hiring, the legal fare for which would be 15s. 7½d. Defendant's contention was that there were two distinct hirings, the legal fare for which would have been 2s. 6d., but he was willing to pay 6s., and plaintiff having returned to the ranks, in accordance with the provisions of the by-laws, he was plying for hire; moreover, the fact of his demanding 7s. 6d. was evidence that plaintiff believed he had not been continuously hired. Mr. T. F. O'Carroll, Comptroller of Traffic, gave evidence that in his opinion the hiring had not been a continuous one, but that there had been two distinct hirings, the legal fare for which would have been 2s. 6d. Verdict was given for defendant, with 2s. costs of plea. Mr. Hesketh not asking for witnesses' expenses.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636581 A CABMAN'S FARE. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 9 October 1896 18 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh forewarns Municipal councils of possible consequences of passing of the Electric Lighting Bill THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING BILL. The Brisbane Municipal Council yesterday considered a communicatíon addressed by the Government Electrician to the Ipswich Municipal Council, in which Mr. Hesketh, referring to the bill now before Parliament, stated that in the event of the bill being made law many companies would doubtless seek powers to establish electric lighting undertakings in the principal towns, and unless forestalled by the local authority, would practically obtain a footing which could not be taken from them, except at great loss to the municipality. The Mayor referred to the new clause inserted in the bill by the Select Committee, making special provision that existing works should not be affected by the provisions of the Act, and that it should not be necessary to do more than apply for and obtain an order in respect to any such works constructed before 1st September last. Alderman Clark said that if no action was taken the council would suffer materially. He moved that the Mayor and Aldermen Fraser, McMaster, and Mr. Macdonald-Paterson, M.L.A., wait upon the Premier to bring the matter under his notice, and state the council's views upon the matter. The motion was agreed to. Alderman McMaster said that the Mayor should find out what authority the Electric Company had in the city of Brisbane. The bill was made retrospective, and it looked to him as if it was done for a purpose. They ought to inquire whether the company was registered, and who were the shareholders. If the Government was bringing in the bill to push the council aside for the purposes of a private company, it was time the council asserted their rights. The council had been for a number of years trying to get a special Act for the city. Although a supporter of the Government, he was not going to be a party to assisting them to rob the council. He moved, and it was agreed to, that the Mayor be requested to inquire if the Electric Company was registered, and to ascertain their powers and the powers of the council.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636676 THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING BILL. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 10 October 1896 18 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh attached as supernumerary Acting Lieutenant in Brisbane Engineers, Qld Defence Forces (Colonel Gunter) QUEENSLAND LAND FORCES. In General Orders dated 8th October, the following appointments and other changes are announced by the Com-mandant:— Brisbane Engineers: Acting Lieutenant J. Hesketh is attached to the corps as a supernumerary. . . .http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636669 QUEENSLAND LAND FORCES. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 10 October 1896 18 March 2020 4 Trove Hesketh supervises the laying of two new submarine cables in Moreton Bay, also tests their use for telephone rather than telegraph TELEPHONE V. TELEGRAPH. COMMUNICATION WITH ST. HELENA AND DUNWICH. Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer of the Post and Telegraph Department, was employed during the greater part of last week in superintending the laying of a second cable between St. Helena and Lytton. The old cable, which had failed, was restored, and a second cable laid, establishing a duplicate service from the island to the mainland. The Government steamer Pippo was used for laying the cable, and when at St. Helena Mr. Hesketh tried the experiment of telephoning by the cable from there to Brisbane, and was most successful. It is probable that the telephone will be used on that line in place of the telegraph. Mr. Hesketh, the electrical engineer of the Post and Telegraph Department, has concluded his experiments in telephone on the telegraph lines from Brisbane to Ipswich, they being in every way successful. One or two points will have to be finally arranged before the system can be used by the public, and its installation may be looked forward to shortly. In the meantime a dozen applications have been made to the department by outside places, where the telegraphic system is unsuited, for telephone connection. These applications will be dealt with as opportunity arises.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3636907 TELEPHONE V. TELEGRAPH. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 14 October 1896 18 March 2020 5 Trove Hesketh wins kudos from country districts for the telegraph-telephone conversion Brisbane Notes. (From our correspondent.) October 14. . . . The work of telephonising (if the word be accepted) our telegraph lines is going on apace. Telephony will soon be established between Brisbane and Ipswich, and numberless little telegraph offices that were over-looked in the conversion scheme are applying to be turned into telephone offices instead. People wanted to know what Mr. Hesketh, the Government Electrical Engineer, was going to do. Since his arrival no one has been busier, and at good work too. This conversion from telegraph to telephone will alone earn his salary many times over. Besides, electricity is the coming power, and should be dealt with accordingly.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article97476880 Brisbane Notes. Western Star And Roma Advertiser Queensland, Australia 17 October 1896 18 March 2020 3 Trove Hesketh in first visit to Maryborough district attending to several matters, conducts successful experiment in telephony between Maryborough and Brisbane GENERAL NEWS. . . . Mr. Hesketh, the new Government Electrical Engineer, is paying his first visit to this district. He proceeded from Brisbane to Childers to inspect the telegraph line from Childers to Cordalba, which is being erected according to his specifications, involving a new and improved system. Mr. Hesketh returned to Maryborough on Saturday, and in the evening had a informal interview with members of the . Chamber of Commerce at the School of Arts on the question of reduced rates to the telephone exchange. Some satisfactory information was given, and the matter will be pursued further. Yesterday morning, assisted by Mr. S. O'Brien, the Telegraph-master, Mr. Hesketh conducted a very successful experiment in long distance telephoney. In accordance with a prior arrangement, at the appointed hour the line was cleared between Maryborough and Brisbane, and the telephones hitched on. A remarkably clear and distinct conversation was then carried on between the gentlemen at this end, and the officials at the other, including, we understand, the Hon. A. J. Thynne, Postmaster-General. Mr. Hesketh appears to be a very accomplished, practical, and enterprising man, and we may look for many progressive reforms in the Department, which has been specially placed in his charge. Amongst other innovations, we believe, it is not improbable that telephone connection between Maryborough and Gympie will be established, the idea being to allow five minute conversations at the public telephones, for say one shilling. This would be a great advantage and boon to mining brokers and speculators. This morning before leaving for Brisbane, Mr. Hesketh will inspect the line across the river at the bridge, now supported on portions of the old bridge, which the Bridge Board have requested to be removed.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146979407 GENERAL NEWS Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay And Burnett Advertiser Queensland, Australia 26 October 1896 18 March 2020 2 Trove Comprehensive report of Hesketh interview by Maryborough Chamber of Commerce, telephones promoted, also need for PMGD to maintain telephone unit THE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. MR. HESKETH INTERVIEWED. In accordance with the wishes of the members of the Chamber of Commerce, the Secretary of that body (Mr. D. Gardner) interviewed Mr. Hesketh, Government Electrical Engineer, on Friday evening last, with reference to placing telephonic communication on a better footing in Maryborough than heretofore, and rendering this speedy mode of transacting business much more popular. Mr. Hesketh assured his interviewer that changes were at present underway, and there was every reason to hope that, if representations were made, Maryborough and all other towns would receive the same consideration as to terms as the metropolis. Questioned as to the telephones at present in use, Mr. Hesketh gave it as his opinion that nine tenths of the complaints made regarding the inability to distinguish what was spoken through the machines was due, not to any fault of the wires, but to defective instruments. "The telephone of ten years ago and the telephone of today are as chalk to cheese, said Mr. Hesketh, so great has been the improvements effected during the term mentioned. The life of a telephone is about ten years; little of the original instrument remains at the end of that term, the various important parts having been substituted in the course of repairs." In order to minimise these complaints, in most cases the result of not keeping the instrument in a proper state of repair, a scheme might be devised whereby the Government would supply the machines and keep them in thorough order. By this means the most approved instruments only would be fixed, and there would not be that tendency on the part of those in whose care they were entrusted to work them to death in order to save the cost of repairs, as, on the first indication of there being anything wrong with the instrument, the subscriber would forthwith notify the department and have the defect remedied. The first outlay, which is considerable, and in many cases a bar to having a connection with the exchange, would be avoided. Although not an official utterance, Mr. Hesketh believed that if the number of subscribers could be increased to fifty, the department would supply the instruments and keep them in repair at £8 per annum for the privilege of connection, the membership fee to be payable in half-yearly instalments, instead of yearly as at present. This would be a great consideration, as those not now connected would only require to lay out £4 instead of about £20. Under these arrangements there is little doubt that the required number (50, or 21 additional to the number now connected), and many more could be induced to subscribe, and it but remains for the Chamber of Commerce to take the initial step of placing the matter before the hon. the Postmaster-General. Another subject spoken of was long distance telephonic communication, such as a connection with Gympie, Bundaberg, and the Isis. In Mr. Hesketh's opinion this would be very easily accomplished, and it but remained for the towns interested to bring this under the notice of the department. Asked as to the probable cost, Mr. Hesketh said he thought a guarantee of £80 a year would be sufficient to ensure connection with either Gympie or Bundaberg. When once the connection was made, all a business man in the towns named would require to do would be to ask to be connected with number so-an-so, Gympie or Maryborough, as the case might be, and on payment of 1s. have a three minutes conversation with those with whom he desired to do business. This, it must be admitted, would be a great improvement on the telegraph system, with its delays in delivery and other drawbacks in the way of mutilation of messages, besides bringing the towns in closer commercial touch with each other. Mr. Hesketh is evidently a firm believer in the advantages of the telephonic communication as a feeder to such a telegraph system as that of Queensland, and from the interesting interview with him, the secretary of the Chamber of Commerce is of opinion that he is prepared to render every assistance possible in popularising this speedy and effective means of transacting business. No time should be lost by the Chamber in urging the adoption of such a scheme as that set forth with reference to the supply of instruments by the Government, and the reduction in the price to, say, £8, payable in two instalments. We have been given to understand that the Government have already ordered some 300 of the best instruments procurable (up-to-date machines), and should we be successful in obtaining some of these, the popularity of the telephone exchange would assuredly increase. Years ago, with all its drawbacks, the present mode was fairly well appreciated, some seventy of the business men of the town having found it desirable to be connected. Surely, with all the modern appliances and a better knowledge of the importance of connection, there should be no difficulty in inducing the required number to enrol and thus obtain the benefit of the reduction, as well as a superior machine kept in thorough working order by the department.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146982410 THE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay And Burnett Advertiser Queensland, Australia 27 October 1896 18 March 2020 2 Trove 1896 11 Hesketh supports extension of telephone system to Drayton LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Drayton Shire Council. The regular meeting of the Drayton Shire Council was held on Wednesday afternoon, the members present being Messrs R. Handley (Chairman), W. Crawford, W. Peak, S. G. Shepperd, J. French, J. Shepperd, J. Brown, and R. Harvey. The minutes of last regular meeting were read and confirmed. CORRESPONDENCE. . . . From W. H. Groom, stating that in accordance with his promise at last general election to try to get telephonic communication with Drayton he had had an interview with the Under Secretary for Post and Telegraph Offices and Mr Hesketh the Electrical Engineer, who were both favourable to the project. Telephonic communication would be rendered certain if the Shire Council would help to a certain extent. The salary of the operator in Drayton would be £10 per annum, and the Department would be satisfied if the returns from the Drayton Office reached that amount but should it not do so he desired to know whether the Council would make up the deficiency to £10. Mr Groom to be informed that the Council is willing to make up the deficiency if any is required. On the motion of Councillor Handley, seconded by Councillor French, the Clerk was instructed to write and thank Messrs. Groom and Fogarty for the interest they had taken in these matters.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article170811909 LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Darling Downs Gazette Queensland, Australia 7 November 1896 19 March 2020 5 Trove Hesketh accompanies the Qld Postmaster-General to the postal conference in Sydney LADIES COLUMNS. SOCIAL DOINGS. . . . The Hon. A. J. Thynne and Miss Thynne left for Sydney on Thursday evening, where Mr. Thynne will attend the sittings of the Postal Conference. Mr. Thynne was accompanied by Mr. J. McDonnell, Under Secretary to the Post and Telegraph Department, and Mr. John Hesketh, electrical engineer.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172147241 LADIES COLUMNS. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 14 November 1896 19 March 2020 6 Trove Hesketh passes through Wallangarra on his way to the postal conference in Sydney OVERLAND PASSENGERS. (By Telegraph.) WALLANGARRA, November 13. The following passengers travelled by mail train today:— For Sydney: Messrs. E. James, Hon. A. J. Thynne, Miss Thynne, Messrs. J. McDonnell, J. Hesketh, W. McLean, Thomas Walters, F. W. Lord, G. R. Allen, R. Kelvin, Mrs. Eustace. For Melbourne: Mr. A. J. Ketchner, Mr. and Mrs. F. J. Miles. . . .http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3639305 OVERLAND PASSENGERS. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 14 November 1896 19 March 2020 5 Trove New post & telegraph regulations approved and to take effect 1 March 1897, rates and processes to be revised, telephones to be supplied and maintained by the P&TD NEW TELEPHONE RATES. FRESH REGULATIONS. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM. TELEPHONOGRAMS AND TRUNK LINES. At the meeting of the Executive Council yesterday, the new regulations under which the telephone system is to be worked from the 1st March, 1897, were approved. It has been known that for long the Postmaster-General has had under his consideration the complete revision of the rates, and since Mr. Hesketh's arrival the question has been given special prominence. It was recognised that the present system is far from efficient, and therefore the recommendation of the electrical engineer to adopt the underground metallic circuit system was adopted, and the necessary material ordered. By far the most fruitful source of trouble hitherto has been the instrument faults. Last year out of a total of 3519 faults 2858 were instrument faults. The instruments hitherto used have been of a variety of types and patterns, and have all been the property of the subscribers, they having purchased them from local dealers. This the Postmaster-General has decided to alter. In future all instruments will be supplied by the department, and therefore the responsibility of the whole system will be theirs. Local dealers may consider themselves aggrieved, but it is urged In reply that the fault has been in permitting them to interfere in the past — not in preventing them in the future. We understand that the instruments ordered from home are to be of the English Hunnings type. A full specification has been sent to the Agent-General by the Electrical Engineer, and he will wire the name of the selected tenderer for acceptance. Where a subscriber already owns his instrument these changes will still hold, but the department undertake full maintenance of the instrument, and will replace it immediately it becomes faulty. So far as the rates to be charged in future for Brisbane are concerned, there is not much change. The rates will be £6 per annum for the first half-mile, and 25s. for every additional half-mile, including wire and instrument Seeing that out of the 600 subscribers over 400 are within the half-mile radius, this is a distinct reduction, having regard to the fact that the new service will be far more efficient. By far the greatest advantage is given to suburban and country exchanges, which are now placed on the same terms as Brisbane. Residential districts should now be connected with the system, for £6 is not a high rate to pay for the service, especially when it is paid in half-yearly instalments. This is provided for by the suburban exchange clause. Fifteen renters insure a service from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., and thirty a continuous service. This also holds for country towns. The rates for call office communication have been reduced to 3d. for three minutes, and a system of telephonograms introduced. Subscribers to the Telephone Exchange can now send telephonograms for delivery in the mile radius for 6d. for twenty words, and 1d. for every succeeding four words. This advantage should now be extended to the general public as well as to telephone subscribers. Trunk lines are contemplated between any two towns possessing exchanges, so that should the Ipswich people desire to bring to a successful issue their agitation for a trunk line to Brisbane, they need only provide the necessary fifteen or thirty subscribers, and the trunk line will follow as a matter of course. Altogether the new rates are, we believe, far lower than those charged in any of the other colonies, and if the new system be all it promises to be, there should be no grounds for any complaint.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3639609 NEW TELEPHONE RATES. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 19 November 1896 19 March 2020 2 Trove As previous Brisbane News. [From Our Metropolitan Files.] Tuesday, November 17. . . . At the meeting of the Executive Council, today, the new regulations under which the telephone system is to be worked from the 1st of March, 1897, were approved. It has been known that for long the Postmaster-General has had under his consideration the complete revision of the rates, and since Mr. Hesketh's arrival the question has been given special prominence. It was recognised that the present system is far from efficient, and therefore the recommendation of the electrical engineer to adopt the underground metallic circuit system was adopted, and the necessary material ordered. Trunk lines are contemplated between any two towns possessing exchanges, so that should the Ipswich people desire to bring to a successful issue their agitation for a trunk line to Brisbane, they need only provide the necessary fifteen or thirty subscribers, and the trunk line will follow as a matter of course.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123369471 Brisbane News. Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser Queensland, Australia 19 November 1896 19 March 2020 7 Trove Maryborough Chamber of Commerce notes that telephone subscribers unlikely to renew subscriptions with new rates imminent CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. The monthly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce was held in the School of Arts last night. Present — Messrs. Jas. Hockley (president), E. B. C. Corser, Jas. Robertson, F. G. Popp, J. Graham, G. Horsburgh, H. M. Ramsay, and Jas. Fairlie. The minutes of the previous meeting were confirmed, and correspondence read. . . . The Secretary reported upon an interview he had had with Mr. Hesketh, the Government Electrician, with regard to the telephones. What Mr. Hesketh had stated was practically embodied in the report in the Courier of that day's issue. (See below). It was stated that in face of the proposed reductions in March, no one would be likely to renew the telephones on the 1st January at the old rates. A motion was passed that the Postmaster General be asked to allow the Maryborough subscribers to pay the new rates from 1st January, with the use of the old telephones till replaced by the new Government machines. Meanwhile the Telephone Subcommittee will endeavour to increase the subscribers to the telephone exchange, on the basis of the new rates.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146992796 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay And Burnett Advertiser Queensland, Australia 20 November 1896 19 March 2020 2 Trove Hesketh returns to Brisbane from the postal conference in Sydney OVERLAND PASSENGERS. WALLANGARRA, November 21. The following passengers travelled by mail train to-day:— . . . For Brisbane: Mr. and Mrs. S. Rowlands, Miss Hogan, Messrs. John Hesketh, C. F. Parkinson, A. W. Walker, W. Speeding, John Hogan, H. F. Lord, H. Cooling, D. Lanham, W. Marshall, and D. R. McCulloch.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3639905 OVERLAND PASSENGERS. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 23 November 1896 19 March 2020 5 Trove Hesketh's new regulations quickly result in a movement in Toowoomba to establish a telephone exchange to enable telephone communication with Brisbane TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION. Mr. Hesketh, the recently appointed electrical engineer, has not been idle since his appointment. One of the chief matters that has engaged his attention has been a complete investigation of telephonic communication as at present carried on in Queensland. Needless to say, it has not by any means met with his approbation, and he has recommended several alterations, which at a meeting of the Executive Council last week were approved, and the new telephone system will come into operation on the 1st March, 1897. The rents to be charged in future have been reduced from £10 to £6 for the first half mile from the exchange, and 25s for every additional half-mile. Where fifteen subscribers can be obtained a service will be given from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., and where there are thirty the service will be continuous. In addition trunk lines are contemplated between towns containing exchanges. The opportunity has now arrived for the business men of Toowoomba to establish an exchange. On more than one occasion it has been tried before, but has proved a failure, principally owing to the impossibility to connect with Brisbane. As this disability may now be removed the time has come for taking action. Mr C. W. Hamilton, and this Office, have always taken an active interest in trying to bring about the establishment of a telephone exchange in Toowoomba and if those desirous of joining in the movement will commnnicate with Mr Hamilton or the Gazette Office, the basis of a scheme may be arranged. The benefits of having direct telephonic communication with Brisbane should be too apparent to every business man in the place to need an explanation. The rate for call office communication has been reduced to three pence for three minutes, and subscribers have the further advantage of sending a telephone message containing twenty words for sixpence, and the message will be delivered within the radius of a mile from the exchange.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article170809256 TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION. Darling Downs Gazette Queensland, Australia 25 November 1896 19 March 2020 2 Trove 1896 12 Hesketh's position in respect of the Electric Light and Power Bill aired in Parliament PARLIAMENT. Friday, December 4. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. The Speaker read prayers, and took the chair at 3.30 o'clock. ADDITIONAL SITTING DAY. Mr. Tozer, for Sir Hugh Nelson, moved, — "That the House will meet for the despatch of business at 3 o'clock p.m. on Monday next, in addition to the days already provided by sessional order; and that Government business take precedence of all other business on that day." In doing so he pointed out to what an extent the paper was burdened with orders of the day, and how in asking for the extra sitting day it was intended to advance a number of minor but still very important measures of a non-contentious character. He hoped the extra sitting day would be allowed. Mr. Glassey said it was extraordinary that there was such an array of Government measures on the paper at this late stage of the session. There was something wrong when the House was asked to do so much business in a week or two. It signified that there had been a great want of foresight. He further pointed out that on the business paper there were many motions by private members, and if the Premier meant to draw the session to a close without giving opportunity for consideration of them, he was making a mistake. . . . ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER BILL. Mr. Tozer moved the second reading of the Electric Light and Power Bill, which he said was practically a summary of the English legislation on the subject. The bill had been thoroughly revised by a Select Committee of the Legislative Council. Mr. Glassey said he absolutely declined to discuss the details of a bill of such magnitude at this late stage of the session. Mr. McMaster said the bill ought to have been brought on in the Assembly earlier. In fact he thought it ought to have been introduced in the Assembly. The bill was designed to protect certain companies and to curtail the powers of local authorities. Mr. Tozer: What companies? Mr. McMaster: Any company that has an electric wire stretched over any portion of a town. Mr. Tozer: Whatever Barton got, the Brisbane Municipal Council gave him. Mr. McMaster: They did not. He had stretched wire without one permission, with the exception of two. (Laughter.) He questioned whether the electric light was going to be the best light for the lighting of cities. He believed the incandescent lights on the gas were superior. Mr. Browne said the Croydon Municipal Council had been trying for two years to get authority to establish and control electric lighting, but they could not get that authority under the Local Government Act. Mr. Annear said that legislation of this kind should emanate from the representatives of the people. He urged the withdrawal of the bill. Mr. Fraser said that if the bill were passed the Brisbane Municipal Council would have to give notice to electric light companies before they could repair their streets. Mr. Battersby said he believed the measure was required by towns other than Brisbane. Mr. Drake moved the adjournment of the debate. Mr. Tozer said that the bill had been before members since August. Mr. Dawson: The bill is contentious. Mr. Tozer: Solely from the point of view of the Brisbane Municipal Council. Mr. McMaster: No. Mr. Drake: Those persons who have studied it most are most opposed to it. Mr. Tozer referred to what the Government electrician (Mr. Hesketh) had said as to the urgency of the bill. No expert had objected to the measure. Mr. McDonald read from the Electrical Review a condemnatory criticism on the electric light system of Blackpool by the present engineer for that town. Mr. Bell, who defended Mr. Hesketh, said he had heard that gentleman state that he very much wished the bill to pass. Mr. McDonnell said the debate should be adjourned, because the bill was opposed by local authorities. Mr. Hesketh, in a report to the Ipswich Municipal Counoil, had condemned the bill. Mr. Leahy said that Mr. Bell had given an extraordinary reason why the bill should be proceeded with. The motion for the adjournment of the debate was defeated by 26 votes to 22. Mr. Leahy urged that the bill be not proceeded with. The House was just about sick of work. The bill was read a second time on the voices, and its committal fixed for Tuesday next. . . .http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172136054 PARLIAMENT. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 5 December 1896 20 March 2020 6 Trove Explanation of the Blackpool electricity system problems having been identified by Hesketh rather than created by him IN THE GALLERY. Business went through with a rush yesterday afternoon. There was a bit of a block at the outset consequent upon the proposition of the Premier to adjourn over Thursday afternoon. One or two members, notably Mr. Dunsford, made a bid for the donation of an hour or two of Government time to permit of divisions being taken on private members' business; but the agitation was without result, and Sir Hugh had his way. . . . The other evening Mr. McDonald, reading from the "Electrician," counselled care in accepting Mr. Hesketh's opinion on certain matters, the scientific paper in question having shown that the Blackpool electric lighting system, with which Mr. Hesketh had had some connection, had proved a failure. Yesterday the Home Secretary read correspondence, which showed that Mr. Hesketh had really demonstrated the failure of the Blackpool plant, and was in no way connected with its failure. There was just a suspicion that this matter would be taken further owing to a few casual but pointed references to Mr. McDonald's action by the member for Dalby, but nothing happened. Pursuing his usual policy, the leader of the Labour party moved a reduction in the Under Secretary's salary. It was, like all other similar motions, rejected in division. The department's estimates shortly afterwards were put through.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3641247 IN THE GALLERY. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 10 December 1896 20 March 2020 5 Trove Hesketh mentioned (not altogether favourably) in Qld Parliament's supply debate (see previous for explanation) LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. The Speaker (Hon. A. S. Cowley) read prayers, and took the chair at 3.30 o'clock. QUESTION OF ADJOURNMENT. The Premier moved,— "That the House at its rising adjourn till 6.30 p.m. next day." Mr. McDonald and Mr. Dunsford opposed the motion, on the grounds that members were anxious to get away to their homes. The motion was agreed to. . . . SUPPLY. Postmaster-General. Resumption of Committee. On the item, "Salaries," £137,540 — Mr. Byrnes detailed how the vote was an increase on the amount Iast year in consequence of increases to salaries. Mr. Dickson referred to the proposed change in reference to the carriage of newspapers from the southern colonies. He was not in favour of postage on newspapers at all, since they constituted an educational medium, it was desirable to circulate freely. . . . Mr. Macdonald-Paterson discussed the efficacy of the Civil Service Board in preventing such grievances as had been referred to. There were too many boards, and yet it seemed it was impossible for an employee to get justice in the Postal Department. Mr. Glassey said that it was time that the letter carriers, who had so far done their work so well, should be permanently appointed. The services rendered by those men were of such a character that they should be recognised and be permanently appointed. One officer in Gympie, of 24 years of age, was receiving £80 a year. Mr. Browne stated that the telegraphic line labourers complained that when working they were only paid so much per day, and that they had no chance of being appointed line repairers, messengers being appointed in preference to others who were not so competent for the work. Mr. Kerr complained that the answers he got in reference to the mail service between Gramzow and Beenleigh and Gramzow and Redland Bay were incorrect, He had visited the Logan electorate, and what struck him was the extensive accommodation in that electorate compared with that in the western districts. Mr. Stodart said that he had been through the Logan electorate that day and had only seen one post office. He advised the member for the Barcoo to look after his own electorate. Mr. Kerr asked if it was the intention of the department to run a service between Barcaldine and Blackall. Mr. Fitzgerald asked why the Government could not do in the western district as they did in other parts of the colony and utilise every possible means for creating mail services. Mr. Byrnes replying to Mr. Kerr, stated that the department had inquired into the matter, and decided that the traffic between Barcaldine and Blackall did not justify the expenditure for a mail service. Mr. Tozer said that the hon. member for Flinders had referred to a certain officer who had been brought out from home, as a failure when he had been previously employed at Blackpool; but he (Mr. Tozer) contended that that was not so, as anyone who had anything to do with Mr. Hesketh had certified to his ability. Mr. McDonald said that he had not said anything against the electrical engineer. He merely cautioned the Government to go steady in appointments of this land, in view of the reports circulated. He thought that the Home Secretary might have let him know that he was going to bring up the matter. Mr. Bell thought that Mr. McDonald should have announced to the Home Secretary that he intended to bring up the matter in the first place. Mr. McDonald contended that he should have done nothing of the kind. Mr. Keogh complained of the unfair manner in which the telegraph officers at the Ipswich station were treated in the matter of pay.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172146135 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. The Telegraph Queensland, Australia 10 December 1896 20 March 2020 6 Trove Further detail of previous PARLIAMENT. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. The Presiding Chairman took the chair at 3.30 p.m. . . . Mr. TOZER, referring to a statement made the other day by Mr. McDonald, said that Mr. Hesketh, the Superinten-dent of Electric Telegraphs, was not a failure in the position he occupied at Blackpool; but that he bore a very high reputation at home. Mr. MCDONALD said he had said nothing against Mr. Hesketh.All he said was that in the face of a report regarding certain works at Blackpool the House should go slow regarding electrical matters here. Mr. BELL argued that Mr. McDonald should have exercised greater caution before he made any remark concerning Mr. Hesketh. Mr. MCDONALD stated that the para-graph with reference to the Blackpool electrical works came quite accidentally under his notice, and he felt himself quite justified in making the remarks he did.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3641259 PARLIAMENT. The Brisbane Courier Queensland, Australia 10 December 1896 20 March 2020 7 Trove 1897 1897 01 1897 02 1897 03 1897 04 1897 05 1897 06 1897 07 1897 08 1897 09 1897 10 1897 11 1897 12 1898 1898 01 1898 02 1898 03 1898 04 1898 05 1898 06 1898 07 1898 08 1898 09 1898 10 1898 11 1898 12 1899 1899 01 1899 02 1899 03 1899 04 1899 05 1899 06 1899 07 1899 08 1899 09 1899 10 1899 11 1899 12 1900s 1900 1900 01 1900 02 1900 03 1900 04 1900 05 1900 06 1900 07 1900 08 1900 09 1900 10 1900 11 1900 12 1901 1901 01 1901 02 1901 03 1901 04 1901 05 1901 06 1901 07 1901 08 1901 09 1901 10 1901 11 1901 12 1902 1902 01 1902 02 1902 03 1902 04 1902 05 1902 06 1902 07 1902 08 1902 09 1902 10 1902 11 1902 12 1903 1903 01 1903 02 1903 03 1903 04 1903 05 1903 06 1903 07 1903 08 1903 09 1903 10 1903 11 1903 12 1904 1904 01 1904 02 1904 03 1904 04 1904 05 1904 06 1904 07 1904 08 1904 09 1904 10 1904 11 1904 12 1905 1905 01 1905 02 1905 03 1905 04 1905 05 1905 06 1905 07 1905 08 1905 09 1905 10 1905 11 1905 12 1906 1906 01 1906 02 1906 03 1906 04 1906 05 1906 06 1906 07 1906 08 1906 09 1906 10 1906 11 1906 12 1907 1907 01 1907 02 1907 03 1907 04 1907 05 1907 06 1907 07 1907 08 1907 09 1907 10 1907 11 1907 12 1908 1908 01 1908 02 1908 03 1908 04 1908 05 1908 06 1908 07 1908 08 1908 09 1908 10 1908 11 1908 12 1909 1909 01 1909 02 1909 03 1909 04 1909 05 1909 06 1909 07 1909 08 1909 09 1909 10 1909 11 1909 12 1910s 1910 1910 01 1910 02 1910 03 1910 04 1910 05 1910 06 1910 07 1910 08 1910 09 1910 10 1910 11 1910 12 1911 1911 01 1911 02 1911 03 1911 04 1911 05 1911 06 1911 07 1911 08 1911 09 1911 10 1911 11 1911 12 1912 1912 01 1912 02 1912 03 1912 04 1912 05 1912 06 1912 07 1912 08 1912 09 1912 10 1912 11 1912 12 1913 1913 01 1913 02 1913 03 1913 04 1913 05 1913 06 1913 07 1913 08 1913 09 1913 10 1913 11 1913 12 1914 1914 01 1914 02 1914 03 1914 04 1914 05 1914 06 1914 07 1914 08 1914 09 1914 10 1914 11 1914 12 1915 1915 01 1915 02 1915 03 1915 04 1915 05 1915 06 1915 07 1915 08 1915 09 1915 10 1915 11 1915 12 1916 1916 01 1916 02 1916 03 1916 04 1916 05 1916 06 1916 07 1916 08 1916 09 1916 10 1916 11 1916 12 1917 1917 01 1917 02 1917 03 1917 04 1917 05 1917 06 1917 07 1917 08 1917 09 1917 10 1917 11 1917 12 1918 1918 01 1918 02 1918 03 1918 04 1918 05 1918 06 1918 07 1918 08 1918 09 1918 10 1918 11 1918 12 1919 1919 01 1919 02 1919 03 1919 04 1919 05 1919 06 1919 07 1919 08 1919 09 1919 10 1919 11 1919 12 1920s 1920 1920 01 1920 02 1920 03 1920 04 1920 05 1920 06 1920 07 1920 08 1920 09 1920 10 1920 11 1920 12 1921 1921 01 1921 02 1921 03 1921 04 1921 05 1921 06 1921 07 1921 08 1921 09 1921 10 1921 11 1921 12 1922 1922 01 1922 02 1922 03 1922 04 1922 05 1922 06 1922 07 1922 08 1922 09 1922 10 1922 11 1922 12 1923 1923 01 1923 02 1923 03 1923 04 1923 05 1923 06 1923 07 1923 08 1923 09 1923 10 1923 11 1923 12 1924 1924 01 1924 02 1924 03 1924 04 1924 05 1924 06 1924 07 1924 08 1924 09 1924 10 1924 11 1924 12 1925 1925 01 1925 02 1925 03 1925 04 1925 05 1925 06 1925 07 1925 08 1925 09 1925 10 1925 11 1925 12 1926 1926 01 1926 02 1926 03 1926 04 1926 05 1926 06 1926 07 1926 08 1926 09 1926 10 1926 11 1926 12 1927 1927 01 1927 02 1927 03 1927 04 1927 05 1927 06 1927 07 1927 08 1927 09 1927 10 1927 11 1927 12 1928 1928 01 1928 02 1928 03 1928 04 1928 05 1928 06 1928 07 1928 08 1928 09 1928 10 1928 11 1928 12 1929 1929 01 1929 02 1929 03 1929 04 1929 05 1929 06 1929 07 1929 08 1929 09 1929 10 1929 11 1929 12 1930s 1930 1930 01 1930 02 1930 03 1930 04 1930 05 1930 06 1930 07 1930 08 1930 09 1930 10 1930 11 1930 12 1931 1931 01 1931 02 1931 03 1931 04 1931 05 1931 06 1931 07 1931 08 1931 09 1931 10 1931 11 1931 12 1932 1932 01 1932 02 1932 03 1932 04 1932 05 1932 06 1932 07 1932 08 1932 09 1932 10 1932 11 1932 12 1933 1933 01 1933 02 1933 03 1933 04 1933 05 1933 06 1933 07 1933 08 1933 09 1933 10 1933 11 1933 12 1934 1934 01 1934 02 1934 03 1934 04 1934 05 1934 06 1934 07 1934 08 1934 09 1934 10 1934 11 1934 12 1935 1935 01 1935 02 1935 03 1935 04 1935 05 1935 06 1935 07 1935 08 1935 09 1935 10 1935 11 1935 12 1936 1936 01 1936 02 1936 03 1936 04 1936 05 1936 06 1936 07 1936 08 1936 09 1936 10 1936 11 1936 12 1937 1937 01 1937 02 1937 03 1937 04 1937 05 1937 06 1937 07 1937 08 1937 09 1937 10 1937 11 1937 12 1938 1938 01 1938 02 1938 03 1938 04 1938 05 1938 06 1938 07 1938 08 1938 09 1938 10 1938 11 1938 12 1939 1939 01 1939 02 1939 03 1939 04 1939 05 1939 06 1939 07 1939 08 1939 09 1939 10 1939 11 1939 12 1940s 1940 1940 01 1940 02 1940 03 1940 04 1940 05 1940 06 1940 07 1940 08 1940 09 1940 10 1940 11 1940 12 1941 1941 01 1941 02 1941 03 1941 04 1941 05 1941 06 1941 07 1941 08 1941 09 1941 10 1941 11 1941 12 1942 1942 01 1942 02 1942 03 1942 04 1942 05 1942 06 1942 07 1942 08 1942 09 1942 10 1942 11 1942 12 1943 1943 01 1943 02 1943 03 1943 04 1943 05 1943 06 1943 07 1943 08 1943 09 1943 10 1943 11 1943 12 1944 1944 01 1944 02 1944 03 1944 04 1944 05 1944 06 1944 07 1944 08 1944 09 1944 10 1944 11 1944 12 1945 1945 01 1945 02 1945 03 1945 04 1945 05 1945 06 1945 07 1945 08 1945 09 1945 10 1945 11 1945 12 1946 1946 01 1946 02 1946 03 1946 04 1946 05 1946 06 1946 07 1946 08 1946 09 1946 10 1946 11 1946 12 1947 1947 01 1947 02 1947 03 1947 04 1947 05 1947 06 1947 07 1947 08 1947 09 1947 10 1947 11 1947 12 1948 1948 01 1948 02 1948 03 1948 04 1948 05 1948 06 1948 07 1948 08 1948 09 1948 10 1948 11 1948 12 1949 1949 01 1949 02 1949 03 1949 04 1949 05 1949 06 1949 07 1949 08 1949 09 1949 10 1949 11 1949 12 1950s 1950 1950 01 1950 02 1950 03 1950 04 1950 05 1950 06 1950 07 1950 08 1950 09 1950 10 1950 11 1950 12 1951 1951 01 1951 02 1951 03 1951 04 1951 05 1951 06 1951 07 1951 08 1951 09 1951 10 1951 11 1951 12 1952 1952 01 1952 02 1952 03 1952 04 1952 05 1952 06 1952 07 1952 08 1952 09 1952 10 1952 11 1952 12 1953 1953 01 1953 02 1953 03 1953 04 1953 05 1953 06 1953 07 1953 08 1953 09 1953 10 1953 11 1953 12 1954 1954 01 1954 02 1954 03 1954 04 1954 05 1954 06 1954 07 1954 08 1954 09 1954 10 1954 11 1954 12 1955 1955 01 1955 02 1955 03 1955 04 1955 05 1955 06 1955 07 1955 08 1955 09 1955 10 1955 11 1955 12 1956 1956 01 1956 02 1956 03 1956 04 1956 05 1956 06 1956 07 1956 08 1956 09 1956 10 1956 11 1956 12 1957 1957 01 1957 02 1957 03 1957 04 1957 05 1957 06 1957 07 1957 08 1957 09 1957 10 1957 11 1957 12 1958 1958 01 1958 02 1958 03 1958 04 1958 05 1958 06 1958 07 1958 08 1958 09 1958 10 1958 11 1958 12 1959 1959 01 1959 02 1959 03 1959 04 1959 05 1959 06 1959 07 1959 08 1959 09 1959 10 1959 11 1959 12 1960s 1960 1960 01 1960 02 1960 03 1960 04 1960 05 1960 06 1960 07 1960 08 1960 09 1960 10 1960 11 1960 12 1961 1961 01 1961 02 1961 03 1961 04 1961 05 1961 06 1961 07 1961 08 1961 09 1961 10 1961 11 1961 12 1962 1962 01 1962 02 1962 03 1962 04 1962 05 1962 06 1962 07 1962 08 1962 09 1962 10 1962 11 1962 12 1963 1963 01 1963 02 1963 03 1963 04 1963 05 1963 06 1963 07 1963 08 1963 09 1963 10 1963 11 1963 12 1964 1964 01 1964 02 1964 03 1964 04 1964 05 1964 06 1964 07 1964 08 1964 09 1964 10 1964 11 1964 12 1965 1965 01 1965 02 1965 03 1965 04 1965 05 1965 06 1965 07 1965 08 1965 09 1965 10 1965 11 1965 12 1966 1966 01 1966 02 1966 03 1966 04 1966 05 1966 06 1966 07 1966 08 1966 09 1966 10 1966 11 1966 12 1967 1967 01 1967 02 1967 03 1967 04 1967 05 1965 06 1965 07 1967 08 1967 09 1967 10 1967 11 1967 12 1968 1968 01 1968 02 1968 03 1968 04 1968 05 1968 06 1968 07 1968 08 1968 09 1968 10 1968 11 1968 12 1969 1969 01 1969 02 1969 03 1969 04 1969 05 1969 06 1969 07 1969 08 1969 09 1969 10 1969 11 1969 12 1970s 1970 1970 01 1970 02 1970 03 1970 04 1970 05 1970 06 1970 07 1970 08 1970 09 1970 10 1970 11 1970 12 1971 1971 01 1971 02 1971 03 1971 04 1971 05 1971 06 1971 07 1971 08 1971 09 1971 10 1971 11 1971 12 1972 1972 01 1972 02 1972 03 1972 04 1972 05 1972 06 1972 07 1972 08 1972 09 1972 10 1972 11 1972 12 1973 1973 01 1973 02 1973 03 1973 04 1973 05 1973 06 1973 07 1973 08 1973 09 1973 10 1973 11 1973 12 1974 1974 01 1974 02 1974 03 1974 04 1974 05 1974 06 1974 07 1974 08 1974 09 1974 10 1974 11 1974 12 1975 1975 01 1975 02 1975 03 1975 04 1975 05 1975 06 1975 07 1975 08 1975 09 1975 10 1975 11 1975 12 1976 1976 01 1976 02 1976 03 1976 04 1976 05 1976 06 1976 07 1976 08 1976 09 1976 10 1976 11 1976 12 1977 1977 01 1977 02 1977 03 1977 04 1977 05 1975 06 1975 07 1977 08 1977 09 1977 10 1977 11 1977 12 1978 1978 01 1978 02 1978 03 1978 04 1978 05 1978 06 1978 07 1978 08 1978 09 1978 10 1978 11 1978 12 1979 1979 01 1979 02 1979 03 1979 04 1979 05 1979 06 1979 07 1979 08 1979 09 1979 10 1979 11 1979 12 1980s 1980 1980 01 1980 02 1980 03 1980 04 1980 05 1980 06 1980 07 1980 08 1980 09 1980 10 1980 11 1980 12 1981 1981 01 1981 02 1981 03 1981 04 1981 05 1981 06 1981 07 1981 08 1981 09 1981 10 1981 11 1981 12 1982 1982 01 1982 02 1982 03 1982 04 1982 05 1982 06 1982 07 1982 08 1982 09 1982 10 1982 11 1982 12 1983 1983 01 1983 02 1983 03 1983 04 1983 05 1983 06 1983 07 1983 08 1983 09 1983 10 1983 11 1983 12 1984 1984 01 1984 02 1984 03 1984 04 1984 05 1984 06 1984 07 1984 08 1984 09 1984 10 1984 11 1984 12 1985 1985 01 1985 02 1985 03 1985 04 1985 05 1985 06 1985 07 1985 08 1985 09 1985 10 1985 11 1985 12 1986 1986 01 1986 02 1986 03 1986 04 1986 05 1986 06 1986 07 1986 08 1986 09 1986 10 1986 11 1986 12 1987 1987 01 1987 02 1987 03 1987 04 1987 05 1985 06 1985 07 1987 08 1987 09 1987 10 1987 11 1987 12 1988 1988 01 1988 02 1988 03 1988 04 1988 05 1988 06 1988 07 1988 08 1988 09 1988 10 1988 11 1988 12 1989 1989 01 1989 02 1989 03 1989 04 1989 05 1989 06 1989 07 1989 08 1989 09 1989 10 1989 11 1989 12 1990s 1990 1990 01 1990 02 1990 03 1990 04 1990 05 1990 06 1990 07 1990 08 1990 09 1990 10 1990 11 1990 12 1991 1991 01 1991 02 1991 03 1991 04 1991 05 1991 06 1991 07 1991 08 1991 09 1991 10 1991 11 1991 12 1992 1992 01 1992 02 1992 03 1992 04 1992 05 1992 06 1992 07 1992 08 1992 09 1992 10 1992 11 1992 12 1993 1993 01 1993 02 1993 03 1993 04 1993 05 1993 06 1993 07 1993 08 1993 09 1993 10 1993 11 1993 12 1994 1994 01 1994 02 1994 03 1994 04 1994 05 1994 06 1994 07 1994 08 1994 09 1994 10 1994 11 1994 12 1995 1995 01 1995 02 1995 03 1995 04 1995 05 1995 06 1995 07 1995 08 1995 09 1995 10 1995 11 1995 12 1996 1996 01 1996 02 1996 03 1996 04 1996 05 1996 06 1996 07 1996 08 1996 09 1996 10 1996 11 1996 12 1997 1997 01 1997 02 1997 03 1997 04 1997 05 1995 06 1995 07 1997 08 1997 09 1997 10 1997 11 1997 12 1998 1998 01 1998 02 1998 03 1998 04 1998 05 1998 06 1998 07 1998 08 1998 09 1998 10 1998 11 1998 12 1999 1999 01 1999 02 1999 03 1999 04 1999 05 1999 06 1999 07 1999 08 1999 09 1999 10 1999 11 1999 12 2000s 2000 2000 01 2000 02 2000 03 2000 04 2000 05 2000 06 2000 07 2000 08 2000 09 2000 10 2000 11 2000 12 2001 2001 01 2001 02 2001 03 2001 04 2001 05 2001 06 2001 07 2001 08 2001 09 2001 10 2001 11 2001 12 2002 2002 01 2002 02 2002 03 2002 04 2002 05 2002 06 2002 07 2002 08 2002 09 2002 10 2002 11 2002 12 2003 2003 01 2003 02 2003 03 2003 04 2003 05 2003 06 2003 07 2003 08 2003 09 2003 10 2003 11 2003 12 2004 2004 01 2004 02 2004 03 2004 04 2004 05 2004 06 2004 07 2004 08 2004 09 2004 10 2004 11 2004 12 2005 2005 01 2005 02 2005 03 2005 04 2005 05 2005 06 2005 07 2005 08 2005 09 2005 10 2005 11 2005 12 2006 2006 01 2006 02 2006 03 2006 04 2006 05 2006 06 2006 07 2006 08 2006 09 2006 10 2006 11 2006 12 2007 2007 01 2007 02 2007 03 2007 04 2007 05 2005 06 2005 07 2007 08 2007 09 2007 10 2007 11 2007 12 2008 2008 01 2008 02 2008 03 2008 04 2008 05 2008 06 2008 07 2008 08 2008 09 2008 10 2008 11 2008 12 2009 2009 01 2009 02 2009 03 2009 04 2009 05 2009 06 2009 07 2009 08 2009 09 2009 10 2009 11 2009 12 2010s 2010 2010 01 2010 02 2010 03 2010 04 2010 05 2010 06 2010 07 2010 08 2010 09 2010 10 2010 11 2010 12 2011 2011 01 2011 02 2011 03 2011 04 2011 05 2011 06 2011 07 2011 08 2011 09 2011 10 2011 11 2011 12 2012 2012 01 2012 02 2012 03 2012 04 2012 05 2012 06 2012 07 2012 08 2012 09 2012 10 2012 11 2012 12 2013 2013 01 2013 02 2013 03 2013 04 2013 05 2013 06 2013 07 2013 08 2013 09 2013 10 2013 11 2013 12 2014 2014 01 2014 02 2014 03 2014 04 2014 05 2014 06 2014 07 2014 08 2014 09 2014 10 2014 11 2014 12 2015 2015 01 2015 02 2015 03 2015 04 2015 05 2015 06 2015 07 2015 08 2015 09 2015 10 2015 11 2015 12 2016 2016 01 2016 02 2016 03 2016 04 2016 05 2016 06 2016 07 2016 08 2016 09 2016 10 2016 11 2016 12 2017 2017 01 2017 02 2017 03 2017 04 2017 05 2015 06 2015 07 2017 08 2017 09 2017 10 2017 11 2017 12 2018 2018 01 2018 02 2018 03 2018 04 2018 05 2018 06 2018 07 2018 08 2018 09 2018 10 2018 11 2018 12 2019 2019 01 2019 02 2019 03 2019 04 2019 05 2019 06 2019 07 2019 08 2019 09 2019 10 2019 11 2019 12 2020s 2020 2020 01 2020 02 2020 03 2020 04 2020 05 2020 06 2020 07 2020 08 2020 09 2020 10 2020 11 2020 12 2021 2021 01 2021 02 2021 03 2021 04 2021 05 2021 06 2021 07 2021 08 2021 09 2021 10 2021 11 2021 12 2022 2022 01 2022 02 2022 03 2022 04 2022 05 2022 06 2022 07 2022 08 2022 09 2022 10 2022 11 2022 12 2023 2023 01 2023 02 2023 03 2023 04 2023 05 2023 06 2023 07 2023 08 2023 09 2023 10 2023 11 2023 12 2024 2024 01 2024 02 2024 03 2024 04 2024 05 2024 06 2024 07 2024 08 2024 09 2024 10 2024 11 2024 12 2025 2025 01 2025 02 2025 03 2025 04 2025 05 2025 06 2025 07 2025 08 2025 09 2025 10 2025 11 2025 12 2026 2026 01 2026 02 2026 03 2026 04 2026 05 2026 06 2026 07 2026 08 2026 09 2026 10 2026 11 2026 12 2027 2027 01 2027 02 2027 03 2027 04 2027 05 2025 06 2025 07 2027 08 2027 09 2027 10 2027 11 2027 12 2028 2028 01 2028 02 2028 03 2028 04 2028 05 2028 06 2028 07 2028 08 2028 09 2028 10 2028 11 2028 12 2029 2029 01 2029 02 2029 03 2029 04 2029 05 2029 06 2029 07 2029 08 2029 09 2029 10 2029 11 2029 12 References