Biomedical Engineering Theory And Practice/Classes of Biomaterials

Classes of Biomaterials Metals and alloys as biomaterials Table 6. Mechanical properties of biomaterials Material Tensile strength (MPa) Compressive strength (MPa) Elastic modulus (GPa) Fracture toughness (MPa. m-1/2) Cortical Bone 50-151Chen, Q., Zhu, C., & Thouas, G. A. (2012). Progress and challenges in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering: bioactive glasses and elastomeric composites. Progress in Biomaterials, 1(1), 1-22 100-230Kokubo, T., Kim, H. M., & Kawashita, M. (2003). Novel bioactive materials with different mechanical properties. Biomaterials, 24(13), 2161-2175. 7-30 2-12Amaral, M., Lopes, M. A., Silva, R. F., & Santos, J. D. (2002). Densification route and mechanical properties of Si 3 N 4–bioglass biocomposites. Biomaterials, 23(3), 857-862 Titanium 345Niinomi, M. (1998). Mechanical properties of biomedical titanium alloys.Materials Science and Engineering: A, 243(1), 231-236. 250-600 102.7 58-66 Stainless steel 465-950 Katti, K. S. (2004). Biomaterials in total joint replacement. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 39(3), 133-142. 1000NPTEL >> Metallurgy and Material Science >> Introduction to Biomaterials (Video) >> Lecture-01-Introduction to basic concepts of Biomaterials Science; 200 55-95 Ti-Alloys 596-1100 450-1850 55-114 40-92 Alumina 270-500 3000-5000 380-410 5-6 Ceramics as biomaterials Table 7: Bioceramics Applications Thamaraiselvi, T. V., and S. Rajeswari. “Biological evaluation of bioceramic materials-a review.” Carbon 24.31 (2004): 172. Devices Function Biomaterial Artificial total hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist Reconstruct arthritic or fractured joints High-density alumina, metal bioglass coatings Bone plates, screws, wires Repair fractures Bioglass-metal fiber composite, Polysulfone-carbon fiber composite Intramedullary nails Align fractures Bioglass-metal fiber composite, Polysulfone-carbon fiber composite Harrington rods Correct chronic spinal curvature Bioglass-metal fiber composite, Polysulfone-carbon fiber composite Permanently implanted artificial limbs Replace missing extremities Bioglass-metal fiber composite, Polysulfone-carbon fiber composite Vertebrae Spacers and extensors Correct congenital deformity Al2O3 Spinal fusion Immobilize vertebrae to protect spinal cord Bioglass Alveolar bone replacements, mandibular reconstruction Restore the alveolar ridge to improve denture fit Polytetra fluro ethylene (PTFE) - carbon composite, Porous Al2O3, Bioglass, dense-apatite End osseous tooth replacement implants Replace diseased, damaged or loosened teeth Al2O3, Bioglass, dense hydroxyapatite, vitreous carbon Orthodontic anchors Provide posts for stress application required to change deformities Bioglass-coated Al2O3, Bioglass coated vitallium Table 2: Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Biomaterials Material Young’s Modulus (GPa) CompressiveStrength (MPa) Bond strength (GPa) Hardness Density (g/cm3) Inert Al2O3 3804000300-4002000-3000(HV)>3.9 ZrO2 (PS)150-200 2000200-500 1000-3000(HV) ≈6.0 Graphite 20-25138NANA1.5-1.9 (LTI)Pyrolitic Carbon17-28900270-500NA1.7-2.2 Vitreous Carbon24-3117270-207150-200(DPH)1.4-1.6 Bioactive HAP73-1176001203503.1 Bioglass≈75100050NA2.5 AW Glass Ceramic11810802156802.8Bone3-30130-18060-160NANA Polymers as biomaterials Composite as biomaterials Biodegradable Polymers as Biomaterials Generally, biodegradable polymers is composed of ester, amide, or ether bonds. These biodegradable polymers can be categorized into two groups based on their structure and synthesis. One of these groups is agro-polymers, or those derived from biomasseditors Luc Avérous, Eric Pollet, Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites 2012 Springer London 978-1-4471-4108-2. The other consists of biopolyesters, derived from microorganisms or synthetically made from either naturally or synthetic monomers. thumb| center|upright=2.8|Biodegradable polymers organization based on structure and occurrence Biopolyesters as Biomaterials Agro-polymers as Biomaterials