Arabic/Formal

Alphabet أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي Nouns طالب Student استاذ Professor كتاب Book مطعم Restaurant سيارة Car بيت House جامعة University طبيب Doctor مطبخ kitchen مدرسة school People's names Mohamed : محمد Sarah : سارة Faisal : فيصل Chaimae : شيماء Youssef : يوسف Leila : ليلى Hassan : حسن Definite Article The use of definite articles in Arabic can completely change the use of the word. ال (Alif Lam) is the definite article in Arabic. This is the equivalent to the English "the". Without the definite article ال the noun will become either two things. كتاب (book), is displayed indefinite and can mean either "a book (one book)" or just "book". An example of كتاب used without the definite article is: "Do you have a book?" "I want one book." "I like that book" Definite: الطالب قرا الكتاب The student read the book الكتاب Indefinite: اريد ان اقرا كتاب I want to read a book كتاب Feminine & Masculine Every noun in Arabic is either feminine or masculine. The general rule for feminine words are that they end in the letter ة. There are words that don't end in ة but are still feminine; but, there are no words that end in ة that are masculine. Non proper nouns like book كتاب and house بيت always remain either masculine or feminine. But others like student طالب and teacher استاذ that are actual living beings that differ in gender differ in spelling. A male student would be a طالب while a female student would be a طالبة. To differ between genders, add a ة to designate that the person is a female, and drop the ة to designate that the person is masculine. طالب Student (male) طالبة Student (female) استاذ Teacher (male) استاذة Teacher (female) صديق Friend (male) صديقة Friend (female) طبيب Doctor (male) طبيبة Doctor (female) Adjectives جميل Beautiful كبير Big بارد Cold صغير Small حار Hot In Arabic, an adjective also is either masculine or feminine depending on the gender of the noun being described. ة is used at the end of adjectives if the noun is feminine, and the ة is dropped when the noun is masculine. البيت الكبير The big house السيارة الجميلة The beautiful car المطعم الصغير The small restaurant NOTE: The adjective comes after the noun in this context When connecting nouns and adjectives (i.e.: the teacher is big), use either هي or هو .هو means either "he" or "is (masculine)". هي means either "she" or "is (feminine)". الاستذة هي صغيرة The teacher is small السيارة هي جديدة The car is new البيت هو جميل The house is beautiful محمد هو كبير Muhammad is big Pronouns انا I (me) انت You (enta = masculine, enti = feminine) هو He هي She انتم You (plural) نحن We When connecting these pronouns with adjectives, there is no connector needed. انت جميلة You are beautiful. Connectors consist of "is" "are" which occur in the middle of a sentence. Possessive Pronouns To express possession upon an object or noun, Arabic uses suffixes. The suffixes remain the same for all nouns. Using the noun كتاب memorize these basic possessive pronouns. كتاب Book كتابي My book كتابك Your book كتابه His book كتابها Her book كتابكم Your (plural) book كتابنا Our book Verbs Like many other languages, Arabic conjugates verbs through numerous prefixes and suffixes. When displaying a verb, the verb will most likely be conjugated in all tenses as هو. So before using these verbs, be sure you know how to correctly conjugate them. Using the verb كتب, memorize these conjugations. Notice how each conjugation has كتب in it. اكتب I write تكتب She writes / You (male) write تكتبين You (female) write يكتب He writes نكتب We write تكتبون You (plural {masculine & feminine}) write يكتبون They (masculine & feminine) write اريد I want احب I like اذهب I go اقرا I read اشاهد I watch اكل I eat ادرس I study استمع I listen