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411 समाचार
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411 REFERENCE · Wikibooks

Citizen Science/Introduction

Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.

Citizen science Citizen science (also known as crowd science, crowd-sourced science, or networked science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional scientists, often by crowdsourcing and crowdfunding. Formally, citizen science has been defined as "the systematic collection and analysis of data; development of technology; testing of natural phenomena; and the dissemination of these activities by researchers on a primarily avocational basis". Citizen science is sometimes called "public participation in scientific research.