Flora of New York/Gentianales

Gentianales Ericales Solanales Order Garryales The order Garryales...P.F. Stevens (2001-2015). "Garryales." Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, Sep. 2013. Family Eucommiaceae The Eucommiaceae (hard rubber tree family) contains a single living species.Eucommiaceae Eucommia Although a number of extinct Eucommia species were native to North America, the only living species, Eucommia ulmoides, is native to central China but has been planted worldwide. It is known for being a very cold-tolerant rubber-producing tree. It has been reported as naturalized in Indiana and Ohio, but not in New York State.BONAP county-level map for Eucommia ulmoides Garryales Eucommiaceae Eucommia Eucommia hard rubber tree 1255 1 Eucommia ulmoides 1890 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Hardy rubber tree Hard rubber tree Chinese rubber tree Gutta-percha tree Introduced Not naturalized Deciduous Tree 7627 Xm Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. - hardy rubber tree - Not Native, Not Naturalized, SE Eucommia%20ulmoides 31280 nymap.svg Eucommia ulmoides - San Francisco Botanical Garden - DSC09825.JPG Gentianales The order Gentianales...P.F. Stevens (2001-2015). "Gentianales." Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, Sep. 2013. Family Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae (coffee or madder family).RubiaceaeRubiaceae Subfamily Cinchonoideae Tribe Naucleeae Cephalanthus Cephalanthus occidentalis 2.JPG Cephalanthus occidentalisbuttonbush Gentianales Rubiaceae Cinchonoideae Naucleeae Cephalanthus Cephalanthus Buttonbush 786 1 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. 1753 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl.: 95 (1753) 1794 Cephalanthus oppositifolius Moench Methodus: 487 (1794) 1828 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. pubescens Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 101 (1828) 1838 Cephalanthus acuminatus Raf. New Fl. 3: 25 (1838) 1849 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. californicus Benth. Pl. Hartw.: 314 (1849) 1889 Cephalanthus angustifolius Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 164 (1889), not validly publ. 1917 Cephalanthus berlandieri Wernham J. Bot. 55: 175 (1917) 1917 Cephalanthus hansenii Wernham J. Bot. 55: 176 (1917) 1982 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. californicus (Benth.) A.E.Murray Kalmia 12: 19 (1982) Buttonbush 2024 New York Flora Atlas, iNaturalist Common buttonbush 2024 Native Plant Trust: Go Botany 3.9 Eastern buttonbush 2024 VASCAN: Newmaster & Ragupathy, 2005 Button willow 2024 ARS-GRIN: Huxley, A., ed. 1992 Honey bells 2024 ARS-GRIN: Huxley, A., ed. 1992 Céphalanthe occidental 2024 VASCAN: Marie-Victorin, 1995 Céphalante occidental 2024 VASCAN: Newcomb, 1983 Bois-bouton 2024 VASCAN: Louis-Marie, 1953 Bois-noir 2024 VASCAN: Marie-Victorin, 1995 Native Secure 7 OBL Perennial Tree, shrub Sun - part shade 2841 5 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. - buttonbush - Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. Ponds, vernal pools, edges of lakes, stream edges, and shrub swamps predominately in shallow water. CEOC2 NN 52763-Cephalanthus-occidentalis 8994 Cephalanthus/occidentalis 34786 9854 Cephalanthus_occidentalis 27900153 CEOC2 Cephalanthus occidentalis BotGardBln07122011A.JPG Rubiaceae Cinchonoideae Naucleeae Subfamily Rubioideae Tribe Morindeae Mitchella Mitchella repens 2004.JPG Mitchella repens L.partridgeberry Mitchella consists of just two species, one from eastern Asia and the other, Mitchella repens (partridgeberry), is native to eastern North America. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Morindeae Mitchella Mitchella Mitchella 376 1 Mitchella repens L. 1753 Mitchella repens L. 1862 Perdicesca repens (L.) Prov. Partridgeberry Partridge-berry Two-eyed berry Twinberry Squaw vine Pain-de-perdrix Native Secure 6 FACU Perennial Herb-forb Part shade - shade 6854 5 Native. Demonstrably secure in New York State. MIRE NN Eastern North America mitchella/repens 35063 402637 27902971 MIRE Mitchella%20repens Mitchella repens nymap.svg Mitchella repens kz1.jpg Tribe Spermacoceae Hexasepalum Diodia teres, Rough Buttonweed, Howard County, Md, Helen Lowe Metzman 2019-10-23-14.57.32 ZS PMax UDR (49119353666).jpg Hexasepalum teres The only species of Hexasepalum Bartl. ex DC. (1830) known to be native to New York is rough buttonweed (Hexasepalum teres).Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. (2014). "Hexasepalum teres (Rubiaceae), A New Combination." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 8(1): 17-18. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Spermacoceae Hexasepalum Hexasepalum Buttonweed 785 Hexasepalum teres (Walter) J.H. Kirkbr. 1788 Diodia teres Walter 1913 Diodella teres (Walter) Small 2014 Hexasepalum teres (Walter) J.H.Kirkbr. Rough buttonweed Buttonweed Poorjoe Native Secure 0 FACU UPL Annual Herb-forb 6850 5 Onon-Alba-Catt-Oran DITE2 N0 77148179-1 0000943527 Diodia/teres 787459-Hexasepalum-teres 468381 100400288 DITE2 Diodia teres var teres NY-dist-map.png 10 counties Diodia teres.jpg 120 Diodia Diodia virginiana 4909.JPG Diodia virginiana Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Spermacoceae Diodia Diodia Buttonweed 785 1 DIODI 1 Diodia virginiana L. Diodia virginiana L. Virginia buttonweed 2021 New York Flora Atlas Introduced southern US N. America native Not naturalized 7661 x DIVI3 N0 nymap.svg Bronx (2017) Diodia virginiana - Virginia Buttonweed.jpg Houstonia Bluets (Houstonia caerulea) Hedyotis caerulea.jpg Houstonia caeruleabluets The genus Houstonia contains about 20 species, generally known as Bluets. All are North American natives. Three are considered to be native to New York State. The nativity of the two varieties of Houstonia purpurea is uncertain in New York, even though Houstonia purpurea var. calycosa is listed as "Endangered" and possibly extirpated (SH).New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Houstonia purpurea var. calycosa, last updated on: August 10, 2011. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Spermacoceae Houstonia Houstonia Bluet 825 4 Houstonia caerulea L. 1753 Houstonia caerulea L. 1833 Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. 1834 Anotis coerulea (L.) G.Don 1856 Oldenlandia caerulea (L.) A.Gray 1907 Houstonia caerulea L. faxonorum Pease & A.H.Moore Common bluets Quaker ladies Little bluet Azure bluet Bluets Native Secure 1 FACU Perennial Herb-forb 2810 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. HOCA4 NN 35038 19379 27900119 nymap.svg Houstonia caerulea - Azure Bluet.jpg Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. Long-leaved bluets Longleaf summer bluet Houstonie à longues feuilles Native Secure 8 0 Perennial Herb-forb 2816 5 HOLO NN 35045 nymap.svg Houstonia longifolia - Long Leaf Bluet.jpg Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Carl Ludwig von Willdenow (1765-1812) in Johann Jakob Roemer & Josef (Joseph) August Schultes, Systema Vegetabilium 3:527. Apr-Jul 1818 1818 Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. 1941 Hedyotis canadensis (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Fosberg Canada bluets Canadian summer bluet Native Very vulnerable 7 Perennial Herb-forb S2, G4-5 7397 U HOCA5 N0 163836-Houstonia-canadensis 27902939 nymap.svg Erie (1930)4 iNat counties Houstonia canadensis iNat-127090832 (3x4).jpg Houstonia purpurea calycosa L. A.Gray 1813 Hedyotis lanceolata Poir. 1830 Anotis lanceolata (Poir.) DC. 1884 Houstonia purpurea L. calycosa 1901 Houstonia calycosa (A. Gray) C. Mohr 1901 Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britton 1954 Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torr. & A.Gray calycosa (A.Gray) Fosberg Midwestern purple bluets Purple bluet Venus' pride Native Endangered 10 Perennial Herb-forb SH, G5-T5 HNew York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Houstonia purpurea var. calycosa. Acc. 2-Sep-2021: "This taxon has not been observed in New York since the 1940's." 2838 Z1 Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years. HOPUC N0 196212 27902953 nymap.svg Essex, Tompkins, Washington (1892-1927) Houstonia purpurea - Venus Pride.jpg 120 Houstonia purpurea purpurea L. 1753 Hedyotis purpurea L. Large purple bluets Purple bluet Native Endangered 10 Perennial Herb-forb SH, G5-T5 2835 Z Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years. nymap.svg Suffolk (1925), Washington The botanical cabinet (No 1621) (8613661466).jpg Oldenlandia Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Spermacoceae Oldenlandia Oldenlandia Oldenlandia 334 1 Oldenlandia uniflora L. Clustered bluets Clustered mille graines Native Endangered 6853 1 Native. Especially vulnerable in New York State. OLUN N0 Oldenlandia uniflora BB-1913.png Tribe Rubieae Galium There are about 24 species of Galium or bedstraw in New York State.Valerie L. Soza & Richard G. Olmstead (2010). "Evolution of breeding systems and fruits in New World Galium and relatives (Rubiaceae)" American Journal of Botany 97(10): 1630–1646, 2010Valerie L. Soza (2010). "Diversification of Galium within Tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of Breeding Systems, Species Complexes, and Gene Duplication" International Association for Plant Taxonomy; Botanical Society of AmericaLi-E Yang, Ying Meng, De-Li Peng, Ze-Long Nie, Hang Sun (2018). "Molecular phylogeny of Galium L. of the tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae) – Emphasis on Chinese species and recognition of a new genus Pseudogalium." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 126: pp. 221-232, ISSN 1055-7903.Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Michael H. J. Barfuss, Jean-Francois Manen, Gerald M. Schneeweiss (2018). "Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)." PLOS ONE 14(1): e0211589. Galium sect. Platygalium Galium-boreale-foliage.jpg Galium boreale Section Platygalium species generally have 3-veined leaves in whorls of 4, though the lateral veins are obscure in Galium pilosum. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Platygalium Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Platygalium Galium boreale L. 1753 Galium boreale L. 1800 Galium hyssopifolium Hoffm. 1818 Galium septentrionale Roem.& Schult. 1819 Galium strictum Torr. 1830 Galium boreale hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) DC. 1830 Galium boreale intermedium DC. Northern bedstraw Boreal bedstraw Crosswort Gaillet boréal Native Secure 6 2825 5 Onon-Cayu-Oswe-Tomp GABO2 NN 8998 galium/boreale 565204 103277 Galium_boreale 27900078 749626-1 Galium+boreale Galium%20boreale nymap.svg Galium boreale - Katarina nad Ljubljano 1.jpg Galium lanceolatum (Torr.) Torr. 1819 Galium circaezans lanceolatum Torr. 1824 Galium lanceolatum (Torr.) Torr. Lanceleaf wild licorice Lanceleaf licorice bedstraw Torrey's wild licorice Spear wild licorice Gaillet lancéolé Native Secure 7 2839 5 GALA3 NN 9006 galium/lanceolatum 34882 27902770 Galium+lanceolatum Galium%20lanceolatum nymap.svg Galium lanceolatum blood mountain.png Galium circaezans Michx. circaezans Galium bermudense Galium circaeoides Galium rotundifolium circaezans Licorice bedstraw Wild licorice Native Secure 7 6852 5 Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Oswe-Madi GACIC Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Oswe-Madi IWF galium/circaezans Galium+circaezans Galium%20circaezans nymap.svg Galium circaezans var circaezans drawing.png Galium circaezans Michx. hypomalacum Licorice bedstraw Forest bedstraw Wild licorice Native Vulnerable 7 2823 3 Onon-Wayn-Dela-Monr-Alle GACIH Onon-Wayn-Dela-Monr-Alle galium/circaezans Galium+circaezans Galium%20circaezans nymap.svg Galium circaezans drawing.png Galium pilosum Aiton pilosum Hairy bedstraw Native Likely secure 6 2821 4 GAPI2 NN galium/pilosum Galium+pilosum Galium%20pilosum nymap.svg Galium pilosum BB-1913.png Galium pilosum Aiton puncticulosum (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray 1788 Galium purpureum Walter 1791 Galium walteri J.F.Gmel. 1803 Galium puncticulosum Michx. 1805 Galium punctatum Pers. 1841 Galium pilosum Aiton puncticulosum Torr.& A.Gray Hairy bedstraw Native No records 0 D GAPIP N0 galium/pilosum 528214 27902791 Galium+pilosum Galium%20pilosum nymap.svg Galium pilosum BB-1913.png Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex Schult. & Schult.f Boreal bedstraw Native Endangered 10? 2832 1 GAKA NN galium/kamtschaticum Galium+kamtschaticum Galium%20kamtschaticum nymap.svg Galium kamtschaticum BB-1913.png Galium concinnum Torrey & A.Gray Shining bedstraw Native Endangered 19327 Galium concinnum Endangered S1 G5 10? 2818 1 GACO3 NN 0 Galium+concinnum Galium%20concinnum nymap.svg Galium concinnum - Shining Bedstraw (cropped).jpg Galium sect. Aparinoides 20190614Galium palustre2 (3x2).jpg Galium palustre Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Aparinoides Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Aparinoides Galium palustre L. 1753 Galium palustre L. 1782 Galium diffusum Gilib. 1782 Galium incarnatum Gilib. 1796 Galium montanum With. 1818 Galium glomeratum Vill. ex Roem. & Schult. 1851 Galium fontinale K.Koch 1880 Rubia palustris (L.) Baill. 1898 Galium rumelicum Formánek 1928 Galium masferreri Sennen Common marsh bedstraw Marsh bedstraw Native Secure 3 2819 5 GAPA3 NN 750370-1 galium/palustre Galium+palustre Galium%20palustre nymap.svg Galium palustre habitus.jpeg Galium tinctorium L. 1753 Galium tinctorium L. 1803 Galium claytonii Michx. 1841 Galium trifidum L. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & A.Gray 1897 Galium tinctorium L. floridanum Wiegand 1939 Galium trifidum L. tinctorium (L.) H.Hara Stiff marsh bedstraw Stiff three-petal bedstraw Native Secure 5 2831 5 GATI NN 750741-1 galium/tinctorium Galium+tinctorium Galium%20tinctorium nymap.svg Galium tinctorium NRCS-1.jpg 120 Galium asprellum Michx. 1803 Galium asprellum Michx. 1814 Galium micranthum Pursh Rough bedstraw Kidney-vine Pointed cleavers Native Secure 6 2817 5 Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp GAAS2 NN 749561-1 galium/asprellum Galium+asprellum Galium%20asprellum Galium asprellum clump cropped.jpg Galium trifidum L. trifidum 1753 Galium trifidum L. 1877 Galium brandegeei A.Gray 1880 Rubia linnaeana Baill. 1921 Galium trifidum L. distentum Printz 1949 Galium trifidum L. typicum R.T.Clausen 1958 Galium baicalense Pobed. 1958 Galium ruprechtii Pobed. Three-petal bedstraw Native Secure 7 2833 5 GATRT5 NN 77168478-1 galium/trifidum Galium+trifidum Galium%20trifidum Galium trifidum ssp trifidum NY-dist-map.png Galium trifidum 3.JPG Galium obtusum Bigelow obtusum 1824 Galium obtusum Bigelow 1824 Galium trifidum L. latifolium Torr. 1952 Galium obtusum Bigelow ramosum Gleason Bluntleaf bedstraw Blunt-leaved bedstraw Native Secure 7 2812 5 GAOB NN 77168453-1 galium/obtusum 34802 Galium+obtusum Galium%20obtusum nymap.svg Galium obtusum (3x4).jpg Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand 1897 Galium tinctorium L. labradoricum Wiegand 1904 Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand Bog bedstraw Northern bog bedstraw Native Likely secure 8 2826 4 GALA2 NN 107086-2 galium/labradoricum Galium+labradoricum Galium%20labradoricum nymap.svg Galium labradoricum BB-1913.png Galium brevipes Fernald & Wiegand 1910 Galium brevipes Fernald & Wiegand 1982 Galium trifidum L. brevipes (Fernald & Wiegand) Á.Löve & D.Löve Limestone swamp bedstraw Native Likely extirpated 10? 6851 Z Tiog (only) GABR6 NN Tiog (only) 7K4LT 8057314 107227-2 0000970447 galium/brevipes 163169-Galium-brevipes Galium+brevipes Galium%20brevipes Galium brevipes BB-1913.png Galium sect. Aparine 20160518Galium aparine2.jpg Galium aparine Galium aparine (cleavers or stickywilly) was previously included in sect. Kolgyda but has been segregated along with similar Galium spurium into sect. Aparine, which appears to be a sister to the clade formed by sects. Kolgyda and Hylaea. Note that BONAP lists most Galium species, including Galium aparine as noxious weeds in New York, Pennsylvania and New England. This is likely based on prohibited-seed lists that don't distinguish between Galium species. The native status of Galium aparine is inconsistent. It is generally treated as native but noxious weed in North America.Gucker, Corey L. (2005). Galium aparine. in Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Aparine Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Aparine Galium aparine L. 1753 Galium aparine L. 1794 Aparine hispida Moench 1880 Rubia aparine (L.) Baill. Cleavers Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. Catchweed bedstraw Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31. Stickywilly Gucker, Corey L. 2005. USDA Fire Effects Information System. Scratch bedstraw Bedstraw 2022. GBIF Goose-grass Wagstaff, D. J. 2008. International poisonous plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Gaillet gratteron Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 232. Native Secure 0 FACU Annual Vine, Herb-forb G5 2811 5 Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Oswe-Madi GAAP2 NX? Onon-Tomp-Madi-Sene-Chen 3F5B8 2913548 85676 30007294-2 0000968296 galium/aparine 53059-Galium-aparine 103276 Galium+aparine Galium%20aparine 24772 20130601Galium aparine.jpg Galium sect. Kolgyda Erysimum repandum + Galium tricornutum sl2.jpg Galium tricornutum Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Kolgyda Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Kolgyda Galium tricornutum Dandy Galium tricorne Stokes p.p. Rough-fruited corn bedstraw Roughfruit corn bedstraw Introduced Not naturalized 2837 X Onei only GATR6 XX Galium+tricornutum Galium%20tricornutum nymap.svg Oneida (1888) No NY observations Galium tricornutum sl101.jpg Galium sect. Hylaea Galium triflorum 4 (5097894744).jpg Galium triflorum Note that BONAP lists most Galium species, including Galium triflorum as noxious weeds in New York, Pennsylvania and New England. This is likely based on prohibited-seed lists that don't distinguish between Galium species. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Hylaea Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Hylaea Galium triflorum Michx. 1803 Galium triflorum Michx. 1803 Galium jalapense Schltdl. 1935 Galium triflorum Michx. asprelliforme Fernald Sweet-scented bedstraw Three-flowered bedstraw Fragrant bedstraw Gaillet à trois fleurs Gaillet odorant Native Secure 7 FACU Perennial Herb-vine 6875 5 GATR3 NN galium/triflorum 456923 27900112 Galium+triflorum Galium%20triflorum nymap.svg Galium triflorum 10232.JPG Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. 1753 Asperula odorata L. 1771 Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. 1829 Asterophyllum asperula K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. 1829 Asterophyllum sylvaticum K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. 1868 Chlorostemma odoratum (L.) Fourr. 1888 Asperula eugeniae K.Richt. Sweet woodruff 2021 New York Flora Atlas -- 2021 Native Plant Trust(Go Botany) Sweet-scented bedstraw 2021 Native Plant Trust(Go Botany) Sweet bedstraw 2010 iMapInvasives Woodruff 2010 iMapInvasives Introduced temperate Asia Europe Somewhat invasive Naturalized 1056 2914642 Perennial Herb-forb SNA, GNR 48%Galium odoratum Low 48 CFL 2824 X Onon-Otse-Livi-Catt GAOD3 XX 2914642 galium/odoratum 750339-1 103279 Galium+odoratum Galium%20odoratum nymap.svg GaliumodoratumWaldmeister.jpg Hylaea Galium sect. Leiogalium Wiesen-Labkraut Zwiesel.JPG Galium album Although most sources show the hedge bedstraw species Galium mollugo as being widepread in the Northeast and the similar Galium album being less common, if not rare,Galium album at Go Botany the New York Flora Atlas now excludes Galium mollugo from New York State and shows Galium album as common, having moved its Galium mollugo records to Galium album. Other sources, such as VASCANGalium mollugo at VASCAN show G. album as a synonym of G. molluglo. See D. Mersereau and A. DiTommaso (2001).D. Mersereau and A. DiTommaso (2001). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Leiogalium Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Leiogalium Galium mollugo L. 1753 Galium mollugo L. 1762 Galium erectum Huds. Fl. Angl.: 56 (1762) 1764 Galium album Garsault 1796 Galium flaccidum Salisb. (Ambiguous) 1822 Galium vulgare Gray 1880 Rubia mollugo (L.) Baill. 1880 Galion molluginum St.-Lag. False baby's breath 2018 USDA Smooth bedstraw 2018 VASCAN Introduced Potentially invasive NYFA excluded 11549 9 9039392 X EXCLUDED GAMO XX 3F644 9039392 1445878-Galium-mollugo 750253-1 4750 9009 galium/mollugo 34891 103278 27900093 750253-1 Galium%20mollugo nymap.svg Excluded 50+ counties 20170731Galium mollugo2.jpg Galium album Mill. 1768 Galium album Mill. 1771 Galium sylvestre Scop. 1778 Galium erectum Huds. Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 68 (1778) 1833 Galium sylvestre mollugo Gaudin 1864 Galium mollugo L. erectum Asch. 1865 Galium mollugo L. erectum Syme 1887 Galium elatum erectum Berher 1921 Galium mixtum Stranski 1926 Galium mollugo L. erectum (Huds.) Domin 2000 Galium mollugo album (Mill.) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 185 (2000). Hedge bedstraw NYFA: for Galium album Mill. White bedstraw USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team / Go Botany New England Wild: for Galium album Mill. False baby's breath USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team: for Galium mollugo L. Whorled bedstraw Go Botany New England Wild: for Galium mollugo L. Wild madder Gaillet mollugine Caille-lait blanc Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Potentially invasive Naturalized 2913931 2822 X Onon-Cayu-Cort-Oswe-Madi GAMO XX 6JVJQ 2913931 85609 749481-1 9009 galium/album 34891 103278 27900165 750253-1 Galium%20mollugo nymap.svg 49 counties 15 counties Galium album1.jpg Galium sylvaticum L. 1762 Galium sylvaticum L. Scotch-mist Wood bedstraw Baby's breath Gaillet des bois Gaillet des forêts Introduced 2813 X Onei-Fult-Ulst GASY XX 9019 galium/sylvaticum 34930 27902811 Galium%20sylvaticum 4 counties ? counties Galium sylvaticum (Wald-Labkraut) IMG 3333.JPG Galium aristatum L. 1762 Galium aristatum L. Awned bedstraw Introduced Excluded Eurasia northern Africa X 817 Excluded GAAR5 Madi-Chem (only counties in US) 0 502709 749540-1 Galium%20aristatum Excluded nymap.svg Galium aristatum flowering plant 001 4x3.jpg Galium sect. Galium Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Galium Galium Galium Galium Bedstraw 863 24 Galium verum L. verum 1753 Galium verum L. 1879 Galium verum verum L. (autonym) 1885 Galium verum verum L. (autonym) Lady's bedstraw Yellow bedstraw Yellow Spring bedstraw Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Potentially invasive 1509 2.143997/Galium_verum Exotic GNR 2829 X Onon-Cayu-Cort-Tomp GAVEV XX Galium/verum 27904535 nymap.svg Galium verum.JPG Galium verum L. wirtgenii (F.W. Schultz) Oborný 1854 Galium wirtgenii F.W.Schultz 1879 Galium verum wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Nyman 1885 Galium verum wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Oborný Wirtgen's bedstraw Introduced 2836 X Onei-Chem-Ulst-Sara GAVEW2 XX Galium/verum 100196377 Galium wirtgenii NY-dist-map.png Galium wirtgenii.jpg Galium × pomeranicum Retz. Galium mollugo Galium verum 1795 Galium × pomeranicum Retz. 1804 Galium × ochroleucum Wolf ex Schweigg. 1850 Galium × ambiguum Gren. & Godr. 1903 Galium × ochroleucum ambiguum Rouy Pale yellow bedstraw Introduced N. America native 2828 X GAPO3 XN 502718 100196486 nymap.svg Galium ×pomeranicum sl2.jpg Galium sect. Asperula Asperula arvensis kz02.jpg Galium arvense Galium arvense (blue woodruff) is still often listed in the genus Asperula. Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Asperula Galium Asperula Woodruff n n Galium arvense (L.) F. Herm. 1753 Asperula arvensis L. 1844 Asperula setosa Jaub. & Spach 1904 Galium sherardiiflorum (L.) E.H.L.Krause 1844 Asperula arvensis L. setosa (Jaub. & Spach) J.Thiébaut 1956 Galium arvense (L.) F. Herm. Blue woodruff Introduced 2830 X Galium arvense (L.) F. Herm. - blue woodruff ASAR2 XW Asperula arvensis L. 35232 100194938 Galium%20arvense nymap.svg Asperula arvensis1.jpg Galium sect. Cruciata Cruciata pedemontana sl10.jpg Cruciata pedemontana Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Cruciata Galium Cruciata Bedstraw n Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. 1788 Vaillantia pedemontana Bellardi 1789 Galium pedemontanum (Bellardi) All. 1961 Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. Piedmont bedstraw Yellow bedstraw Piedmont Crosswort Introduced 2814 X Tomp (only) CRPE10 US WW 502717 27907592 nymap.svg Tompkins (1989) Cruciata pedemontana 2 RF.jpg Cruciata laevipes Opiz 1771 Galium cruciata (L.) Scop. 1852 Cruciata laevipes Opiz 1958 Cruciata chersonensis Ehrend. Smooth bedstraw Introduced 2820 X Ontario County (only) CRLA13 X0 NY (only) 506922 27900164 nymap.svg Ontario (1918) (MHNT) Cruciata laevipes - Inflorescence.jpg Cruciata Sherardia Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Sherardia Sherardia Field madder 180 1 Sherardia arvensis L. Blue field madder Blue fieldmadder Cultivated field madder Introduced 2815 X SHAR2 XX nymap.svg Sherardia arvensis 050731.jpg Sherardia Rubia Gentianales Rubiaceae Rubioideae Rubieae Rubia Rubia Rubia 212 1 Rubia tinctorum L. Rubia tinctoria L. orth. var. Dyer's madder Indian madder Madder Introduced Impersistent 2840 Xm Not Persisting. Not Native. State exotic or non-native. As Rubia tinctoria RUTI2 X0 US-introduced, Canada-not-reported, as Rubia tinctorum nymap.svg Washington (1892, 1934) No NY observations Rubia tinctorum 002.JPG Family Loganiaceae The Loganiaceae is a mostly-tropical family with no members that are native to or reported to have naturalized in New York. Spigelia Indianpink.jpg Spigelia marilandica (L.) L.Indian pink Spigelia marilandica, a native of the southeastern U.S., has been propagated in New York and sold in the "native" plant trade. According to the Agriculture Research Service, it is only considered native as far north as southern Indiana and Maryland. Gentianales Loganiaceae Spigelia Spigelia Pinkroot 0 0 Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. 1753 Lonicera marilandica L. 1767 Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. Indian pink Woodland pinkroot N. America native southern US No specimens Cultivated Perennial Forb-herb 0 0 SPMA3 N0 35252 Spigelia+marilandica Spigelia%20marilandica nymap.svg Spigelia marilandica kz2.jpg Family Gentianaceae The Gentianaceae (gentian family).GentianaceaeGentianaceae Tribe Chironieae Centaurium Centaurium erythraea - flora.jpg Centaurium erythraeacommon centaury Gentianales Gentianaceae Chironieae Centaurium Centaurium Centaury 758 2 Centaurium erythraea erythraea Rafn 1794. Centaurium minus Moench in Methodus:449 1800. Centaurium vulgare Rafn in Danm. Holst. Fl. 2:73 1800. Centaurium erythraea Rafn in Danm. Holst. Fl. 2:75 1805. Erythraea centaurium (L.) Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1:283 1893. Centaurium umbellatum Gilib. ex Beck in Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2):935 nom. superfl. Common centaury European centaury Introduced FAC 6651 X CEER5 XX Centaurium/erythraea nymap.svg CentauriumErythraea3.jpg Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Hayek ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis pulchellum 1783. Gentiana pulchella Sw. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 4:84 1798. Chironia pulchella (Sw.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: 1067 1811. Erythraea pulchella Fr. in Novit. Fl. Svec.:30 1819. Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Hornem. in G.C.Oeder & auct. suc. (eds.), , nom. illeg. 1906. Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Hayek ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis Branched centaury Branching centaury-plant Lesser centaury Introduced FAC 1549 X CEPU3 XX Centaurium/pulchellum nymap.svg Centaurium pulchellum flowers and buds Hompelvoet RF.JPG Sabatia Gentianales Gentianaceae Chironieae Sabatia Sabatia Rose-gentian 216 4 Sabatia stellaris Pursh S. maculata (Benth.) Benth. & Hook.f. S. palmeri A.Gray S. purpusii Brandegee S. simulata Britton Sea pink Marsh pink Rose of Plymouth Saltmarsh rosegentian Native Threatened 29097 Sabatia stellaris Threatened S2 G5 1548 2 SAST5 N0 nymap.svg Sabatia stellaris WFNY-166a.jpg Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh 1753 Chironia angularis L. 1814 Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh Square-stemmed rose pink Rose pink Bitterbloom Native Endangered 19094 Sabatia angularis Endangered S1 G5 1545 1 Cayu,West,NYC only SAAN NN nymap.svg Sabatia angularis - Rose Pink.jpg Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb. Slender marsh pink Slender rose gentian Native Endangered 19095 Sabatia campanulata Endangered S1 G5 1546 1 SACA26 N0 nymap.svg Sabatia campanulata BB-1913.png Sabatia dodecandra (L.) BSP. dodecandra Chironia dodecandra L. Sabatia chloroides (Michx.) Pursh Large marsh pink Marsh rose gentian Native Extirpated 1547 Z SADOD N0 nymap.svg Sabatia dodecandra WFNY-f024.jpg Tribe Gentianeae Subtribe Gentianinae Gentiana Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Gentiana Gentiana Gentian 583 5 Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Fringe-topped bottle gentian Native Likely secure 1539 4 GEAN NN Gentiana/andrewsii GEAN nymap.svg GentianaAndrewsii.jpg Gentiana clausa Raf. Bottle gentian Closed gentian Native Likely secure 1540 4 GECL NN Gentiana/clausa GECL nymap.svg BottledGentian.jpg Gentiana linearis Froel. Narrow-leaved gentian Native Vulnerable 1541 3-4 GELI3 NN Gentiana/linearis GELI3 nymap.svg Gentiana linearis (cropped).jpg Gentiana saponaria L. Soapwort gentian Soap gentian Harvestbells Native Endangered 6650 1 GESA N0 Gentiana/saponaria GESA nymap.svg Soapwort gentian plant with purple flower gentiana saponaria.jpg Gentiana puberulenta Pringle Downy gentian Native Likely extirpated 1542 Z GEPU5 NN Gentiana/puberulenta GEPU5 nymap.svg Gentiana puberulenta 2.jpg Subtribe Swertiinae Bartonia Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Swertiinae Bartonia Bartonia Screwstem 1015 2 Bartonia virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburgh 1753 Sagina virginica L. 1801 Bartonia tenella Willd. 1888 Bartonia virginica (L.) BSP 1895 Bartonia moseri B.L.Rob. Yellow screwstem Virginia screwstem Yellow bartonia Bartonie de Virginie Native Likely secure 6652 4 Onon-Cayu-Oswe-Madi-Sene BAVI3 NN 5984 bartonia/virginica 30025 13800520 29697-2 nymap.svg Bartonia virginica tip 2x3.jpg Bartonia paniculata paniculata Twining screwstem Native Endangered 6653 1 King-Nass-Suff (only) Bartonia paniculata drawing 1.png Frasera Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Swertiinae Frasera Frasera Green-gentian 552 1 Frasera caroliniensis Frasera officinalis Frasera verticillata Frasera walteri Swertia caroliniensis Columbo American columbo Green gentian Yellow gentian Carolina gentian Native Threatened 1538 2 western NY only FRCA2 NN Frasera caroliniensis.jpg Gentianella Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Swertiinae Gentianella Gentianella Dwarf-gentian 657 1 Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small quinquefolia Agueweed Gall-of-the-earth Stiff gentian Native Likely secure 6649 4 GEQUQ NN Gentianella/quinquefolia GEQUQ Gentianella quinquefolia 001.jpg Gentianopsis Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Swertiinae Gentianopsis Gentianopsis Fringed-gentian 592 2 Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma Greater fringed gentian Native Likely secure 6648 4 GECR2 NN Gentianopsis/crinita GECR2 nymap.svg Gentiana crinita.jpg Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub Lesser fringed gentian Native Endangered 1543 1 GEVI6 NN Gentianopsis/virgata GEVI6 nymap.svg Gentianopsis virgata.jpg Halenia Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentianeae Swertiinae Halenia Halenia Spurred-gentian 139 1 Halenia deflexa (Sm.) Griseb. Spurred gentian Native Endangered 1544 1 HADE2 NN nymap.svg Halenia deflexa NPS-1.jpg Family Apocynaceae The Apocynaceae (dogbane or periwinkle family).ApocynaceaeApocynaceaeEndress, M.E., Liede-Schumann, S. & Meve, U. 2014. An updated classification for Apocynaceae. Phytotaxa 159 (3) © 2014 Magnolia Press. Full text PDF from ResearchGate Subfamily Rauvolfioideae Tribe Vinceae A very common New York ground cover, both cultivated and naturalized is Vinca minor, known commonly as periwinkle or myrtle. It is often found in wooded areas were old homesteads once stood and along ditches and stream banks where floodwaters have carried the rhizomes downstream from their previous location. Vinca Vinca minor001.jpg Vinca minor Of the two periwinkles, Vinca minor is very common outside of cultivation and is considered to be moderately invasive. Vinca major is not known to naturalize in New York State. Gentianales Apocynaceae Rauvolfioideae Vinceae Vinca Vinca Periwinkle 302 2 Vinca minor L. 1753 Vinca minor L. Lesser periwinkle Common periwinkle Myrtle Running-myrtle Petite pervenche Pervenche mineure Introduced Eurasia Moderately invasive CP-3CP3 57%Vinca minor Moderate 57 121 X VIMI2 XX 2665 vinca/minor 30238 41680 Vinca minor nymap.svg 20140325Vinca minor4.jpg Vinca major L. 1753 Vinca major L. Greater periwinkle Bigleaf periwinkle Large-leaved periwinkle Grande pervenche Introduced Eurasia Not naturalized 120 X VIMA 2664 vinca/major 41679 1802523 Vinca major nymap.svg Korina 2016-04-19 Vinca major 4.jpg Tribe Amsonieae Amsonia Amsonia tabernaemontana0.jpg Amsonia tabernaemontana Amsonia or bluestar species are native to southern North America and are sold in the "native" wildflower trade but are not native to New York. It's uncertain whether they have truly naturalized the state. Gentianales Apocynaceae Rauvolfioideae Vinceae Amsonia Amsonia Bluestar 827 3 Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter 1762 Tabernaemontana amsonia L. 1788 Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter 1814 Amsonia salicifolia Pursh 1838 Ansonia salicifolia (Pursh) Raf. 1894 Amsonia amsonia (L.) Britton 1928 A. tabernaemontana Walter salicifolia (Pursh) Woodson Common bluestar 2021 New York Flora Atlas Eastern bluestar Texas-star Willowleaf Bluestar Introduced southern US N. America native 6645 X Warr-Nass (only) AMTAT N0 Warr-Bron-Nass (only) amsonia/tabernaemontana 406737 Amsonia tabernaemontana (no var) 1800748 Amsonia+tabernaemontana+var.+tabernaemontana Amsonia%20tabernaemontana Amsonia tabernaemontana var tabernaemontana nymap.svg Amsonia tabernaemontana kz01.jpg Amsonia illustris Woodson Shining bluestar Ozark bluestar Introduced N. America native 6647 X Nass (only) AMIL N0 MO,AR,TX,OK,KS (only) Amsonia illustris nymap.svg Amsonia illustris kz01.jpg Subfamily Apocynoideae Tribe Apocyneae Apocynum Apocynum cannabinum SCA-2401.jpg Apocynum cannabinumhemp dogbane Apocynum, or dogbane, is generally considered to be a weedy native genus. Gentianales Apocynaceae Apocynoideae Apocyneae Apocynum Apocynum Dogbane 670 3 Apocynum cannabinum L. 1753 Apocynum cannabinum L. 1770 Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. 1789 Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton 1902 Apocynum suksdorfii Greene 1912 Apocynum ithacense Greene Hemp dogbane Clasping-leaved dogbane Indian hemp American-hemp Apocyn chanvrin Apocyn à feuilles de millepertuis Native Secure 2 122 5 APCA N 2662 apocynum/cannabinum 3718 1800004 Apocynum%20cannabinum Apocynum cannabinum nymap.svg Apocynum cannabinum - Indian Hemp.jpg Apocynum androsaemifolium 1753 Apocynum androsaemifolium L. 1894 Apocynum pumilum (A.Gray) Greene 1901 Apocynum ambigens Greene 1906 Apocynum scopulorum Greene Spreading dogbane Bitter-root Common dogbane Creeping dogbane Apocyn à feuilles d'androsème Herbe à la puce Native Secure 2 123 5 Most counties APAN2 NN 2659 apocynum/androsaemifolium 30157 102186 1800003 Apocynum%20androsaemifolium Spreading Dogbane (3629265769).jpg Apocynum × floribundum Greene (pro sp.) Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum cannabinum 1893 Apocynum × floribundum Greene 1897 Apocynum × medium Greene 1901 Apocynum × milleri Britton 1930 Apocynum × jonesii Woodson Intermediate dogbane Jones' dogbane hemp dogbane spreading dogbane Apocyn moyen Native Secure x 119 4 Cayu-Tomp-Onei-Monr APFL N Cayu-Tomp-Onei-Monr 2663 1804594 Apocynum × floribundum (as A. medium) BB-1913.png Subfamily Periplocoideae Periploca Periploca graeca - Silk vine - Gariplerurganı 03.jpg Periploca graeca Silkvine (Periploca graeca) is native to eastern Europe and is listed as invasive in Northeastern Spain. It is capable of rooting vegetatively from small pieces of stem. J. A. Conesa, D. Mercadal, J. Pedrol, J. Recasens (2009). "Invasive behavior of Periploca graeca in alluvial forests of Segre river (Catalonia, NE Spain)." CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International). Vouchered plant specimens have been collected from Erie and Monroe counties, but it is not thought to have naturalized there.Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2016 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. It has also been reported along roadsides in Suffolk County, NY, and Fairfield County, CT, but it is uncertain whether those plants were cultivated or naturalized.Periploca graeca, New York Metropolitan Flora Project. 07/19/2012 Gentianales Apocynaceae Periplocoideae Periploca Periploca Silk-vine 303 1 Periploca (plant) Tourn. ex. L. Periploca graeca L. 1753 Periploca graeca L. 1820 Periploca graeca Schult. Silkvine Silk vine Grecian silkvine Bourreau des arbres Introduced Eurasia Potentially invasive Perennial Woody vine 167 X Monr-Erie (only) PEGR9 X0 Monr-Erie (only) not listed periploca/graeca 30399 27368 NA 2600120 100459-1 Periploca+graeca Periploca%20graeca Periploca graeca nymap.svg Periploca graeca Obwojnik grecki 2010-06-20 02.jpg Subfamily Asclepiadoideae The New York Flora Atlas includes Asclepias, Cynanchum, and Periploca in Asclepiadaceae. It includes the three Vincetoxicum species as Cynanchum.Asclepiadaceae Tribe Asclepiadeae Subtribe Asclepiadinae Asclepias The milkweed genus Asclepias is here separated into two clades according to Fishbein, et. al. (2011).Mark Fishbein, et. al. (2011) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Asclepias (Apocynaceae) Inferred from Non-Coding Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 36(4):1008-1023. 2011. Each of these clades contains milkweeds that support monarch butterfly developmemt. In New York, these are: common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) poke milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) Showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa) also supports monarchs west of the Mississippi, where it is native, but the benefit of planting it in New York for this purpose could be questioned. Asclepias clade incarnata/verticillata Gentianales Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadeae Asclepiadinae Asclepias Asclepias Milkweed 1134 12 Asclepias incarnata incarnata L. 1753. Asclepias incarnata L. in Sp. Pl.:215 1796. Asclepias verecunda Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:150 1831. Asclepias amoena Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 24:275, nom. illeg. 1838. Asclepias albiflora Raf. in New Fl. 4:62 1844. Acerates incarnata (L.) Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8:523 1844. Asclepias maritima Raf. ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, not validly publ. Western swamp milkweed Swamp milkweed Rose milkweed Asclépiade incarnate Asclépiade rouge Native Secure 4 OBL Perennial Herb-forb Sun 165 5 Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata - western swamp milkweed - Marshes, swamps, edges of ponds, wet depressions or drainages in fields, and stream banks. Does best in non-forested wetlands although also occurs in forested situations. ASINI NN Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. incarnata 77172626-1 4874 2703 asclepias/incarnata 184805 4472 2608163 ASINI Asclepias%20incarnata Asclepias incarnata ssp incarnata NY-dist-map.png P1000398 Asclepias incarnata (Asclepiadaceae) Leaf.JPG Asclepias incarnata L. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson 1798 Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. ex Willd. 1840 Asclepias maritima Raf. non Jacq. 1921 A. incarnata neoscotica Fernald 1954 A. incarnata pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson Eastern swamp milkweed Swamp milkweed Native Vulnerable 4 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 161 3? Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson - eastern swamp milkweed ASINP2 N0 asclepias/incarnata 184806 2609325 Asclepias%20incarnata Asclepias incarnata ssp pulchra nymap.svg Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra (9521976873).jpg Asclepias verticillata L. 1753 Asclepias verticillata L. Whorled milkweed Eastern whorled milkweed Horsetail milkweed Native Threatened S2New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2019, Compiled by Stephen M. Young, New York Natural Heritage Program. 9 FACU UPL Perennial Herb-forb 164 3 Asclepias verticillata L. - whorled milkweed - Thin rocky forests, rocky summits, and woodlands of a southern affinity. ASVE NN asclepias/verticillata 30320 103167 Asclepias+verticillata Asclepias%20verticillata Asclepias verticillata nymap.svg Asclepias verticillata - Flickr - peganum.jpg Asclepias curassavica L. 1753 Asclepias curassavica L. Madagascar cottonbush Tropical milkweed Bloodflower Introduced Neotropics Highly invasive Not listed NYFA 13933 160933268/verbatim Invasive 3170241 nymap.svg ? counties ? counties Asclepias curassavica 151709399.jpg Asclepias clade syriaca/speciosa Gentianales Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadeae Asclepiadinae Asclepias Asclepias Milkweed 1134 12 Asclepias syriaca L. 1762 Asclepias syriaca L. 1840 A. serica Raf. 1844 A. cornuti Decne. 1904 A. kansana Vail 1935 A. syriaca kansana Common milkweed Kansas milkweed Silkweed Virginia silk Asclépiade commune Cochons de lait Herbe à coton Native Secure 0 153 5 Onon-Cayu-Oswe-Madi-Sene ASSY N Onon-Oswe-Madi-Sene-Onei PG 2711 asclepias/syriaca 30310 4478 2600005 Asclepias%20syriaca Asclepias syriaca prg 1.jpg Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1767 Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. 1818 A. vanilla Raf. 1840 A. quadrifolia oppositifolia Raf. Fourleaf milkweed Four-leaved milkweed Whorled milkweed Asclépiade à quatre feuilles Native Secure 7 157 5 Onon-Tomp-Yate-Jeff ASQU NN 2708 asclepias/quadrifolia 30297 2603789 Asclepias%20quadrifolia Four-leaf Milkweed - Flickr - pellaea.jpg Asclepias tuberosa L. 1753 Asclepias tuberosa L. 1753 Asclepias decumbens L. Butterfly-weed Butterfly milkweed Orange milkweed Pleurisy root Asclépiade tubéreuse Asclépiade de l'intérieur Native Likely secure 2 160 4 ASTUI NN 2712 Asclepias tuberosa var. interior asclepias/tuberosa 30313 4480 Asclepias tuberosa L. Asclepias%20tuberosa Asclepias tuberosa ssp interior nymap.svg Asclepias tuberosa 003.JPG Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. Smith, James Edward (1759-1828) 1797 A. amplexicaulis Sm. 1803 A. obtusifolia Michx. 1832 A. rotundifolia Raf. 1930 A. gladewitzii Farw. Clasping milkweed Blunt-leaved milkweed Native Likely secure 2 162 4 Livi-Sche-Clin-Oran ASAM N Livi-Sche-Clin-Oran asclepias/amplexicaulis 449944 2602949 Asclepias%20amplexicaulis Asclepias amplexicaulis (14329407319).jpg Asclepias exaltata L. 1756 Asclepias exaltata L. 1762 A. syriaca exaltata (L.) L. 1788 A. polystachya Walter 1814 A. phytolaccoides G.F. Lyon ex Pursh 1904 A. bicknellii Vail Poke milkweed Tall milkweed Asclépiade très grande Grande asclépiade Native Likely secure 6 FACU UPL Perennial Herb-forb Sun - part shade 166 4 Onon-Oswe-Madi-Tomp ASEX NN 2701 asclepias/exaltata 416348 2601022 ASEX Asclepias%20exaltata Asclepias exaltata (2985661678).jpg Asclepias purpurascens L. 1753 Asclepias purpurascens L. 1753 A. amoena L. 1794 A. compressa Moench 1832 A. dasypus Raf. 1840 A. gonalis Raf. Purple milkweed Eastern purple milkweed Asclépiade pourprée Native Threatened USFS-CA 28728 Asclepias purpurascens Threatened S2S3 G5? 2 FACU Perennial Herb-forb 6644 2-3 Oran-Dutc-Rock-Suff (only) ASPU2 NN 2707 asclepias/purpurascens 30296 2601052 Asclepias%20purpurascens Asclepias purpurascens nymap.svg Purple Milkweed plant.JPG Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1808 Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1819 As. lanceolata E.Ives later homonym of Asclepias lanceolata Walter (1788) 1824 As. viridiflora lanceolata Torr. 1829 Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Pursh ex Eaton 1841 Acerates lanceolata Steud. 1946 As. viridiflora linearis (A. Gray) Fernald Green milkweed Green comet milkweed Short green milkweed Green-flowered milkweed Asclépiade à fleurs vertes Native Threatened 28733 Asclepias viridiflora Threatened S2 Gx 10 155 2 ASVI NN 2716 asclepias/viridiflora CT only 30322 449838 2600007 ASVI Asclepias%20viridiflora Asclepias viridiflora nymap.svg Asclepias viridiflora - Green Comet Milkweed.jpg 120 Asclepias variegata White milkweed Redring milkweed Native Endangered 18731 Asclepias variegata Endangered S1 G5 10 152 1 Erie-West-Rich-Quee ASVA N Dutc-West-Bron-Newy asclepias/variegata Asclepias%20variegata Asclepias variegata nymap.svg Asclepias variegata.jpg Asclepias rubra L. 1753 Asclepias rubra L. 1788 A. cordata Walter nom. illeg 1803 A. laurifolia Michx. 1814 A. acuminata Pursh 1818 A. periplocaefolia Nutt. 1903 A. rubra laurifolia (Michx.) R.M.Harper Red milkweed Tall pink bog milkweed Native No recent reports 10 OBL Perennial Herb-forb Sun - part shade 154 Z Wash-Rich-Nass-Suff (only, 1990) ASRU N Wash-Rich-Nass-Suff (only) 0 0 30299 ASRU Asclepias%20rubra Asclepias rubra nymap.svg Asclepias rubra (9341532801).jpg 120 Asclepias × intermedia Vail Asclepias amplexicaulis Asclepias syriaca 1904 Asclepias intermedia Vail Intermediate milkweed clasping milkweed common milkweed Native Unranked 7264 ? A. ×intermedia - Vail - intermediate milkweed ASSY NN as synonym of Asclepias syriaca L. - common milkweed Asclepias%20syriaca nymap.svg Asclepias amplexicaulis (14329407319).jpg Asclepias speciosa Torr. 1827 Asclepias speciosa Torr. 1837 Asclepias douglasii Hook. 1931 Asclepias giffordii Eastw. Showy milkweed Greek milkweed Belle asclépiade Introduced w. North America N. America native No reports 0 P ASSP NN 2709 not listed in New England 30304 316574 2600004 Asclepias%20speciosa Asclepias speciosa nymap.svg Asclepias speciosa showy milkweed plant.JPG Asclepias speciosa A. speciosa × syriaca Asclepias speciosa Asclepias syriaca Hybrid Showy milkweed & Common milkweed Native Introduced No reports Asclepias%20speciosa David Werier (2014) "New York Vascular Plant Desiderata List" ver. 15 May 2014 nymap.svg Asclepias speciosa showy milkweed flowers.jpg Subtribe Cynanchinae Many sources, including the New York Flora Atlas still include the Vincetoxicum species in Cynanchum. Cynanchum Gentianales Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadeae Cynanchinae Cynanchum Cynanchum Swallow-wort 118 1 L. Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 1803 Gonolobus laevis Michx. 1805 Cynanchum laeve Pers. 1818 Enslenia albida Nutt. 1894 Ampelamus albidus Britton 2001 Ampelamus laevis Krings Honeyvine Smooth swallowwort Climbing milkweed Dompte-venin glabre Introduced US South native 156 X Catt (only) CYLA NX 2717 Cynanchum laeve (Michaux) Persoon not listed 501893 103228 NA 2603489 Cynanchum%20laeve Cynanchum laeve nymap.svg Cynanchum laeve - Honeyvine Milkweed.jpg Subtribe Tylophorinae Vincetoxicum Vincetoxicum includes the two very highly invasive alien vines black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) and pale swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum), also known as dog-strangling vines, which are both well-established in parts of New York State. Aside from their general invasiveness and the subsequent loss of habitat for native plants, these milkweed relatives have been implicated in luring monarch butterflies away from native milkweed as a place to lay eggs. Because only milkweed can supprort monarch larvae, those that hatch from eggs laid on the swallow-wort cannot survive. As with some other invasive plants, when swallow-wort is first introduced in an area, its rate of spread is fairly slow, so the rate of future spread and the difficulty of controlling it is often underestimated. A phenomenon called the Allee effect is responsible for increasing the growth rate of individual swallow-wort plants as their population increases and the population of competing plants declines, up to a limit of course.Naomi Cappuccino (2004). "Allee effect in an invisive alien plant, pale swallow-wort Vincetoxicum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae)." OIKOS 106: 3-8, 2004. The root cause of this effect is not certain, but a likely contributor is allelopathy on the part of the invasive swallow-worts, which both produce the phytotoxin -(-) antofine. Gentianales Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadeae Tylophorinae Vincetoxicum Vincetoxicum Swallow-wort 118 3 Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench 1753 Asclepias nigra L. 1802 Vincetoxicum nigrum Moench 1805 Cynanchum nigrum Pers. nom. illeg. 1991 Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi Black swallow-wort Black dog-strangling vine Climbing poison Louise's swallow-wort Dompte-venin noir Cynaque noir Cynanche noire Introduced southern Europe Very highly invasive Prohibited CP-2CP2 90%Cynanchum louiseae Very high 90 Perennial Forb-herb, vine 158 X Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi CYLO11 XX Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi 2718 Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi cynanchum/louiseae 523292 Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench 405615 Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench 2600133 Cynanchum%20louiseae Vincetoxicum nigrum nymap.svg Vincetoxicum nigrum01.jpg Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. 1929 Cynanchum rossicum Kleopow 1950 Vincetoxicum rossicum Barbar. 1952 Antitoxicum rossicum Pobed. auct Cynanchum medium non R.Br. auct Vincetoxicum medium non Dcne. Pale swallow-wort European swallow-wort Dog-strangling vine (DSV) Dompte-venin de Russie Introduced eastern Europe Very highly invasive Prohibited CP-3CP3 88%Cynanchum rossicum Very high 88 Perennial Forb-herb, vine 159 X Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh. CYRO8 XX Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi 2719 Cynanchum rossicum Kleopow cynanchum/rossicum 523295 Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. 414627 Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. Cynanchum%20rossicum Vincetoxicum rossicum nymap.svg Vincetoxicum rossicum SCA-10787.jpg Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. 1753 Asclepias vincetoxicum L. 1790 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. 1794 Vincetoxicum officinale Moench 1805 Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. 1883 Vincetoxicum vincetoxicum H.Karst. 1961 Alexitoxicon vincetoxicum H.P.Fuchs White swallow-wort Pale swallow-wort White dog-strangling vine Poison-rope swallowwort Dompte-venin officinal Introduced QuestionableVincetoxicum hirundinaria is not thought to be widely naturalized in North America. New York specimens may be a whiter shade of Vincetoxicum rossicum Perennial Forb-herb, vine 163 X Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. - NY reports may be C. rossicum CYVI3 XX Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. 2720 Cynanchum vincetoxicum (Linnaeus) Persoon 103225 2600068 Cynanchum%20vincetoxicum Vincetoxicum hirundinaria nymap.svg 20150604Vincetoxicum hirundinaria1.jpg Subtribe Oxypetalinae Araujia Araujia sericifera 3.JPG Araujia sericifera South American bladderflower (Araujia) species have not been reported in New York. White bladderflower (Araujia sericifera) is widely naturalized and of concern in regions with Mediterranean-type climates.Plants of the World Online (2022) Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew It is listed as highly invasive, tier 1b in New York State.York State Invasive Species Tiers (2022) New York Natural Heritage Program Gentianales Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae Asclepiadeae Oxypetalinae Araujia Araujia Bladderflower Araujia sericifera Brot. Brot. In: Trans. L. Soc. London 12: 62. (1817). 1817 Araujia sericifera Brot. 1829 Apocynum volubine Vell. 1885 Araujia hortorum E.Fourn. White bladderflower 2022 iNaturalist Cape-dandelion 2022 GBIF Introduced South America Potentially invasive Not listed in NY 3170442 30117279-2 75499-Araujia-sericifera nymap.svg Not listed 0 counties Araujia sericifera 1DS-II 1-5703.jpg