Quenya/U-stems

Nouns in -o that keep -o in all cases They are declined as follows (we use aD6qY carpo "frog"): Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural NominativeaE6qYcarpoaE6qY6carporaE6qY1carpotaE6qYj%carpoli GenitiveaE6qYcarpoaE6qY7Y5carporonaE6qY1YcarpotoaE6qYj%`N5carpolion PossessiveaE6qYyEcarpovaaE6qlYcarpoivaaE6qY1nEcarpotwaaE6qYj~ByEcarpolíva DativeaE6qY5carponaE6qlY5carpoinaE6qY4carpontaE6qYj%5carpolin AblativeaE6qYj°^carpolloaE6qYj°^5carpollonaE6qYj°^6carpolloraE6qYj1YcarpoltoaE6qYj%j°^5carpolillonaE6qYj%j°^6carpolillor AllativeaE6qY5"#carponnaaE6qY5"#6carponnaraE6qY4#carpontaaE6qYj%5"#carpolinnaaE6qYj%5"#6carpolinnar LocativeaE6qY,FcarpossëaE6qY,F5carpossenaE6qY1R+carpotsëaE6qYj%,FcarpolissëaE6qYj%,F5carpolissen InstrumentalaE6qY5$5carponenaE6qlY5$5carpoinenaE6qY4$5carpontenaE6qYj~B5$5carpolínen RespectiveaE6qY8carposaE6qlY8carpoisaE6qY1R8carpotesaE6qYj%8carpolis The u-duals in this group are declined as follows (we use `N2^ ondo "stone"): Case Nominative Genitive Possessive Dative Ablative Allative Locative Instrumental Respective Dual Form`N2&ondu`N2&`Nonduo`N2&yEonduva`N2&5ondun`N2&j°^ondullo`N2&5"#ondunna`N2&,Fondussë`N2&5$5ondunen`N2&8ondus Nouns in -u that keep -u in all cases There also exist words that end in the nominative in \`M –u, these are however not U-stems. They differ from the U-stems in the nominative and the genitive plural. These nouns due to retaining the \`M –u, the dual forms are always distinguished with the \1 –t dual form. They are declined as follows (we use 9R7U heru "lord"): Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural Nominative9R7Uheru9R7U6herur9R7U1herut9R7Uj%heruli Genitive9R7Uheru9R7U7Y5heruron9R7U1Yheruto9R7Uj%`N5herulion Possessive9R7UyEheruva9R7lUyEheruiva9R7U1nEherutwa9R7Uj~ByEherulíva Dative9R7U5herun9R7lU5heruin9R7U4herunt9R7Uj%5herulin Ablative9R7Uj°^herullo9R7Uj°^5herullon9R7Uj°^6herullor9R7Uj1Yherulto9R7Uj%j°^5herulillon9R7Uj%j°^6herulillor Allative9R7U5"#herunna9R7U5"#6herunnar9R7U4#herunta9R7Uj%5"#herulinna9R7Uj%5"#6herulinnar Locative9R7U,Fherussë9R7U,F5herussen9R7U`R+herutsë9R7Uj%,Fherulissë9R7Uj%,F5herulissen Instrumental9R7U5$5herunen9R7lU5$5heruinen9R7U4$5herunten9R7Uj~B5$5herulínen Respective9R7U8herus9R7lU8heruis9R7U`R8herutes9R7Uj%8herulis Nouns in -o with a U-stem These are the real U-stems. But there are two exceptional categories: the nouns in \aH -co and the nouns in \s^ -ngo. The others are declined as follows (we use t#j^ malo, t#j&\ malu- "pollen"). Note that these nouns don't follow the normal rule for the formation of the plural: they get \`B -i as extension instead of the \6 -r that ordinarily follows vowels. Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural Nominativet#j^malot#jlUmaluit#j&1malutt#j&j%maluli Genitivet#j&`Nmaluot#jlU`N5maluiont#j&1Ymalutot#j&j%`N5malulion Possessivet#j&yEmaluvat#jlUyEmaluivat#j&1nEmalutwat#j&j~ByEmalulíva Dativet#j&5malunt#jlU5maluint#j&4maluntt#j&5malulin Ablativet#j&j°^malullot#j&j°^5malullont#j&j°^6malullort#j&j1Ymalultot#j&j%j°^5malulillont#j&j%j°^6malulillor Allativet#j&5"#malunnat#j&5"#6malunnart#j&4#maluntat#j&j%5"#malulinnat#j&j%5"#6malulinnar Locativet#j&,Fmalussët#j&,F5malussent#j&1R+malutsët#j&,Fmalulissët#j&,F5malulissen Instrumentalt#j&5$5malunent#jlU5$5maluinent#j&4$5maluntent#j&j~B5$5malulínen Respectivet#j&8malust#jlU8maluist#j&1R8malutest#j&j%8malulis The u-duals in this group are declined as follows (we use iG1Y sito, iG1U\ situ- "habit"): Case Nominative Genitive Possessive Dative Ablative Allative Locative Instrumental Respective Dual FormiG1UsituiG1U`NsituoiG1UyEsituvaiG1U5situniG1Uj°^situlloiG1U5"#situnnaiG1U,FsitussëiG1U5$5situneniG1U8situs. Note that these forms are, except for the nominative, all equal to the singular. The noun 1U`N tuo "muscle" behaves rather strangely because its Old-Elvish stem was 1~M`M\ 'túu'-. This long ~M ú appears when the ending begins in a single consonant; when the ending starts in a consonant cluster or a vowel, we find `M u instead of ~M ú, e.g. Dative singular: 1~M5 tún Ablative singular: 1Uj°^ tullo U-stems in -co The special feature here is that the combination aJ`B cui changes in zG qui. As an example we look at `M6aH urco, `M6aJ\ urcu- "bogey": Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural Nominative`M6aHurco`M6zGurqui`M6aJ1urcut`M6aJj%urculi Genitive`M6aJ`Nurcuo`M6zG`N5urquion`M6aJ1Yurcuto`M6aJj%`N5urculion Possessive`M6aJyEurcuva`M6zGyEurquiva`M6aJ1nEurcutwa`M6aJj~ByEurculíva Dative`M6aJ5urcun`M6zG5urquin`M6aJ4urcunt`M6aJj%5urculin Ablative`M6aJj°^urcullo`M6aJj°^5urcullon`M6aJj°^6urcullor`M6aJj1Yurculto`M6aJj%j°^5urculillon`M6aJj%j°^6urculillor Allative`M6aJ5"#urcunna`M6aJ5"#6urcunnar`M6aJ4#urcunta`M6aJj%5"#urculinna`M6aJj%5"#6urculinnar Locative`M6aJ,Furcussë`M6aJ,F5urcussen`M6aJ1R+urcutsë`M6aJj%,Furculissë`M6aJj%,F5urculissen Instrumental`M6aJ5$5urcunen`M6zG5$5urquinen`M6aJ4$5urcunten`M6aJj~B5$5urculínen Respective`M6aJ8urcus`M6zG8urquis`M6aJ1R8urcutes`M6aJj%8urculis The u-duals are just as in the example of iG1Y sito, except for the nominative, all equal to the singular. Two nouns behave irregularly: 7.DaH rauco "demon" is only a U-stem in the singular, partitive plural and dual. The plural is formed with the stem 7.DaD\ rauca-. 1RjaH telco "leg, stem" is only a U-stem in the plural and the dual. The singular and partitive plural are formed with the stem 1RjaH\ telco- (see above for nouns that end in \`N -o). U-stems in -go The special feature here is that the combination s& ngu + `B i changes in x% ngwi. As an example we look at `Cs^ ango, `Cs&\ angu- "snake": Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural Nominative`Cs^ango`Cx%angwi`Cs&1angut`Cs&j%anguli Genitive`Cs&`Nanguo`Cx%`N5angwion`Cs&1Yanguto`Cs&j%`N5angulion Possessive`Cs&yEanguva`Cx%yEangwiva`Cs&1nEangutwa`Cs&j~ByEangulíva Dative`Cs&5angun`Cx%5angwin`Cs&4angunt`Cs&j%5angulin Ablative`Cs&j°^angullo`Cs&j°^5angullon`Cs&j°^6angullor`Cs&j1Yangulto`Cs&j%j°^5angulillon`Cs&j%j°^6angulillor Allative`Cs&5"#angunna`Cs&5"#6angunnar`Cs&4#angunta`Cs&5j%5"#angulinna`Cs&5j%5"#6angulinnar Locative`Cs&,Fangussë`Cs&,F5angussen`Cs&1R+angutsë`Cs&j%,Fangulissë`Cs&j%,F5angulissen Instrumental`Cs&5$5angunen`Cx%5$5angwinen`Cs&4$5angunten`Cs&j~B5$5angulínen Respective`Cs&8angus`Cx%8angwis`Cs&1R8angutes`Cs&j%8angulis The u-duals are just as in the example of iG1Y sito, except for the nominative, all equal to the singular. >> Neo-Quenya >> ../Nouns/ >> ../U-stems/