Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/G-H

A-B | C-D | E-F | G-H | I-J | K-L | M-N | O-P | Q,R,S | T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z WordMeaningGGall bladderThe small pouch that stores bileGameteA reproductive cell - sperm or ovumGanglionA group of nerve cells outside central nervous systemGas exchangeThe process in which oxygen from inhaled air is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood is transferred into the alveoliGastric juiceThe digestive secretion produced by glands in the wall of the stomachGeneA biological unit of heredityGestationThe period of foetal development inside the uterusGirdleAn encircling or arching arrangement of bonesGizzardThe second part of the stomach of birds. In seed eating birds it contains pebbles and its muscular walls help grind the foodGlandA collection of cells that secrete substancesGliding jointA synovial joint with flat articulating surfaces that permits limited movements e.g. between carpals and tarsalsGlomerular capsuleSee Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusTuft of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule in nephronGlottisVocal cordsGlucoseThe smallest sugar. Major energy source for all cellsGlycerolA molecule that combines with three fatty acid molecules to form a fat or oilGlycogenA highly branched polymer of glucose. Energy store in bodyGoitreA condition involving enlargement of thyroid glandGolgi complex apparatusA cell organelle concerned with packaging, processing and secretion of organic moleculesGonadsThe ovary and testesGraafian follicleThe mature ovarian follicleGrey matterArea of the nervous system consisting of cell bodiesGrowth hormoneA hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates growth, particularly of the skeletonHHaematocritThe percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Also called packed cell volume (PCV)HaematuriaUrine that contains red blood cellsHaemoglobinPigment containing iron in red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygenHaemolysisThe escape of haemoglobin from a red blood cellHaemorrhageBleedingHaploidHaving half the normal number of chromosomes, produced by meiosisHaversian canalThe canal down centre of a Haversian systemHaversian systemThe columns of boney tissue that make up compact boneHeparinA naturally occurring anticoagulant. Also used in laboratory tests for heavy metalsHepaticTo do with the liverHepatic portal vesselThe blood vessel that carries blood from the intestines to the liverHinge jointA synovial joint that allows movement in only one plane e.g. elbowHistamineA substance secreted from white cells and platelets that is involved in the inflammatory responseHockThe joint (between the tarsals and metatarsalsHomoiothermic‘Warm-blooded’ animals that regulate their body temperatureHormoneA secretion from an endocrine glandHumerusThe bone of the upper forearm between the scapula and the radius and ulnaHyperglycemiaElevated blood glucose levelHypertensionHigh blood pressureHyperthermiaHigh body temperatureHypertonicHaving an osmotic pressure higher than a solution with which it is comparedHypotensionLow blood pressureHypotonicHaving an osmotic pressure lower than a solution with which it is compared