Láadan/Lessons/9

Láadan The Manner marker, the Reason marker, the Purpose marker, and the To-Cause-To marker (in this manner, because, in order to, to cause to) Previous Page Next Page The Manner marker: -nal [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Manner] To mark the manner in which something is done (such as quickly, meticulously, etc.), we use the "-nal" suffix. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi di be wa. He speaks. di = to speak, be = he/she/it/they (singular) Bíi di be lóolonal wa. He speaks slowly. lóolo = slow The Reason-cause marker: -wáan [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Cause] This cause marker is used to specify that something is done because of some reason, while "-wan" is to specify "in order to..." or for some purpose. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi héeya be wa. She is afraid. héeya = to be afraid Bíi héeya be óowamidewáan wa. She is afraid because of the dragon. óowamid = dragon The Purpose-cause marker: -wan [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Cause] The "-wan" suffix is used to specify that some action is being done, in order to to do something (that something being whatever has the -wan suffix.) Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi ulanin be wa. She is studying. ulanin = to study Bíi ulanin be bediwan wa. She is studying to learn. bedi = to learn The cause marker: dó- [(Aux) Verb (Neg) CP-S CP-Obj] You can change a verb into "the subject causes the object to [VERB]" by putting "dó-" at the beginning of the verb. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi yod le wa. I am eating. yod = to eat Bíi dóyod le mideth wa. I am feeding the animal. mid = animal Notes