Flora of New York/Poaceae 2

Poaceae 2 Poaceae 1 Poaceae 3 Poales genus index Subfamily Danthonioideae Subfam. Danthonioideae H.P. Linder & N.P. Baker (2001) (sister to Chloridoideae) contains the tribe Danthonieae.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Tribe Danthonieae Tribe Danthonieae Zotov (1963) contains the genera Austroderia, Capeochloa, Chaetobromus, Chimaerochloa, Chionochloa, Cortaderia, Danthonia, Geochloa, Merxmuellera, Notochloe, Pentameris, Plinthanthesis, Pseudopentameris, Rytidosperma, Schismus, Tenaxia, and Tribolium.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Danthonia Danthonia spicata 5498083.jpg Danthonia spicata Two species of oat grass (Danthonia spp.) are native to New York: poverty grass (D. spicata) and northern oat grass (D. compressa). Poales Poaceae Danthonioideae Danthonieae Danthonia Danthonia Oat grass 337 2 Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. 1753 Avena spicata L. 1817 Danthonia spicata (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. 1913 Pentameris spicata (L.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. Poverty grass Poverty oatgrass Poverty oat grass Native Secure 2381 5 Demonstrably secure in New York State DASP2 NN Danthonia/spicata 103485 25510902 Danthonia spicata 5498956.jpg Danthonia compressa Austin 1869 Danthonia compressa Austin 1871 D. spicata compressa (Austin) Alph. Wood 1909 Merathrepta compressa (Austin) A. Heller 1913 Pentameris compressa (Austin) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Northern oat grass Flattened oatgrass Native Secure 2382 5 Demonstrably secure in New York State DACO NN Eastern North America & Alaska Danthonia/compressa 404584 25511816 Danthonia compressa BB-1913.png Danthonia Oat grass 337 X (excluded taxa) Danthonia sericea Nutt. 1818 Danthonia sericea Nutt. 1901 Danthonia epilis Scribn. Downy oat grass Downy danthonia N. America native Excluded X 214 EXCLUDED DASE2 N0 417502 25511823 nymap.svg Danthonia sericea NRCS-010.jpg Danthonia compressa × spicata Danthonia compressa Danthonia spicata northern oat grass poverty grass Native Excluded X EXCLUDED nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Cortaderia Starr-091209-0420-Cortaderia selloana-flower plumes-Kula-Maui (24898666241).jpg Cortaderia selloana in Hawaii Poales Poaceae Danthonioideae Danthonieae Cortaderia Cortaderia Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. 1827 Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult.f. 1900 Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. Uruguayan pampas grass Selloa pampas grass Introduced Highly invasive 2704523 nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Cortadera, Plumero, Plumacho o Cola de Zorro.jpg Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfam. Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833) (sister to Danthonioideae) contains the tribes Centropodieae, Triraphideae, Eragrostideae, Zoysieae, and Cynodonteae.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Tribe Eragrostideae Subtribe Eragrostidinae Eragrostis Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Eragrostideae Eragrostidinae Eragrostis Eragrostis Lovegrass 917 11 Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees Lace grass Tiny love-grass Native Secure 2404 5 ERCA NN Eragrostis/capillaris Eragrostis capillaris nymap.svg Eragrostis capillaris HC-1950.png Eragrostis frankii C.A.Mey. ex Steud. Frank's love-grass Sandbar lovegrass Native Secure 2406 5 ERFR NX Eragrostis/frankii Eragrostis frankii nymap.svg Eragrostis frankii HC-1950.png Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Teal love grass Native Secure 2409 5 ERHY NN Eragrostis/hypnoides nymap.svg Eragrostis hypnoides NRCS-1.jpg Eragrostis spectabilis Purple lovegrass Native Secure 2402 5 ERSP NX Eragrostis/spectabilis nymap.svg Eragrostis spectabilis.jpg Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. pectinacea Tufted lovegrass Spreading lovegrass Purple lovegrass Native Secure 6655 5 Railroad edges, disturbed soils, waste places, fields with thin soils, and stream banks. ERPEP2 NN Eragrostis/pectinacea 527900 15292 nymap.svg Eragrostis pectinacea var pectinacea (as E. diffusa) BB-1913.png Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. miserrima (Fourn.) J.Reeder Desert lovegrass Introduced N. America native 2334 X ERPEM NN Eragrostis/pectinacea 527899 15292 nymap.svg Eragrostis pectinacea var miserrima (as E. arida) HC-1950-mod.png Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood Sand lovegrass Introduced N. America native Impersistent 2127 Xm ERTR3 N0 Eragrostis/trichodes nymap.svg Eragrostis trichodes 0776.jpg 120 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. pilosa 1753 Poa pilosa L. 1812 Eragrostis pilosa P.Beauv. India love-grass Hairy love-grass Soft love-grass Jersey love-grass Pâturin poilu Introduced 2319 X ERPI2 XX Eragrostis/pilosa 15295 nymap.svg Eragrostis pilosa 1.jpg Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen E. major Host E. megastachya (Koeler) Link Poa cilianensis All. Stinkgrass Candygrass Introduced Potentially invasive 6728 X ERCI XX Invasive Eragrostis/cilianensis nymap.svg Eragrostis cilianensis spikelet1 NWS - Flickr - Macleay Grass Man.jpg Eragrostis minor Host Little lovegrass Introduced 2405 X ERMI5 XX Eragrostis/minor nymap.svg Eragrostis minor (6124344114).jpg Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees E. chloromelas Steud. E. robusta Stent Weeping lovegrass Boer love grass Introduced Moderately invasive Invasive 57%Eragrostis curvula Moderate 57 2407 X ERCU2 X0 eragrostis/curvula Eragrostis%20curvula Eragrostis curvula nymap.svg Starr 050208-3897 Eragrostis curvula.jpg Subtribe Unioliinae Subtribe Unioliinae Clayton (1982) contains 11 species in 5 genera: Entoplocamia, Fingerhuthia, Tetrachaete, Tetrachne, and Uniola.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Uniola Uniola paniculata.JPG Uniola paniculata Sea oats (Uniola paniculata) are native to the southeastern coastal United States, Mexico, Bahamas and Cuba. They are not known to have naturalized any farther north than Delaware. Sea oats produce few seeds and spread primarily by rhizomes. This plant is no longer considered to be a close relative of Chasmanthium latifolium (Indian woodoats) which was once placed in this genus as Uniola latifolia and is sometimes known as "northern sea oats". Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Eragrostideae Uniolinae Uniola Uniola Uniola 0 1 Uniola paniculata L. 1753 Uniola paniculata L. Seaoats Sea oats Seaside oats North American sea-oats Araña Arroz de costa Introduced N. America native FACU 0 Not listed UNPA N Uniola%20paniculata nymap.svg Uniola paniculata (plume).jpg Tribe Zoysieae Subtribe Sporobolinae Sporobolus The subgeneric classification used here for Sporobolus (Dropseed) is from Peterson et. al. (2014), which includes the genera Calamovilfa, Crypsis, Spartina, and Thellungia (most of Sporobolinae) within Sporobolus to make it monophyletic. Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243. Sporobolus sect. Clandestini Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Clandestini Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Clandestini Sporobolus neglectus Nash 1895 Sporobolus neglectus Nash 1901 Sporobolus vaginiflorus neglectus Scribn. 1954 Sporobolus vaginiflorus neglectus Shinners [isonym] Small dropseed Puffsheath dropseed Sporobole négligé Native Secure Annual Graminoid 2204 5 SPNE2 NN sporobolus/neglectus 42145 103652 25511522 nymap.svg Sporobolus neglectus BB-1913.png Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. Wood vaginiflorus Sheathed dropseed Poverty dropseed Native Secure Annual Graminoid 2271 5 SPVAV2 NN sporobolus/vaginiflorus 42126 nymap.svg Sporobolus vaginiflorus BB-1913.png Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. compositus 1803 Agrostis aspera Michx. [illeg.] 1823 Agrostis longifolia Torr. 1829 Sporobolus asper (P.Beauv.) Kunth 1901 Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. Composite dropseed Tall dropseed Rough dropseed Rushgrass Sporobole rude Native Likely secure 6695 4-5 SPCOC2 NN 7969 sporobolus/compositus 531124 50052147 nymap.svg Sporobolus compositus var compositus BB-1913.png Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. 1807 Agrostis clandestina Biehler 1861 Sporobolus longifolius Alph.Wood 1901 Sporobolus canovirens Nash 1908 Sporobolus clandestinus Hitchc. 1954 S. asper canovirens Shinners 1954 S. asper clandestinus Shinners 1995 S. compositus clandestinus Rough dropseed Hidden dropseed Native Endangered Perennial Graminoid 2206 1 SPCL N0 sporobolus/clandestinus 42117 316843 25512543 nymap.svg Sporobolus clandestinus (as S. canovirens) BB-1913.png Sporobolus sect. Calamovilfa Because the genus Calamovilfa (sandreed) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Calamovilfa species to a subsection within Sporobolus. Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Calamovilfa Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Floridani Sporobolus heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray 1835 Vilfa heterolepis A.Gray 1848 Sporobolus heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray Northern dropseed Prairie dropseed Native Threatened 10 FACU Perennial Graminoid 2205 2 SPHE NN Sporobolus/heterolepis 35365 nymap.svg Sporobolus heterolepis WisconsinStrain BotGardBln07122011D.JPG Sporobolus Sandreed 1007 10 Calamovilfa Sporobolus rigidus (Buckley) P.M.Peterson magnus P.M.Peterson 1901 Calamovilfa longifolia magna Scribn.& Merr. 2014 Sporobolus rigidus magnus P.M.Peterson Prairie sandreed Sand reed-grass Introduced N. America native Likely extirpated in NY 2211 XZm Erie county only CALOM NN Great Lakes region 532803 nymap.svg Calamovilfa longifolia BB-1913.png Sporobolus sect. Pyramidati Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Pyramidati Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Pyramidati Pyramidati Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. Whorled dropseed Introduced Impersistent 6693 Xm Westchester County only - A wool mill waif from Yonkers. SPPY2 N0 nymap.svg Starr 080207-2390 Sporobolus pyramidatus.jpg Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. 1882 S. cryptandrus strictus Scribn. 1901 S. strictus (Scribn.) Merr. nom. illeg. hom. (Sporobolus strictus Franch. 1895) 1915 S. contractus Hitchc. Narrow-spiked dropseed Spike dropseed Introduced western U.S.A. northern Mexico Excluded Perennial Graminoid X 795 SPCO4 N0 25512544 nymap.svg Sporobolus sect. Cryptandri Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Cryptandri Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Cryptandri Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray 1824 Agrostis cryptandra Torr. 1840 Vilfa cryptandra (Torr.) Trin. 1848 Sporobolus cryptandrus A.Gray 1870 Sporobolus subinclusus Phil. Sand dropseed Prairie grass Sporobole à fleurs cacnées Native Unranked FACU UPL Perennial Graminoid 2136 U SPCR NN 7971 sporobolus/cryptandrus 42132 35355 Sporobolus%20cryptandrus nymap.svg Sporobolus cryptandrus (3796727047).jpg Sporobolus sect. Sporobolus Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Sporobolus Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Sporobolus Sporobolus indicus Blackseed Smut grass Introduced 6694 Xm SPIN4 X0 nymap.svg Starr 080609-7976 Sporobolus indicus.jpg Sporobolus sect. Airoides Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Airoides Sporobolus Dropseed 1007 10 Airoides Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. 1824 Agrostis airoides Torr. 1841 Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud. 1854 Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud. hom? 1856 Sporobolus airoides Torr. Alkali sacaton Introduced western N.A. Impersistent 2162 Xm SPAI NN 35344 25512538 nymap.svg Sporobolus airoides (3912523640).jpg Sporobolus sect. Spartina Spartina pectinata 2.JPG Sporobolus michauxianusprairie cordgrass Because the genus Spartina (Cordgrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Spartina species to a section within Sporobolus. Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243.Mary Barkworth. "17.45 Treatment for Spartina Schreb." The Grass Manual on the Web. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Spartina Sporobolus Spartina Spartina Cordgrass 719 5 Sporobolus michauxianus (Hitchc.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1803 Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx. 1820 Spartina pectinata Link 1908 Spartina michauxiana Hitchc. 2014 Sporobolus michauxianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus pectinatus Hack. Fresh water cordgrass Prairie cordgrass Native Secure 2216 5 SPPE NN nymap.svg Spartina pectinata.jpg Sporobolus pumilus (Roth) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1789 Dactylis patens Aiton 1806 Spartina pumila Roth 1817 Spartina patens Muhl. 2014 Sporobolus pumilus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus patens Swallen Saltmeadow cordgrass Marshhay cordgrass Marsh grass Native Secure 2217 5 SPPA NN spartina/patens 70745 nymap.svg Spartina patens Spring.jpg Sporobolus cynosuroides (L.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1753 Dactylis cynosuroides L. 1803 Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx. 1804 Paspalum cynosuroides Brot. 1806 Spartina cynosuroides Roth 1812 Spartina polystachya (Michx.) P. Beauv. 1825 Cynodon cynosuroides Raspail Salt reedgrass Big cordgrass Native Likely secure 2218 4 SPCY N0 nymap.svg The book of grasses - an illustrated guide to the common grasses, and the most common of the rushes and sedges (1912) (14576963079).jpg Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela Sporobolus michauxianus Sporobolus pumilus 1898 Spartina × caespitosa A.A.Eaton 1906 Spartina patens caespitosa Hitchc. 2014 Sporobolus × eatonianus P.M.Peterson & Saarela non Sporobolus caespitosus Kunth Marsh cordgrass hybrid Freshwater cordgrass Saltmeadow cordgrass Native Threatened 2144 2? SPCA NN nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Sporobolus Spartina Alterniflori Cordgrass 719 5 Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela 1803 Spartina alterniflora Loisel. 1815 Trachynotia alterniflora DC. 2014 Sporobolus alterniflorus P.M.Peterson & Saarela Saltwater cordgrass Smooth cordgrass Native Secure 2238 5 SPAL NN nymap.svg Spartina alterniflora HC-1950.png Sporobolus sect. Crypsis Crypsis schoenoides sl9.jpg Sporobolus schoenoides Because the genus Crypsis (Picklegrass) has been found to be embedded within a paraphyletic Sporobolus genus, Peterson et. al. (2014) recommended the transfer of the Crypsis species to a subsection within Sporobolus. Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Y. Herrera Arrieta, J.M. Saarela (2014). "A molecular phylogeny and new subgeneric classification of Sporobolus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae)." TAXON 63(6) - December 2014: 1212–1243. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae Sporobolinae Sporobolus Crypsis Sporobolus Prickle grass 259 1 Crypsis Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson 1753 Phleum schoenoides L. 1791 Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. 1801 Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host 2014 Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson Swamp pricklegrass Swamp timothy Rush-like timothy Crypside faux-choin Crypsis faux-choin Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Not naturalized OBL FACU Annual Graminoid 2156 X CRSC XX 7513 crypsis/schoenoides 41605 418961 nymap.svg Crypsis schoenoides.jpg Tribe Cynodonteae Subtribe Gouiniinae Triplasis Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Gouiniinae Triplasis Sand grass 199 1 Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. purpurea 1788 Aira purpurea Walter 1860 Triplasis purpurea Chapm. Purple sandgrass Native Likely secure 2229 4 Apparently secure in New York TRPU4 NN endangered in PA & KY 316927 25541204 nymap.svg Triplasis purpurea HC-1950.png Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Gouiniinae Subtribe Eleusininae Subtribe Eleusininae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Acrachne, Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Astrebla, Austrochloris, Chloris, Chrysochloa, Coelachyrum, Cynodon, Daknopholis, Dinebra, Diplachne, Disakisperma, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eustachys, Harpochloa, Leptochloa, Lepturus, Lintonia, Microachne, Microchloa, Oxychloris, Pommereulla, Rendlia, Rheochloa, Saugetia, Schoenefeldia, Sclerodactylon, Stapfochloa, and Tetrapogon.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Those in bold type contain species found in New York. Of those, only Diplachne contains a species that is considered to be native. Diplachne Diplachne fusca flowerhead1 (7225545826).jpg Diplachne fuscabearded sprangletop Bearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow) is the only Diplachne species known to grow in the wild in New York State. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Diplachne Diplachne Sprangle top 142 1 Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. fascicularis Diplachne maritima E.P.Bicknell Diplachne acuminata Nash Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P.Beauv. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth fascicularis Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. fascicularis Bearded sprangletop Salt-meadow grass Saltpond grass Native Endangered 7 OBL FACW Perennial Graminoid 2272 1 LEFUF NX leptochloa/fusca 566046 416598 nymap.svg Diplachne fusca habit.jpg Stapfochloa Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Stapfochloa Stapfochloa Windmill grass 31 3 Stapfochloa ciliata Fringed windmill grass Introduced N. America native Impersistent 6740 Xm Not Persisting, Not Native, Westchester only CHCI N0 NY & TX only (assume Texas native) 41554 10251 nymap.svg Chloris ciliata HC-1950.png Chloris Chloris virgata.jpg Chloris virgata Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Chloris Chloris Windmill grass 31 3 Chloris verticillata Nutt. 1835 Chloris verticillata Nutt. Tumble windmill grass 2022 ARS-GRIN: Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31 Windmill grass 2022 ARS-GRIN: Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. Introduced N. America native Impersistent 6738 Xm Not Persisting, Not Native, Chemung only CHVE2 N0 991601-1 chloris/verticillata 76294-Chloris-verticillata 103627 nymap.svg 2 counties 2 counties Chloris verticillata HC-1950.png Chloris virgata Sw. 1797 Chloris virgata Sw. 1816 Chloris elegans Kunth Feather finger grass 2022 ARS-GRIN: Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31 Feather windmill grass 2022 ARS-GRIN: FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Introduced N. America native Impersistent 6737 Xm Not Persisting, Not Native CHVI4 N0 396063-1 chloris/virgata 62918-Chloris-virgata 10289 nymap.svg 2 counties no observations Chloris virgata kz1.jpg Leptochloa Trichloris crinita.jpg Leptochloa crinitafalse rhodes grass Sprangletop (LeptochloaPeterson PM, Romaschenko K, Snow N, Johnson G. 2012. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Leptochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Chlorideae) sensu lato and related genera. Annals of Botany, n.s. Oxford 109: 1317–1329., syn. Trichloris) species are not native to nor known to be naturalized in New York State, but an apparent waif of false rhodes grass (Leptochloa crinita) was collected in Westchester County in 1898. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Leptochloa Leptochloa Sprangletop 142 1 Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 1805 Chloris crinita Lag. 1947 Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi 2012 Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow False rhodes grass Introduced N. America native Impersistent 6739 X TRCR9 N 522796 40080 60458640-2 nymap.svg Trichloris crinita 1.jpg Cynodon Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Cynodon Cynodon Bermuda grass 927 1 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. dactylon 1753 Panicum dactylon L. 1805 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1806 Digitaria stolonifera Schrad. 1891 Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze Bermudagrass Bermuda grass Introduced 2408 Xn Cynodon/dactylon 315474 nymap.svg Cynodon dactylon sl9.jpg Eleusine Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Eleusine Eleusine Goose grass 561 1 Gaertn. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1753 Cynosurus indicus L. 1788 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1854 Eleusine japonica Steud. Goose grass India goosegrass Indian goosegrass Introduced Africa Asia Naturalized X FACU Annual Graminoid 2399 X Disturbed soils, waste places, roadsides, and dirt roads. ELIN3 XX 14997 nymap.svg Eleusine indica spikelets1 (7120792577).jpg Eleusine Goose grass 561 X Gaertn. (excluded taxa) Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. 1786 Cynosurus tristachyos Lam. 1792 Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. American crowfoot grass Introduced South American Excluded X 208 EXCLUDED 15000 nymap.svg Eleusine tristachya head1 (10045432075).jpg Eustachys Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Eustachys Eustachys Finger grass 608 1 Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth Argentine fingergrass Introduced Impersistent 6723 X EURE5 X0 nymap.svg Eustachys retusa NRCS-1.png Dactyloctenium Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Eleusininae Dactyloctenium Dactyloctenium Crowfoot-grass 700 1 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (1809) Crowfoot grass Egyptian grass Finger grass Introduced Impersistent 6734 Xm DAAE XX nymap.svg Starr 021108-0065 Dactyloctenium aegyptium.jpg Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Subtribe Pappophorinae Subtribe Pappophorinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Neesiochloa, Pappophorum, and Tridens (excl. Tridentopsis}.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Those in bold type contain species found in New York. Of those, only Tridens contains a species that is considered to be native. Tridens Tridens flavus (4120267818).jpg Tridens flavus Native purpletop (Tridens flavus) is the only species of Tridens found in New York. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Pappophorinae Tridens tridens 1050 1 Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. flavus 1753 Poa flava L. 1894 Sieglingia sesleroides (Michx.) Scribn. 1906 Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. 1913 Triodia flava (L.) Smyth Purpletop tridens Tall purple-topped fluffgrass Purpletop Redtop Tall Red Top Native Secure 0 UPL Perennial Perennial 2276 5 TRFLF NX Tridens/flavus 530720 40150 nymap.svg Tridens flavus.jpg Pappophorum Pappophorum vaginatum - Flickr - aspidoscelis (1).jpg Pappophorum vaginatum Pappus grass Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Pappophorinae Pappophorum Pappus grass 322 2 Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley Whiplash pappusgrass Introduced US South native Impersistent 6707 Xm Not Persisting, Not Native, State exotic PAVA2 N0 nymap.svg Pappophorum vaginatum (as P. mucronulatum) HC-1950.png Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze Limestone pappus grass 2021 New York Flora Association Limestone pappusgrass 2021 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Introduced Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Not naturalized 7453 Xm PAPA7 XX nymap.svg Pappophorum Pappus grass X (excluded taxa) Pappophorum bicolor Fourn. Pink pappusgrass Introduced US South native Excluded X 791 EXCLUDED PABI2 N0 Texas & NY only Excluded nymap.svg Pappophorum bicolor HC-1950-d.png Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Pappophorinae Subtribe Traginae Tragus Tragus racemosus sl39.jpg Tragus racemosus Burr grass does not appear to naturalize in New York State, but these two Eurasian species were collected in 1889 in New York and Westchester Counties. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Traginae Tragus Burr grass 793 2 Tragus berteronianus Schult. Spiked burr grass Spiked bur grass Texas bur African bur grass Introduced Africa Asia Impersistent 6691 Xm TRBE XX 42216 1824 nymap.svg Starr 050301-4741 Tragus berteronianus.jpg Tragus racemosus (L.) All. Spiked burr grass Stalked bur grass Texas bur European bur grass Introduced Africa Eurasia Impersistent 6690 Xm TRRA X0 42217 36823 nymap.svg Tragus racemosus sl6.jpg Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Traginae Subtribe Monanthochloinae Distichlis Distichlis spicata (5879305365).jpg Distichlis spicata Saltgrass is found in salt marshes and brackish marshes, occasionally in dense stands in southeastern New York State. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Monanthochloinae Distichlis Salt grass 201 1 Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene Saltgrass Salt grass Inland saltgrass Native Secure 9 FACW Perennial Graminoid 6730 5 Demonstrably secure in New York State. DISP NN 40662 14415 nymap.svg Distichlis spicata (5879306521).jpg Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Monanthochloinae Subtribe Boutelouinae Bouteloua Bouteloua curtipendula (3797568700).jpg Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua has about 20 species that are native to North America. The two that have been found in New York, sideoats grama and blue grama were both major components of the shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains.J.K. Wipff "17.46 Bouteloua Lag." published in Barkworth et al. (eds.), Flora of North America vol. Sideoats grama is still common in the west, but has become rare in the east and in listed as endangered in New York. Blue grama is not considered to be native to the Northeast, and is a rare introduction to New York. See Plants of Monroe County. Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Boutelouinae Bouteloua Bouteloua Grama 557 2 Bouteloua Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. curtipendula 1803 Chloris curtipendula Michx. 1853 Bouteloua curtipendula Torr. Sideoats grama Side-oats grama Tall grama grass Native Endangered 19718 Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula Endangered S1 G5T5 2317 1 BOCUC2 NN US lower-48 & Canada native bouteloua/curtipendula 526956 404254 Bouteloua+curtipendula Bouteloua%20curtipendula nymap.svg Bouteloua curtipendula closeup of spikes in bloom.jpg Bouteloua Grama 557 2 Chondrosum Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 1816. Chondrosum gracile Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1817. Actinochloa gracilis (Kunth) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 1818. Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 78 1824. Atheropogon gracilis (Kunth) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1:293 1824. Eutriana gracilis (Kunth) Trin. in Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl.:240 1829. Eutriana oligostachya (Nutt.) Kunth in Révis. Gramin. 1:96 1853. Chondrosum oligostachyum (Nutt.) Torr. in R.B.Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 1856. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. ex A.Gray in Manual, ed. 2:553 1887. Bouteloua major Vasey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14:10, nom. nud. 1912. Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., nom. cons. 2021. Chondrosum strictum (Vasey) Wipff in Phytoneuron 2021-53: 2 Blue grama Blue gramma Eyelash grass Introduced western N. America Mexico N. America native Not naturalized 2329 Monroe, Ontario Monroe (1933), Ontario BOGR2 NN bouteloua/gracilis 7527 Bouteloua+gracilis Bouteloua%20gracilis nymap.svg Bouteloua gracilis Butelua 2007-08-11 02.jpg Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hirsuta 1805 Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Hairy grama Introduced N. America native 0 U 7529 Bouteloua%20hirsuta Excluded nymap.svg Bouteloua hirsuta - Berlin Botanical Garden - IMG 8588.JPG Bouteloua Grama 557 2 Buchloe Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T.Columbus Buffalograss Buffalo-grass Introduced central N. America N. America native 0 U BODA2 NN 418957 Bouteloua%20dactyloides Excluded nymap.svg Buchloe dactyloides.jpg Subtribe Muhlenbergiinae Muhlenbergia Muhlenbergia frondosa 91458568.jpg Muhlenbergia frondosa Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Cynodonteae Muhlenbergiinae Muhlenbergia Muhlenbergia Muhly 358 10 Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald 1803 Agrostis lateriflora Michx. 1810 Agrostis frondosa Poir. 1833 M. lateriflora Trin. ex Kunth nom. inval., as syn. of Cinna lateriflora Kunth 1907 M. mexicana commutata Scribn. 1943 M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald Wirestem muhly Wire-stemmed muhly Muhlenbergie feuillée Native Secure 4 2384 5 MUFR2 NN 7780 Muhlenbergia/frondosa 165554-Muhlenbergia-frondosa 316756 25512191 nymap.svg Muhlenbergia frondosa HC-1950.png Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. auct M. racemosa BSP Spike muhly Spiked muhly Bog muhly Marsh muhly Muhlenbergie agglomérée Muhlenbergia agglomérée Native Secure 10 OBL FACW 2302 5 Demonstrably secure in New York MUGL3 NN Northern contig. US & Canada 7781 Muhlenbergia/glomerata 165557-Muhlenbergia-glomerata nymap.svg Muhlenbergia glomerata.jpg Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Agrostis mexicana M. ambigua M. foliosa M. mexicana filiformis Mexican muhly Wire-stemmed muhly Native Secure 4 2299 5 MUME2 NN 78137-Muhlenbergia-mexicana nymap.svg Muhlenbergia mexicana - Berlin Botanical Garden - IMG 8586.JPG Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F.Gmel. Nimblewill Nimblewill muhly Schreber muhly Native Secure 0 2298 5 MUSC NN muhlenbergia/schreberi 78144-Muhlenbergia-schreberi 41939 24683 nymap.svg Muhlenbergia schreberi NRCS-1.jpg Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Cliff muhly Native Secure 8 2294 5 MUSO NN 165574-Muhlenbergia-sobolifera 41941 nymap.svg Muhlenbergia sobolifera iNat-96577128.jpg Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray Woodland muhly Forest muhly Native Secure 6 2148 5 MUSY NN 165575-Muhlenbergia-sylvatica 41942 nymap.svg Muhlenbergia sylvatica NRCS-001.jpg Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Slender muhly Native Secure 8 FACU Graminoid S5, G5 2147 5 2021: Dry-mesic forested sites of a southern affinity and openings in forests often in rocky soils. MUTE NN 143893-Muhlenbergia-tenuiflora 41943 nymap.svg Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fernald Fall dropseed muhly Bog muhly Native Likely secure 6 2138 4 MUUN NN 165581-Muhlenbergia-uniflora nymap.svg Vilfa serotina - Species graminum - Volume 3 (cropped).jpg Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Hairawn muhly Native Likely extirpated 10 2371 Z MUCA2 NN 165543-Muhlenbergia-capillaris Muhlenbergia capillaris nymap.svg Muhlenbergia capillaris 6zz.jpg Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex Trin.) Parodi Alkali muhly Scratchgrass Introduced N. America native 2374 X MUAS NN 78132-Muhlenbergia-asperifolia nymap.svg Muhlenbergia asperifolia NRCS-1.jpg Muhlenbergia Muhly 358 X (excluded taxa) Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. M. torreyana (Schult.) Hitchc. New Jersey muhly N. America native Excluded FACW Perennial Graminoid X 225 EXCLUDED MUTO N0 165579-Muhlenbergia-torreyana nymap.svg Muhlenbergia torreyana.jpg Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. M. racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Marsh muhly N. America native Excluded FAC FACU Perennial Graminoid X 226 EXCLUDED MURA NN 165567-Muhlenbergia-racemosa nymap.svg Muhlenbergia racemosa NRCS-1.jpg Subfamily Aristidoideae Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro (1982) contains 364 species in 3 genera in one tribe: Aristideae.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Tribe Aristideae Tribe Aristideae C.E. Hubb. (1960) contains 364 species in 3 genera: Aristida,, Sartidia, and Stipagrostis.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Aristida Aristida dichotoma BB-1913.png Aristida dichotoma Three awn (Aristida) Poales Poaceae Aristidoideae Aristida Aristida Threeawn 98 8 n Aristida dichotoma Michx. dichotoma Churchmouse threeawn Shinners three-awned grass Native Secure 3 FACU Annual Graminioid 2310 5 ARDI4 NX Aristida/dichotoma 75560-Aristida-dichotoma aristida%20dichotoma Aristida dichotoma HC-1950.png Aristida purpurascens Poir. purpurascens Arrow-feather threeawn Native Plant Trust, Go Botany Arrow feather threeawn New York Flora Atlas Arrowfeather threeawn USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Native Unranked 5 2312 NU ARPUP4 NN aristida/purpurascens 158667-Aristida-purpurascens nymap.svg Aristida purpurascens.jpg Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. Seaside threeawn NYFA, USDA, NPT-Go Botany Native Unranked 7 Annual Graminoid 2313 3 ARTU N0 Aristida/tuberculosa 158673-Aristida-tuberculosa nymap.svg Aristida tuberculosa iN-31243513.jpg Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey Forked threeawn Forked three-awned grass Branching needle-grass Native Endangered S1S2A. basiramea (Fork-tipped Threeawn) G5-S1S2-U 0 2309 U ARBA2 NN Aristida/basiramea 158653-Aristida-basiramea Aristida%20basiramea Aristida basiramea BB-1913.png Aristida geniculata Raf. 1816 Aristida gracilis Elliott 1817 Aristida geniculata Raf. 1901 Aristida intermedia Scribn. & C.R.Ball 1933 Aristida longespica Poir. geniculata (Raf.) Fernald 1954 Aristida necopina Shinners Kearney’s threeawn Native Endangered S1A. geniculata (Kearney's Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U 5 2222 1 ARLOG6 NN 154300-Aristida-longespica-geniculata 316935 nymap.svg Aristida longespica geniculata BB-1913.png Aristida longespica Poir. Slimspike threeawn Slim-spiked threeawn Native Endangered S1A. longespica (Slender Threeawn) G5T5?-S1-U 8 2221 H ARLOL3 NN aristida/longespica 154299-Aristida-longespica nymap.svg Aristida longespica longespica BB-1913.png Aristida adscensionis L. Aristida fasciculata Torr. Sixweeks threeawn Six-weeks three-awn grass Introduced Waif 2311 X ARAD N0 Southwest US 75559-Aristida-adscensionis Aristida adscensionis HC-1950.png Aristida oligantha Michx. Prairie three-awn grass Introduced 2307 X aristida/oligantha 75562-Aristida-oligantha nymap.svg Aristida oligantha HC-1950.png Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833) contains 40 species in 16 genera in 2 tribes: Arundineae and Molinieae.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Tribe Molinieae Tribe Molinieae Jirásek (1966) contains 24 species in 13 genera: Crinipes, Dichaetaria, Dregeochloa, Elytrophorus, Hakonechloa, Leptagrostis, Molinia, Moliniopsis, Nematopoa, Phragmites, Piptophyllum, Styppeiochloa, and Zenkeria.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 Phragmites POL Jezioro Kiełpińskie.JPG Phragmites australis The vast majority of Phragmites (common reed) in New York today is of the introduced Eurasian lineage (haplotype M) Phragmites australis subsp. australis. The native lineage (haplotype E) P. australis subsp. americanus is only known to be present in the vicinity of Montezuma Swamp in Cayuga County, although it is likely to have been present, and may still be present elsewhere in the state. Although the native and non-native Phragmites strains normally share habitats (until the natives are replaced by the non-natives), hybrids of the two were not discovered in the field until 2014, when a hybrid clone was discovered at the Montezuma site.Kristin Saltonstall (2014). "Hybrid Phragmites australis in North America" Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative website. October 2014. Poales Poaceae Arundinoideae Molinieae Phragmites Phragmites Reed 231 2 PHRAG 1 Phragmites americanus (Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng) A.Haines 2004 Phragmites australis americanus Saltonst., P.M.Peterson, & Soreng Kristin Saltonstall, Paul M. Peterson, and Robert J. Soreng (2004) Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae:Arundinoideae) in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analysis. SIDA 21(2): 683-692. 2010 P. americanus (Saltonst., P.M.Peterson & Soreng) A.HainesArthur Haines (2010) New Combinations in the New England Traceophyte Flora: Phragmites americanus (Saltonstall, P.M. Peterson, & Soreng) A. Haines, comb. et stat. nov. Stantec Botanical Notes ISSN 1541-8626, Number 13. 8 September 2010 auct P. communis berlandieri non Á.Löve & D.Löve auct P. communis berlandieri non Fernald American reed American common reed American reedgrass Roseau d'Amérique Native Rare 7 FACW Perennial Graminoid S3, G5-T4 7110 3 Cayuga only 2004 PHAUA6 NN 9641 phragmites/americanus 451454 50276004 Phragmites%20australis Phragmites americanus NY-dist-map.png Cayuga (2004), Madison (2016), Monroe (2019), Oswego (2019), St.Lawrence (2008-19) Phragmites americanus iN-19839762.jpg Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 1753 Arundo phragmites L. 1799 Arundo australis Cav. 1820 P. communis Trin. 1841 P. australis Trin. ex Steud. 1881 P. phragmites (L.) Karst. Common reed Phragmites European reed European reedgrass Phragmites Roseau commun Introduced Very highly invasive Naturalized CP-2CP2 X FACW Perennial Graminoid SP, G5-T5 92%Phragmites australis Very high 92 first 2388 X PHAU7 XX 7828 phragmites/australis 451451 25511373 Phragmites%20australis Phragmites australis 06.jpg Phragmites australis Phragmites australis ×Phragmites americanusSaltonstall, K., Castillo, H. E., & Blossey, B. (2014). Confirmed field hybridization of native and introduced Phragmites australis (Poaceae) in North America. American journal of botany, 101(1), 211-215. P. australis ssp. americanus P. australis ssp. australis American reed Common reed Introduced Unranked Naturalized 7461 U PHAUA8 X phragmites/australis Phragmites%20australis 40514 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Phragmites Reed 231 2 (excluded species) Phragmites berlandieri E.Fourn. Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (1834-1884). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 24:178. 1877. 1877 P. berlandieri E.Fourn. 1932 P. communis berlandieri (E.Fourn) Fernald 1954 P. communis berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1987 P. australis berlandieri (E.Fourn) C.F.Reed 2007 P. australis berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Saltonst. & Hauber Subtropical common reed N. America native Excuded X 230 EXCLUDED PHAUB2 N0 25538808 Excluded nymap.svg excluded Phragmites australis flowerhead5 (8252858247).jpg Molinia Molinia caerulea 2zz.jpg Molinia caerulea Moorgrass (Molinia) Poales Poaceae Arundinoideae Molinia Molinia Moor grass 367 1 Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench 1753 Aira caerulea L. 1771 Melica caerulea L. 1794 Molinia caerulea Moench Purple moorgrass Purple moor grass Molinie bleue Introduced Eurasia northern Africa FACU Perennial Graminoid 2105 X MOCA2 XX molinia/caerulea 24515 Molinia%20caerulea Molinia caerulea Schauching 01.JPG Tribe Arundineae Tribe Arundineae Arundo Arundo donax 002.JPG Arundo donax Arundo donax (giant reed), native of Asia, is highly invasive in North America, but is so far very rare in New York State. Poales Poaceae Arundinoideae Arundineae Arundo Arundo Giant cane 0 Arundo donax L. Sp. Pl.: 81 (1753) 1753. Arundo donax L. in Sp. Pl.: 81 (1753) 1791. Aira bengalensis (Retz.) J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 174 1796. Arundo latifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 24, nom. superfl. 1812. Donax arundinaceus P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: t.16, f.4 1812. Donax versicolor (Mill.) P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: t.16, f.5 1823. Scolochloa arundinacea (P.Beauv.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, nom. superfl. 1825. Cynodon donax (L.) Raspail in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5:302 1828. Scolochloa donax (L.) Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 1:202 1854. Amphidonax bengalensis (Retz.) Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:197 1854. Amphidonax bifaria Nees ex Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:197, pro syn. 1898. Donax donax (L.) Asch. & Graebn. in Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl., not validly publ. Giant reed Giant cane Elephant grass Spanish-reed Introduced Asia Highly invasive Rare in NY FACU Heliophily: 9 0 Not listed Not listed in New York State 64017-Arundo-donax Nassau (2020) Nassau (2020) 2703041 Bronx, Nassau Bronx (1899), Nassau (2020) ARDO4 N0 Not in New York 390837-1 64095 Arundo_donax nymap.svg Carrizo (Arundo donax) en Guanajuato.jpg Subfamily Oryzoideae Tribe Oryzeae Subtribe Oryzinae Leersia Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides (6485813897).jpg Leersia oryzoides The genus Leersia contains the two common native cutrgrasses L. oryzoides (rice cut grass) and L. virginica (white cut grass). Poales Poaceae Oryzoideae Oryzeae Oryzinae Leersia Cut grass 690 2 Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice cutgrass Ricegrass Native Secure 2250 5 LEOR NN Leersia/oryzoides 40886 21732 Leersia oryzoides sl7.jpg Leersia virginica Willd. (1797) Virginia cutgrass Whitegrass Native Secure 2235 5 LEVI2 NN Leersia/virginica nymap.svg Leersia virginica NRCS-1.jpg Subtribe Zizaniinae Zizania Blahovisnyi, Cherkasy, Cherkas'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio (16).jpg Zizania aquatica Poales Poaceae Oryzoideae Oryzeae Zizaniinae Zizania Wildrice 36 2 Zizania aquatica aquatica L. 1753. Zizania aquatica L. 1803. Zizania clavulosa Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:75 1827. Hydropyrum esculentum Link in Hort. Berol. 1:252 1840. Limnochloa caduciflora Turcz. ex Trin. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. 1841. Stipa angulata Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2:642, pro syn. 1967. Zizania aquatica var. subbrevis B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. Annual wild rice Eastern wild rice Indian rice Southern wildrice Southern zizania Zizanie à fleurs blanches Riz sauvage du sud Zizanie à fleurs blanches variété à fleurs blanches Zizanie aquatique du sud Native Secure 6 OBL Annual Graminoid S5, G5 2134 27 counties 27 counties ZIAQA2 NN 2416 8025 Zizania/aquatica 403525 nymap.svg Zizania aquatica 100727 05 (2x3).jpg Zizania palustris palustris L. 1771 Zizania palustris L. 1906 Zizania aquatica angustifolia Hitchc. 1971 Zizania aquatica angustifolia (Hitchc.) Tzvelev Northern wildrice Northern wild rice Native Unranked 8 OBL Annual Graminoid SNR 2154 19 counties 19 counties ZIPAP NN 2417 403528 nymap.svg Zizania palustris var. interior - 19553835254 (2x3).jpg Zizania palustris interior L. (Fassett) Dore 1924. Zizania aquatica var. interior Fassett in Rhodora 26:158 1931. Zizania interior (Fassett) Rydb. in Brittonia 1:82 1969. Zizania palustris var. interior (Fassett) Dore in Wild-rice: 20 1990. Zizania aquatica ssp. interior (Fassett) S.L.Chen in Y.W.Yuan & al. Interior wild rice Native 10 OBL Annual Graminoid SH 7598 Jefferson (1921) Jefferson (1921) 81448-Zizania-palustris-interior no NY observations no NY observations 4138920 none in NY Homotypic synonym of Zizania aquatica var. interior Fassett ZIPAI NN 271178-2 6999 Zizania_palustris_var._interior nymap.svg Zizania palustris var. interior - 20150215356.jpg Luziola Tropical American watergrass was not known to be present in the United States until it was discovered to have invaded Lake Okeechobee, in southern Florida around 2008. As of 2014, it was not known to occur in USDA plant hardiness zones of 9 or lower (the highest zone in New York is 7).United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2014) "Weed Risk Assessment for Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) – Tropical American watergrass" Despite its unlikely hardiness in the Northeast, Luziola subintegra is being tracked by iMapInvasives in Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont. New York Species Record for Tropical American Water Grass, Luziola subintegra Last Updated On: 5/17/2019 Poales Poaceae Oryzoideae Oryzeae Zizaniinae Luziola Luziola Watergrass X Luziola subintegra Swallen 1943 Luziola subintegra Swallen Tropical American watergrass Large watergrass GBIF Introduced Mexico Potentially invasive 1301 Regulated 4125429 Invaisve 4125429 nymap.svg Not listed Florida only Tribe Ehrharteae Ehrharta Ehrharta erecta habit1 (7120660135).jpg Ehrharta erecta, NSW, Australia In North America, Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is primarily present in California and the west coast of Mexico. Poales Poaceae Oryzoideae Ehrharteae EhrhartaEhrharta Veldtgrass X Ehrharta erecta Lam. 1786 Ehrharta erecta Lam. 1855 Ehrharta abyssinica Hochst. Panic veldtgrass Introduced Eritrea to South Africa Réunion Arabian Peninsula Highly invasive 5567 2702863 invasive (category D2) 1b 2702863 399848-1 nymap.svg Not listed No observations Starr 010324-9001 Ehrharta erecta.jpg Subfamily Bambusoideae The bamboo subfamily, Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893). Synonyms: Olyroideae Pilg. (1956), Parianoideae Butzin (1965). Tribe Arundinarieae The Arundinarieae contains about 500 temperate woody bamboo species. Most are native to Asia, with only three native to the Western Hemisphere. However, all bamboo species that are known to have naturalized in New York are considered to be invasive or potentially invasive. Subtribe Arundinariinae {{../txt--> |Subtribe Arundinariinae Nees ex Lindl. (1836) contains Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Arundinaria, Bashania, Bergbambos, Chimonobambusa, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum, Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligonshania, Gelidocalamus, Himalayacalamus, Indocalamus, Indosasa, Kuruna, Oldeania, Oligostachyum, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sarocalamus, Sasa, Sasaella, Sasamorpha, Semiarundinaria, Shibataea, Sinobambusa, Thamnocalamus, Vietnamocalamus, Yushania.R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150 }} Arundinaria Arundinaria gigantea 3zz.jpg Arundinaria gigantea The three North American bamboo or cane species comprise the genus Arundinaria and are from the southeastern United States.Jimmy Triplett. Iowa State University. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Arundinaria (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Jimmy K. Triplett & Lynn G. Clark (2009). "Towards a Stable Nomenclature for the North American Temperate Bamboos: Epitypification of Arundo gigantea Walt. and Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. (Poaceae)" Castanea Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 207-212 Although listed in New York's Non-Native Plant Species Invasiveness Assessment as moderately invasive,Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY. Assessors: Gerry Moore; revised by Marilyn Jordan and SRC (2013). both of these species have been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas. Poales Poaceae Bambusoideae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Arundinaria Arundinaria Cane 774 0 Arundinaria tecta (Walter) Muhl. 1788 Arundo tecta Walter 1813 Arundinaria tecta Muhl. 1871 A. macrosperma tecta Alph.Wood 1893 A. gigantea tecta Scribn 1973 A. gigantea tecta McClure Switch cane Introduced southern US Moderately invasive Excluded 60% NYFA-Excluded ARTE4 N0 not listed 509190 317821 25508848 Arundinaria%20tecta Excluded nymap.svg excluded Arundinaria tecta HC-1950.png Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. 1788 Arundo gigantea Walter 1803 Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. 1813 Arundinaria gigantea Muhl. 1818 Miegia gigantea Nutt. 1973 A. gigantea macrosperma McClure Giant cane River cane Canebreak bamboo Introduced southern US Potentially invasive Excluded 60% NYFA-Excluded ARGI N0 Native to SE US not listed 40477 4385 25508581 Arundinaria%20gigantea Excluded nymap.svg excluded Arundinaria gigantea.jpg Phyllostachys Bamboo December 2014-1.jpg Phyllostachys aurea The two Asian bamboo (Phyllostachys) species P. aureosulcata and P. aurea are listed as highly invasive if they are found to naturalize in New York.Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY. Assessors: G. Moore, Steven Glenn, Marilyn Jordan & LIISMA SRC (2010) for "Phyllostachys aureosulcata & P. aurea Confirmed presence records in iMapInvasives for unknown Phyllostachys species include: Erie County - 3/9/2021 Delaware County - 3/21/2019 Saratoga County - 8/5/2016 Westchester County - 7/17/2015 Westchester County - 7/20/2015 Westchester County - 10/20/2020 In addition there have been well over 20 confirmed records from Long Island and Staten Island.New York State Invasive Species Tiers (2021). New York Natural Heritage Program Poales Poaceae Bambusoideae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Phyllostachys Phyllostachys Bamboo X Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure 1945 Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure 1980 P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis Yellow-groove bamboo Introduced China Potentially invasive 1322 55473 160934367/verbatim Invasive Untiered 71% 0 0 Not listed PHAU80 X0 Nassau County: Glenn, S.D. (ed.). 2013. New York Metropolitan Flora database 5290161 166762-Phyllostachys-aureosulcata 504356 28148 25525266 Phyllostachys aureosulcata nymap.svg not listed 5 counties PhyllostachysAureosulcata.jpg Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C.Rivière 1878 Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & al. Golden bamboo Fish-pole bamboo Introduced China, Taiwan Potentially invasive Not listed in NY Flora Atlas 1485 3063 71% 0 0 Not listed PHAU8 X0 Not naturalized north of Maryland in the East (Oregon in the West) 78563-Phyllostachys-aurea 28147 Phyllostachys aurea nymap.svg Not listed Ulster (2020) Phyllostachys aurea2.jpg Phyllostachys dulcis McClure 1945 Phyllostachys dulcis McClure Sweetshoot bamboo Invasive.org 白哺鸡竹 bai bu ji zhu Flora of China at efloras.org Introduced China Highly invasive Not listed in NY Flora Atlas 51178 160934369/verbatim Alien, Present 1a 0 0 Not listed 5290166 204383-Phyllostachys-dulcis nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Phyllostachys Hummel-Kew Cedrus deodara.jpg Phyllostachys nuda McClure 1945 Phyllostachys nuda McClure Nude sheath bamboo Introduced China, Taiwan Moderately invasive Not listed in NY Flora Atlas 64173 buffer 0 0 Not listed 4136196 447998-Phyllostachys-nuda 28182 nymap.svg Not listed 0 counties Phyllostachys nuda - Wangjianglou Park - Chengdu, China - DSC05941.jpg Pseudosasa Poales Poaceae Bambusoideae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Pseudosasa Pseudosasa Arrow bamboo 1 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. ex S.L.Chen et al. 1931 Arundinaria amabilis McClure 1957 Pseudosasa amabilis Keng f. nom. inval. 1996 Pseudosasa amabilis S.L.Chen et al. Arrow bamboo Tea-stick bamboo Tonkin cane Introduced China Potentially invasive 0 0 ARAM6 00 as Arundinaria amabilis McClure - Tonkin cane 784778 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. 402515 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. ex S.L.Chen et al. 50294767 Pseudosasa amabilis (McClure) Keng f. ex S.L.Chen et al. Pseudosasa amabilis nymap.svg Pseudosasa amabilis 110509 plot 2005.jpg Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino ex Nakai 1854 Arundinaria japonica Siebold & al. 1912 Sasa japonica Makino 1920 Pseudosasa japonica Makino nom. inval. 1925 Pseudosasa japonica Nakai Arrow bamboo Introduced Japan, Korea Potentially invasive 55%Pseudosasa japonica Potential 55 0 0 PSJA X0 NPS pseudosasa/japonica 42043 30186 25518779 Pseudosasa japonica nymap.svg Pseudosasa japonica1.jpg Sasa Sasa palmata.JPG Sasa palmata Broad-leaved bamboo (Sasa palmata) is on the iMapInvasives New York species list, which indicates that the species is being tracked in New York, Oregon, and New Jersey.iMapInvasives, New York Species Record for Sasa palmata. 29 Nov 2021. No plants of this genus are currently listed in the New York Flora Atlas.Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2021 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. 29 Nov 2021. Poales Poaceae Bambusoideae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Sasa Sasa Broad-leaved bamboo 0 Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus 1890 Bambusa palmata Burb. 1913 Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus Broad-leaved bamboo GBIF Introduced Potentially invasive 1369 2.131334/Sasa_palmata GNR 8362005 168441-Sasa-palmata nymap.svg Not Listed no observations Poaceae Sasa palmata 2.jpg Pleioblastus Pleioblastus pygmaeus0.jpg Pleioblastus pygmaeus Pygmy bamboo (Pleioblastus distichus) was collected at Central Park, Arsenal and Zoo, Red Panda enclosure, between 63rd and 64th Streets and between 5th and 6th Avenues in 2016.Ramirez J, Watson K, Thiers B, McMillin L (2021). The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). Version 1.41. The New York Botanical Garden. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/6e8nje accessed via GBIF.org on 2021-11-30. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1929704251 Poales Poaceae Bambusoideae Arundinarieae Arundinariinae Pleioblastus Pleioblastus Pygmy bamboo 0 Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai Pleioblastus distichus Pygmy bamboo Introduced Potentially invasive 1473 4132010 867061-Pleioblastus-distichus nymap.svg xx counties xx counties Pleioblastus distichus NYBG-2.jpg Pleioblastus sp. Pleioblastus Pygmy bamboo Introduced Potentially invasive Not naturalized 1473 7465 Xm 2705712 142562-Pleioblastus nymap.svg Orange (1995) no observations Pleioblastus gramineus1.jpg