Latin/Lesson 5-Vocative

3rd, 4th, and 5th Declension Nouns We will now complete the table of nouns with the 3rd, 4th, and 5th declensions. These declensions are more difficult to work with because their nominative and accusative plural forms are identical, as are their dative and ablative plural forms. To distinguish the cases, you must use a very simple key: context. Context will tell you the meaning. 3rd Declension Masculine or Feminine (each word has a set gender): rēx, m. 3rd declension nouns have two stems: The nominative and vocative singular stem and the stem used for all other cases. Both stems have to be memorized for each noun. Feminine and masculine forms are indistinguishable. 3rd Declension Singular Plural nominative rēx rēg-ēs accusative rēg-em rēg-ēs genitive rēg-is rēg-um dative rēg-ī rēg-ibus ablative rēg-e rēg-ibus 3rd Declension Neuter i-stem: mare 3rd Declension Neuter Singular Plural nominative* mare mar-ia genitive mar-is mar-ium dative mar-ī mar-ibus accusative mare mar-ia ablative mar-ī mar-ibus 4th Declension Masculine/Feminine (each word has a set gender) gradus, m. 4th Declension Singular Plural nominative grad-us grad-ūs accusative grad-um grad-ūs genitive grad-ūs grad-uum dative grad-uī grad-ibus ablative grad-ū grad-ibus 4th Declension Neuter: cornū 4th Declension Neuter Singular Plural nominative corn-ū corn-ua vocative corn-ū corn-ua accusative corn-ū corn-ua genitive corn-ūs corn-uum dative corn-ū corn-ibus ablative corn-ū corn-ibus 5th Declension Masculine/Feminine (each word has a set gender; most are feminine): rēs, f. 5th Declension Feminine/Masculine Singular Plural nominative r-ēs r-ēs vocative r-ēs r-ēs accusative r-ēm r-ēs genitive r-ēī r-ērum dative r-ēī r-ēbus ablative r-ē r-ēbus Exercises Exercise 1 Translate the following: Hodiē militēs ad villam meī amīcī mittō. Meō amicō, Marcō Tulliō nomine, mē in Senatū maledicere placet, quā rē istum interficere volō. Vocabulary: villa -ae f., farmhouse mittō mittere mīsī missus, to send nomen nominis n., name maledicō -dicere -dīxī -dictum, to insult placet placēre placuit placitus + dative, it pleases quā rē, on account of which iste ista istud, that damn (man/woman/thing) interficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectus, to kill volō velle voluī --, to want For extra credit, who in the late Republic might have said such a thing? Exercise 2 Translate the following: Eheu! Mūs meum pānem mandit. Nunc nihil habeō. Me miserum! Vocabulary: mando mandere mansi mansus, to chew on