Old Norse/Numerals

0% In this chapter, the following concepts are explained: cardinal numbers cardinal number declension ordinal numbers Labial mutation (aka. u-umlaut) is marked by an L before the ending. Front mutation (aka. i-umlaut) is marked by an F before the ending. Cardinal numbers 1 through 20 The cardinals 1 through 4 decline. 5 through 20 do not. + Cardinal numbers 1 through 20 1 einn 2 tveir 3 þrír 4 fjórir 5 fimm 6 sex 7 sjau 8 átta 9 níu 10 tíu 11 ellifu 12 tólf 13 þrettán 14 fjórtán 15 fimmtán 16 sextán 17 sjaut(j)án 18 átján 19 nítján 20 tuttugu The four declinable numerals einn, tveir, þrír and fjórir will decline whenever it appears in a number. Multiples of ten Multiples of ten from 30 to 110 are expressed by combining a cardinal number with the plural of the u-stem masculine noun tigr "ten," whose declension is given below. + Declension of u-stem tigr "ten" case singular plural nominative tigr tigir genitive tigar tiga dative tigi tigum accusative tig tigu Nouns counted with multiples of ten are in the genitive case, as in the sentence þrír tigir manna dóu "thirty men died," literally meaning "three tens of men died." For multiples of ten other than 30 and 40, while tigr declines, the preceding cardinal number does not. For 30 and 40, þrír and fjórir decline as well as tigr. For example, see how, in the following sentences, þrír "three" in the first sentence declines to the masculine accusative plural while fimm "five" in the second does not. Hann slógu þrjá tigu manna. He slew thirty men. Hann slógu fimm tigu manna. He slew fifty men. Other numbers 21 through 119 Other numbers are like English but with an ok ("and") connecting the multiple of ten and the single digit. Examples are þrír tigir ok tveir or tveir ok þrír tigir "thirty-two," ellifu tigir ok sjau or sjau ok ellifu tigir one hundred seventeen; eleven tens and seven." hundrað and þúsund The neuter noun hundrað "long hundred; 120" declines like the following. + Declension of hundrað "long hundred; 120" case singular plural nominative hundrað hundruð genitive hundraðs hundraða dative hundraði hundruðum accusative hundrað hundruð The feminine noun þúsund "long thousand; 1200" declines like the following. + Declension of þúsund "long thousand; 1200" case singular plural nominative þúsund þúsundir genitive þúsundar þúsunda dative þúsundi þúsundum accusative þúsund þúsundir Nouns counted with hundrað and þúsund are in the genitive form. Einn, tveir, þrír and fjórir Einn, tveir, þrír and fjórir appearing in numbers ending in 1, 2, 3 or 4 will decline. If the subject is modified by a number that ends in 1, the verb is in the singular form. Otherwise, the verb is in the plural form. See the following examples. Einn maðr ok þrír tigir dó. Thirty-one men died. Fimm tigir manna ok tveir dóu. Fifty-two men died. Cardinal number declension Of the numbers 1 through 20, only the numerals einn, tveir, þrír and fjórir decline. The plural form of einn was used to mean "some". The other numerals have plural forms only. + Declension of einn masculine feminine neuter case singular plural singular plural singular plural nominative einn einir ein einar eitt ein genitive eins einna einnar einna eins einna dative einum einum einni einum einu einum accusative einn eina eina einar eitt ein + Declension of tveir masculine feminine neuter case plural plural plural nominative tveir tvær tvau genitive tveggja tveggja tveggja dative tveim(r) tveim(r) tveim(r) accusative tvá tvær tvau + Declension of þrír masculine feminine neuter case plural plural plural nominative þrír þrjár þrjú genitive þriggja þriggja þriggja dative þrim(r) þrim(r) þrim(r) accusative þrjá þrjár þrjú + Declension of fjórir masculine feminine neuter case plural plural plural nominative fjórir fjórar fjǫgur genitive fjǫgurra fjǫgurra fjǫgurra dative fjórum fjórum fjórum accusative fjóra fjórar fjǫgur