Latin

Latin/Print Version Latin Category:Latin language See also the https://la.wikibooks.org/ Latin Wikibooks See also the less formal https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Latin Latin Wikiversity course This is an elementary Latin course accompanied with a detailed grammar based upon Kennedy's Public School Latin Grammar designed to introduce one to the world of classical languages. A basic understanding of grammar grammatical terminology would be helpful; however, it is not required. Basic definitions of terms will be explained in Lessons 1 and 2, and later elaborated as needed. For detailed explanations and examples of English grammatical terms, please consult the English Grammar textbook. However, Latin grammar is quite different from that of English, and thus it requires different grammatical terms to explain the concepts. These will be taught as needed. Preface thumb|right|The latin poet Horace recites his verses. This book will attempt to teach the reader about Latin from the ground up. Please read the Introduction to the origins and structure of Latin carefully, as it introduces the concept of a stem. As is typical in many other languages, the infinitive stem (present tense, active voice) is used for conjugating verbs. [The introduction of additional information in parentheses is done simply to avoid confusing a student who has already had exposure to Latin.] Advice Parts of this book may have been edited by people who do not speak English as their first language. All Wikibooks are written in the particular English dialect of the writer, which may not be standard usage. If you see something particularly unclear, please feel free to correct it, but please alter this article in a constructive manner. If something doesn't make sense to you, delete or preferably fix it if you are skilled enough; otherwise, try to emphasize that text marking it with some keyword, e.g., "grade 12 [grade] American [system] revert?" reporting that thing in the Talk page of the book. The "revert" keyword allows your editors to know that you are not a skilled editor but that you are just trying to learn, and you are confused. Your changes are not permanent. In any case, please, edit this book responsibly. As this is a textbook, readers will want denotational indication of macrons. If you do not know how to do this in HTML, please refer to Macron_(diacritic) Wikipedia's article on the topic. Nouns should be given in the nominative and genitive singular following the standard practice of Latin dictionaries. If it is necessary to indicate the case of the declension then the abbreviations "nom." and "gen." may be used. Different pages may use their own layout rules, but they should be left-justified and clear to the student. Check with other commercial textbooks and study guides to see if what you are doing is factually accurate and pedagogically sound. Wikibooks trusts you to make that judgment on your own, but this is a book - not an article. A person who is either bold or rash might make an error or mistake in layout or explanation that will take a long time to find and correct, so, please, be very careful in what you do. A Progressive Latin Grammar and Exercises Introduction to the origins and structure of Latin /How to study a language on the Internet and in your head/ /Special consideration: How to use a Wikibook when progress may mean inaccuracy/ Grammatical Introduction to Latin The origin and structure of Latin Basic Grammar Grammatical introduction. thumb|90px|right|Bust of Cato the Elder Chapter 1: Basic Sentences The Nominative Case Create basic Latin sentences, with adjectives and the verb "to be" Adjectives A short introduction to adjectives Present indicative active construct An introduction to verbs, and the present tense of regular verbs. Adverbs & Prepositions More on adjectives, and an overview of adverbs and prepositions. The Accusative Case Learn to create sentences with transitive verbs. Pronouns Summary of Pronouns Chapter 1 Verse Chapter 2: Complex Sentences The Imperfect Tense The imperfect tense, working in the past. The Genitive and Dative Cases Indicate indirect objects and possession. The Future Tense Verbs in the Future The Ablative and Vocative Case Indicate an ablative construct / directly address someone The 3rd, 4th and 5th declensions All remaining categories of nouns Irregular Verbs & Revision Review of all five declensions and the conjugation of present imperfect indicative active verbs. Translation Exercise Translate a passage. Imperfect and Future indicative active constructs Chapter 2 Verse thumb|80px|right|Bust of Gaius Julius Caesar Chapter 3: Advanced Sentences Imperatives Ordering or Telling People What to Do. Active vs. Passive Verbs Indicative Passive Verbs Present, imperfect, and future passives. Principal Parts Principal verb parts and verb conjugation. The Perfect Indicative Tense The uses and formation of the perfect indicative tense. The Perfect Indicative Passive Verbs Use the perfect with the passives. Future and Past Perfect Indicative Tenses Ablative Absolute and Accusative Infinitive Constructions Chapter 3 Verse Chapter 4: The Subjunctive Mood and Complex Sentences The Subjunctive Mood Subjunctive vs. Indicative moods, conjugate the Subjunctive present. The Uses of the Subjunctive The Subjunctive Imperfect Conjugation and uses of the imperfect subjunctive. The Subjunctive Passive Verbs Conjugate the present and imperfect subjunctives. The Subjunctive Perfects The perfect endings for the Subjunctive. The Subjunctive Perfect Passive Verbs Perfect auxiliary verbs for the subjunctive passives. The Gerund and Participles Verbal Nouns. Conditional Clauses Conditional sentences in the indicative and subjunctive mood Revision Review of all five declensions and the conjugation of the active subjunctive verbs. Idioms An overview of idiomatic phrases used in Latin. Translation Translate a passage from the Vulgate Bible. Chapter 4 Verse Verse from the Gospels thumb|94px|right|Bust of poet Catullus Chapter 5: Review Revision Review of all five noun and adjective declensions. Revision Revise work on all verb conjugations and learned forms. Translation Translate a passage from Catullus. Exercises Review of subjunctive forms. Exercises Review of passive forms. Translation Revision Ideas and memory tools for language patterns in conjugation and declining. Chapter 5 Verse Poem about Latin Spoken Latin thumb|An episode from a Latin podcast thumb|A recitation of the German speaker This is a test chapter to teach those who wish to learn Latin which they can use in their daily lives. Spoken Latin Wikibook Appendices thumb|280px|right|Horace, Virgil and Varius at the house of Maecenas Verb Synopsis List of Declensions Phonology of Latin (pronunciation) Accents and Scansion Morphology of Latin Ecclesiastical & Medieval Latin Latin Grammatical Definitions Latin Dictionary Latin Mottos and Phrases (used nowadays) Latin Abbreviations (used nowadays) /Common phrases/ Latin Resources Library of Graded Latin Texts for Translation Spoken Latin /Words and their Flexion/ /Prefixes and Suffixes/ /Stylistic Features of Latin Verse and Prose/ About the Book Authors Please leave ideas for additional chapters on the talk page. See also Cultural insights in other wiki books / wiki articles. Summary of Roman History (Empire) Roman Culture Culture of ancient Rome External links Latin for Beginners An excellent textbook for beginners available for free, by B. L. D'Ooge, with the Answer Key here on Wikibooks. Whitaker's Words Whitaker's Words is a Latin dictionary DOS program and is available for free. William A. Whitaker (1936–2010) was a colonel in the United States Air Force. A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges A valuable Latin grammar reference available for free, by Albert Harkness. Latin language L 100% de:Latein es:Latín eo:Klasika Latina fr:Latin hr:Latinski jezik it:Latino he:לטינית ka:ლათინური ენა kk:Латын тілі nl:Latijn ja:ラテン語 no:Latin pl:Łacina/Okładka ru:Латинский язык fi:Latinan kieli uk:Латинська мова zh:拉丁语