HSK Guide/HSK 2 Grammar

Parts of Speech These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category. Adverbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesContinuation with "hai"Subj. + 还 + Verb Phrase / Adj.你 还在 看 书 ？ You are still reading?Emphasis with "jiushi"就是 + Verb我 父母 就是 不 让 我 一个人 去 。 My parents wouldn't let me go alone.Emphasizing quantity with "dou"大家 / 很多人 + 都⋯⋯很 多 地方 都 有 wifi。 There are internet in lots of places.Expressing "about to" with "jiuyao"还有 + Time Period + 就要 + Verb Phrase + 了还有 五 天 就要 放假 了 。 Holidays are going to start in 5 more days.Expressing "again" in the future with "zai"再 + Verb我 下 次 再 来。 I'll come next time.Expressing "already" with "dou"都 + Time + 了都 九点 了 ，快点 起床 ！ It's already 9 o'clock, quickly wake up!Expressing "already" with "yijing"已经⋯⋯了他 已经 走 了 。 He left.Expressing "and also" with "hai"还 + Verb她 有 一个 弟弟，还 有 一个 妹妹。 She has a younger brother and a younger sister.Expressing earliness with "jiu"Subj. + Time + 就 + Verb + 了我 昨晚 八 点 半 就 睡觉 了 。 I slept at half past 8 yesterday.Expressing "then" with "jiu"就 + Verb Phrase我们 现在 有 时间，就 去吧。 We have the time now, so let's go.Negative commands with "bie"别 + Verb别走。 Don't leave. Adverbs with Adjectives Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAsking about degree with "duo"Subj. + 多 + Adj. ?他 多 高？ How tall is he?Expressing "a little too" with "you dian"有点(儿) + Adj.我 有点 饿 。 I'm a little hungry.Expressing distance with "li"Place 1 + 离 + Place 2 + Adv. + 近 / 远我 家 离 大学 很 近。 My home is quite close to a university.Expressing "even more" with "geng"更 + Adj.我 想 找 一个 更 有钱 的 男朋友。 I want to find a richer boyfriend.Expressing "really" with "zhen"真 + Adj.你 女朋友 真 漂亮 。 Your girlfriend is very pretty.Moderating positive adjectives with "hai"还 + Adj.还 可以。还 好。 Still allowed. Still good.Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"Phrase + 的 + Noun去 北京 的 火车。今天 来 的 人。 The train to Beijing. The person who came today.Superlative "zui"最 + Adj. (+ 了)谁 最 有钱 ？ Who is the richest? Conjunctions Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesThe filler word "neige"⋯⋯那个⋯⋯那个⋯⋯你 可以 做 我 的 女 朋友 吗？ Um... Can you be my girlfriend? Measure Words Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesReduplication of measure wordsMW + MW个 个 都 很 好。 Everyone of them is good. Nouns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "when" with "de shihou"⋯⋯的时候你 不在 的 时候，我 会 想 你。 I will miss you when you are not here. Numbers Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesIndicating a number in excessNumber + 多三 十 多 岁 around 30 years old Numbers and Measure Words Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesUsing "ji" to mean "several"几 + Measure Word + Noun桌子 上 有 几 本 书。 There are a few books on the table. Particles Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAspect particle "zhe"Verb + 着我 读 ，你 听 着 。 I'm reading, you listen.Conceding with "ba"⋯⋯吧那 好 吧。 Fine then.Expressing "already" with just "le"Subj. + Verb Phrase + 了你 应该 问 老师 。我 问 了 。 You should ask the teacher. I already asked.Expressing experiences with "guo"Verb + 过我 去 过 中国 。 I went to China before.Modal particle "ne"⋯⋯呢 ?我 不 要 回家 。还 早 呢 ！ I don't want to return home, it's still early!Using "guo" with "le"Verb + 过 + 了她 吃 过 了 。 She ate that before. Prepositions Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesBasic comparisons with "bi"Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj.你 比 我 胖 。 You are fatter than me.Expressing "for" with "gei"Subj. + 给 + Recipient + Verb Phrase妈妈 在 给 孩子 们 做饭 。 The mother is cooking for her children.Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…"从⋯⋯到⋯⋯从1 号 到 5 号 我 在 上海。 I'll be at Shanghai from the 1st to the 5th day.Expressing "toward" with "wang"往 + Direction Word往 右 转。 Turn towards the right.Using "dui" with verbsSubj. + 对 + Person + Verb宝宝 对 我 笑 了。 The baby laughed at me. Verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesUsing the verb "xing"姓 + Surname你 姓 什么 ？ What's your surname? Auxiliary verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAuxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings要 + Noun / 要 + Verb我 要 一 杯 水。 I want a glass of water.Expressing "be going to" with "yao"Subj. + 要 + Verb (+ 了)我 要 去 吃饭，你 去 吗？ I'm going to eat rice, are you coming along?Expressing permission with "keyi"可以 + Verb这里 可以 吸烟 吗? Can I smoke here?Wanting to do something with "yao"要 + Verb我 要 吃饭 。 I want to eat rice. Verb phrases Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesActions in a row(Verb Phrase 1) + (Verb Phrase 2)我们 去 咖啡店 喝 咖啡 吧。 Let's go to a café to drink coffee.Expressing "together" with "yiqi"一起 + Verb我们 一起 去 吧！要 不 要 一起 吃饭？ Let's go together! Wanna eat together?Measure words for verbsVerb + Number + Measure Word做 三 次。读 两 遍 。 Do it 3 times. Read it 2 times.Negative commands with "buyao"不要 + Verb不要 说 英文！ Don't speak English!Reduplication of verbsVerb + Verb你 看看。 Look at this.Special cases of "zai" following verbsVerb + 在 + Place我 住 在 北京。放 在 这里。 I live in Beijing. Put it here.Using "dao" to mean "to go to"到 + Place我 到 上海。 I'm going to Shanghai.Using "hao" to mean "easy"好 + Verb好 做。好 买。 Easy to do. Easy to buy.Verbing briefly with "yixia"Verb + 一下你 看 一下 。 You look at this for a moment.Verbs followed by "gei"Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.他 送给 我 一 束 花 。 He sent me a bouquet of flowers.Verbs preceded by "gei"Subj. + 给 + Target + Verb + Obj.现在 不要 给 他 打 电话 。 Don't call him now.Verbs that take double objectsSubj. + Verb + Indirect Obj. + Direct Obj.我 问 了 老师 一 个 问题。 I asked the teacher a question. Grammatical Structures These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech. Complements Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesDegree complementVerb + 得⋯⋯你 做 得 不错 。 You did great.Potential complement "-bu dong" for not understandingVerb + 不懂我 听不懂 。 I don't understand.Result complementsVerb + 好 / 完 / 错我们 吃 好 了 。 We're finished eating.Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"Verb + 到 / 见听 到 了 吗 ？ Heard that?Result complement "-wan" for finishingVerb + 完 (+ 了)我 说 完 了。 I finished talking. Numbers and Measure Words Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "every" with "mei"每 + Measure Word (+ Noun)每 个 人。每 天。 Everybody. Everyday.Measure words for countingNumber + Measure Word + Noun一 个 人。一 杯 水。 1 person. 1 cup of water.Measure words with "this" and "that"这 / 那 + Measure Word (+ Noun)那 个 人。这 杯 水。 That person. This cup of water.Ordinal numbers with "di"第 + Number (+ Measure Word)你 是 我 的 第 一 个 朋友。 You are my first friend. Question Forms Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesAffirmative-negative questionVerb + 不 + Verb / Adj. + 不 + Adj.去 不 去？好 不 好 ? Should I go? Is that good?Asking why with "zenme"怎么⋯⋯？你 怎么 没 来？ You haven't came yet?Simple rhetorical questions不 是…… 吗 ？不 是 说好 了 吗 ？怎么 会 这样 ？ Didn't we discuss about this? How did it happen?Tag questions with "bu"⋯⋯是不是 / 对不对 / 好不好 ?你们 明天 来，好 不 好 ? You guys come tomorrow, OK?Tag questions with "ma"⋯⋯是吗 / 对吗 / 好吗 ?这样 做， 对 吗 ? Is it right to do like this? Sentence Patterns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesCause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"因为⋯⋯ 所以⋯⋯因为 饿 了，所以 吃饭。 Because I'm hungry, so I ate rice.Expressing "about to happen" with "le"快 + Verb / Adj. + 了快 下雨 了 。 It's going to rain.Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou"什么 + 都 / 也⋯⋯爸爸 什么 都 知道。 Dad knows everything.Expressing "stop doing" with "bie… le"别 + Verb + 了别 哭 了，烦 死了 。 Don't cry, it's annoying.The "shi... de" construction for indicating purpose是⋯⋯ 的我 是 来 上海 旅游 的 。 I came to Shanghai to travel.The "shi... de" patterns: an overview是⋯⋯ 的你 是 哪个 学校 的 ？ Which school are you from? Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou"每次 + Event 1 + 都 + Event 2为什么 每 次 我 来 他 都 不 在。 Why he isn't here every time I come? Comparison Patterns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "much more" in comparisonsNoun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 多了拼音 比 汉字 容易 多了 。 Pinyin is easier than Chinese characters. Complex Sentence Patterns Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesExpressing "although" with "suiran" and "danshi"虽然⋯⋯ ，但是 / 可是⋯⋯虽然 渴 了，但是 不 想 喝 啤酒。 Although I'm thirsty, but I don't want to drink beer. Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here. Auxiliary verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesComparing "yao" and "xiang"要 vs 想我 要 一 杯 水 。 我 想 你 。 I want a cup of water. I miss you. Auxiliary Verbs Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesComparing "hui," "neng," "keyi"会 vs. 能 vs. 可以我 会 跳舞 。这里 不 能 跳舞 。我 可以 请 你 跳舞 吗 ？ I can dance. You can't dance here. Shall we dance together? Numbers Grammar Point (English)PatternExamplesComparing "er" and "liang"二 vs 两两 个 人。二 十 二。 2 people. 22.