Object Oriented Programming/Getters and Setters

Getters and Setters (also known as accessor and mutator methods respectively) are two types of methods used to control the access and modification of class attributes (also called properties or member variables). Getter A getter method is used to retrieve the value of a private or protected class attribute. It provides read-only access to the attribute, allowing other parts of the program to retrieve its value without directly accessing the attribute. By using a getter, you can control how the attribute is accessed and apply any necessary logic or validation before returning the value. In most programming languages, the naming convention for a getter method is to prefix it with "get," followed by the attribute name. For example, if you have a private attribute age, the corresponding getter method would typically be named getAge().class Person:     def __init__(self, name, age):         self._name = name         self._age = age     def getAge(self):         return self._age # Usage person = Person("John Doe", 25) print(person.getAge())  # Output: 25 Setter A setter method is used to modify the value of a private or protected class attribute. It provides a way to update the attribute while enforcing any necessary constraints or validation rules before making the change. By using a setter, you can control how the attribute is modified and prevent any inappropriate changes. In most programming languages, the naming convention for a setter method is to prefix it with the word "set," followed by the attribute name. For example, if you have a private attribute age, the corresponding setter method would typically be named setAge().class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self._name = name self._age = age def setAge(self, new_age): if new_age >= 0: self._age = new_age # Usage person = Person("John", 25) person.setAge(30) print(person.getAge()) # Output: 30 person.setAge(-5) # The age will not be updated because of the validation in the setter method print(person.getAge()) # Output: 30 (age remains unchanged) See also Wikipedia:Mutator method Python Programming/Classes