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411 समाचार
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411 REFERENCE · Wikibooks

Japanese white book/Class 1

Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.

common objects (1~30 living stuffs) 1~5 kanji kana meaning 本 ほん Book 鉛筆 えんぴつ Pencil 鞄 かばん Bag 手帳 てちょう Note book 眼鏡 めがね Glasses 6~10 kanji kana meaning 彼女 かのじょ  She 母 はは Mom(close one) 大好き だいすき Like very much 僕  ぼく I (male use) 何処 どこ where 11~15 kanji kana meaning 外 そと  Outside 眠いねむい Sleep 月 つき Moon 猫 ねこ Cat 犬いぬ Dog 16~20 kanji kana meaning 先生 せんせい  Teacher 兄 あに Older brother 姉 あね Older sister 妹 いもうと Younger sister 長子 ちょうし Elder child 21~25 kanji kana meaning ノート - Note ナイフ -  Knife 飼い主 かいぬし Pet owner 脱ぎます ぬぎます To take off (e.g. clothes, shoes) ヌードル -  Noodle 26~30 kanji kana meaning 教師 きょうし  Teacher 学生がくせい Student 警察 けいさつ Police 画家 がか Painter 弁護士 べんごし Lawyer Ⅱ. Adjectives & Descriptors 1~5 kanji kana meaning 遅い おそい Late 呑気な のんきな Carefree 冷たい つめたい cold(when touch) 早い / 速いはやい Early / Fast 6~10 kanji kana meaning 美しい うつくしい Beautiful 大きい おおきい Big / Large 小さい ちいさい Small 長いながい Long 短いみじかい Short Changes in verb forms 五段動詞 (ごだんどうし) Basic change use in verb those word are include in the う(u)line.example include 行く、使う、泳(およぐ)。。。,the end of word are all included by the う(u) line such as く(ku)、う(u)、泳(ぐ)  Japan change contain have six kind of variations, 1.未然形 2.連用形 3.終止形4.連体形5.仮定形6.命令形 list in below chart. 未然形 change the verb end into the あ(a)line,add the ない on the end. Ex 行く-->行かない (I not going) 連用形 change the verb end into the い(i)line,add the ます on the end. Ex 行く-->行きます(ask peoples polite to go) 終止形 change the verb end into the う(u)line. Ex 行く (stay the same for dictionary type) 連体形 change the verb end into the う(u)line,use it connection with noun. Ex 行く-->行く人(that people) 仮定形 change the verb end into the え(e)line,add the ば on the end. Ex 行く-->行けば(If I do something) 命令形 change the verb end into the え(e)line. Ex 行く-->行け(go!!, commend other to go) Changes in noun forms Below chart list out most variety in noun. ChangeMeaningExample Noun + だ it's ... 学生だ Noun +ではない it's not ...学生ではない Noun +ではなかった it was not ...学生ではなかった Noun +だった it used to be ...学生だった Noun +です it's ... (polite)学生です Noun +ではありません it's not ... (polite)学生ではありませんNoun +ではありませんでしたit was not ... (polite)学生ではありませんでしたNoun +でしたit was ... (polite)学生でしたNoun +でしょうIt's ... right? (polite)学生でしょうNoun +で+nounit's ... and ... (connects 2 nouns)学生で妹Noun +になるto become ...学生になるNoun +の... of something学生のNoun +ならばif it's ... than学生ならばNoun +だろうIt is probably "noun"学生だろう(He is probably a student)Noun +であるit's ... (Formal/Literary)学生である Auxiliary Verbs Auxiliary Verbs use on fixing the verb, to help clarify the sentence statue, example たい(wish) can put after verb to transform meaning 買いたい (I wish to buy) = 買う(buy) + たい(wish) Irregular verbs (する and 来る) have different changes. したい (wish to do it) = する(do) + たい(wish) 来たい (wish to come) [きたい] = 来る(come) + たい(wish) Time 分(ふん) 時(じ) 秒(びょう) 午前(ごぜん) 昼(ひる) 夕(ゆう) 夜中の十二月 午前零時