Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Chemical Laboratory Techniques

Prepare, isolate and purify compounds. One inorganic compound One organic compound One substance extracted from a natural or synthetic material Procedures. Safe dispensing of chemicals. Avoidance of contamination of reagents. Mixing chemicals safely. Heating and boiling under reflux. Control and monitoring of reactions. Safe disposal of substances. Isolation and purification. Solvent extraction Evaporation Filtration (gravity and reduced pressure) Distillation (simple and fractional) Paper and thin layer chromatography Analyse compounds. Qualitative analysis of inorganic substances: tests for anions and cations. Qualitative analysis of organic substances: tests for functional groups; identification of aldehydes and ketones from melting points of derivatives. Quantitative analysis — volumetric: preparation of standard solutions; titrations. Qualitative analysis: use of pH meter; use of colorimeter. Calculate percentage yield and percentage purity. Yield: theoretical yield; actual yield; percentage yield Percentage purity: calculate % purity w/w Experiments Measuring the iron content of iron tablets. Extracting plasticisers from PVC. Extracting caffeine from tea. Synthesis of ethanal by oxidation. Synthesis of benzoic acid by oxidation. Synthesis of aspirin by esterification. Synthesis of ethyl ethanoate by esterification. Preparation of Kastle-Meyer test reagent. Extraction and presumptive testing of cocaine. Synthesis and analysis of iron (II) ethanedioate. Resources Edexcel recommend the following resources. Textbooks Clark J — Calculations in AS/A Level Chemistry (Longman, 2000) 0582411270 Faust C B — Modern Chemical Techniques (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1905) 1870343190 Hill G and Holman J — Chemistry in Context (Nelson Thornes, 2004) 0174481918 Hill G and Holman J — Chemistry in Context: Laboratory Manual and Student Guide (Nelson Thornes, 2001) 0174483074 Hunt A — Advanced Level Practical Work for Chemistry (Hodder Murray, 2004) 0340886722 Levinson R — More Modern Chemical Techniques (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001) 0854049290 MacDonald K — Getting the Message Across: Key Skills for Scientists, 3rd Edition (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001) ISSN 14717166 page 12 Ramsden E N — Calculations for A-Level Chemistry (Nelson Thornes, 2001) 0748758399 Websites Royal Society of Chemistry — aspirin activities. How to read Material Safety Data Sheets — University of Bristol — site also contains links to major manufacturers’ information. Chemical Industries Association. Creative Chemistry website (A-level practical work). Physical Sciences Educational Reviews. Royal Society of Chemistry. Practical techniques. Chemical Industry Education Centre.