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Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Nf6/3. c4/3...e6
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Icelandic gambit B01 Modern Scandinavian → 3. c4
3...e6 · Icelandic gambit
With 3...e6 Black offers White a pawn.
If White accepts, 4. dxe6, Black can recapture 4...Bxe6. In exchange for being down a pawn, Black has two minor pieces developed and, by removing the pawn that was guarding c6, will have an easier time developing their knight. Black's game is then to make use of their development lead and the open lines in the middle of the board to press their attack.
Declining the gambit is less common but playable. After 4. d4 exd5 White has given back the pawn they won on move two and the game is even.
History
An early appearance of the gambit was in the 1970 British Championship.Sherman v Evans, 1970 - Chessgames.com
Its two names, the Icelandic-Palme gambit, have been attributed to "Icelandic masters" and Rudolf Palme (1910―2005).The Icelandic Gambit: An Opening Guide for White & Black https://www.chessable.com/blog/icelandic-gambit/#35742a57-0c65-47da-a6f7-0cac0f6678db Astle Matthew 2022-06-08 Chessable blog While a record of a game where Palme played it is not readily available, it was played by Icelandic GM Throstur Thorhallsson in several tournaments in the 1980s, including the 1986 Rekjavik Open.Karlsson v Thorhallsson, 1986 - 365Chess.com
Theory table
0 4. dxe6 Bxe6 5. d4 Bb4+ 6. Bd2 Qe7 7. Bxb4?! Qxb4+ 8. Qd2 Nc6 9. d5 O-O-O Icelandic gambit accepted - 4. ... ... 5. ... ... 6. Nc3?! Ne4 7. Qd3?! Bf5! --
References
See also
Youtube: Zarnicki v. Fiorito, 2000 annotated by Agadmator