Esperanto/Appendix/Esperanto-English word list

In the Part of speech column there is an abbreviation indicating how the word is to be used. The following is a key, listing the abbreviations and explaining what they stand for: AbbreviationMeaningPurposeadjadjectivedescribes an object (e.g. The key was green, The idea is disturbing.)advadverbdescribes how a verb is done (e.g. I ran quickly, She easily passed the test.)conjconjunctionconnects two words, clauses or phrase together (e.g. life or death, I would vote for my gerbil but I'm sane.)expexpressionintinterjectionused to convey emotion, not related to any other part of speech (e.g. Ow!, Hooray!)nnounan object (e.g. dog, chair.)numnumber(e.g. four, one.)prepprepositionthe location of the object, relative to something else (e.g. Smoke over water, the ball is on the table.)pronpronoun(e.g. I, You, She, He, They, We, It, One.)vverban action, one which can be used both transitively and intransitively (e.g. We celebrated the party.)viintransitive verbverbs which can only be done without objects (e.g. Trees rustled, he died.)vttransitive verbverbs which can be applied to an object (e.g. I killed him, I am a hamster.) Word list A absolut e absolutely adv acer o maple n aĉet i to buy vt 1 adapt i to adapt v adiaŭ adieu, farewell, bye, goodbye, good-bye 1 aer o air n 1 adjektiv o adjective n admir i to admire vt admirind a admirable adj adres o address n adverb o adverb n aeroplan o airplane, aeroplane n afabl a kind, friendly adj 1 afer o matter, affair, thing n 1 Afrik o Africa n 1 agrabl a pleasant, nice adj 1 ag i to act, to take action vi ag o act, action n aĝ o age n 1 aha aha, ah-ha int aĥ ah, oh, ow int aj ow, ouch int ajn -ever kiu ajn whoever iam ajn whenever 1 akcent o accent, stress n akcept i to accept vt 1 akcident o accident n akord i to agree vi akv o water n 1 al to, towards prep 1 aliĝ i to join vi 1 alven i to arrive vi 1 ali a other adj 1 almenaŭ at least adv 1 alt a high, tall adj 1 am i to love, to like vt 1 ambaŭ both 1 amik o friend n 1 Angloland o England n uncommon Angli o England n This is a more modern way of saying England. angl a English adj Mi parolas (la) anglan (lingvon). I speak English. I speak (the) English (language). angl e in English, in the English way adv Mi parolas angle. I speak English. I speak in the English way. Angl o Englishperson, Englishman n 1 Angluj o England n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying England. ankaŭ also, too adv 1 ankoraŭ still, yet adv 1 anstataŭ instead of conj-prep 1 antaŭ before prep 1 apart a separate adj 1 apenaŭ barely, scarcely adv 1 aper i to appear vi 1 april o April n 1 apud beside, near prep 1 arb o tree n 1 art o art n 1 asist i to assist vt atend i to wait vi 1 atent a attentive, careful adj 1 aŭ or conj 1 aŭ ... aŭ either ... or conj 1 aŭd i to hear vt 1 aŭgust o August n 1 aŭskult i to listen vi 1 aŭt o automobile, car n 1 aŭtobus o bus n 1 aŭtun o autumn, fall n 1 av o grandfather n 1 avert o warning n Azi o Asia n B ba bah, pooh, nuts int baldaŭ soon adv 1 banĉambr o bathroom n banej o bathroom n ban i to bathe vi bat i to hit, to beat vt 1 batal i to fight vi 1 bedaŭr i to be sorry, to regret v bed o bed n bel a lovely, beautiful adj 1 best o animal, beast n 1 bezon i to need, to require vt 1 bibliotek o library n bicikl o bicycle n bier o beer n bild o picture, image n 1 bird o bird n 1 bis encore, one more time adv blank a white adj 1 blu a blue adj 1 bon a good adj (Mi esperas, ke vi havas) bonan matenon. (I hope you are having a) good morning. Bonan nokton. Good night. Bonan posttagmezon. Good afternoon. Bonan ŝancon. Good luck. Bonan tagon. Good day. Bonan vesperon. Good evening. 1 bonvenig i to welcome, to greet vt bonvenon welcome int brak o arm n 1 Brazil o Brazil, Brasil n bril i to shine, to be bright vi 1 Briti o Britain, Great Britain n This is a more modern way of saying Britain. Brituj o Britain, Great Britain n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying Britain. bru i to make a noise vi 1 brul i to burn, to be on fire vi 1 brun a brown adj bus o bus n buŝ o mouth n 1 bv. please exp Comes from bonvolu. C ced i to cede, to give in, to give up, to give way, to relinquish, to yield v cel i to aim at vt 1 cent (one) hundred, 100 num 1 centmil (one) hundred thousand, 100000 num centr o centre, center n cert a sure, certain adj 1 cert e surely, certainly adv ceter a remaining adj ceter e besides, for the rest, moreover, what's more adv cirkl o circle n Ĉ ĉambr o room n 1 ĉapel o hat n 1 ĉagren i to annoy, to grieve, to trouble, to vex, to worry v ĉagreni sin to worry oneself ĉar because, since conj 1 ĉe at, by prep 1 ĉef- arch-, chief- prefix 1 ĉi indicates proximity prep tio/tio ĉi that/this tie/ĉi tie there/here 1 ĉi a all, every kind of adj ĉial for every reason ĉiam always, ever ĉi e everywhere adv ĉiel in every way ĉiel o heaven, sky n 1 ĉies everyone's ĉi o all, everything n ĉin a Chinese adj Mi ŝatas ĉinan manĝaĵon. I like Chinese food. Ĉini o China, 中国, 中國 n This is a more modern way of saying China. Ĉinuj o China, 中国, 中國 n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying China. ĉiom all, all of it ĉirkaŭ around, approximately adv 1 ĉiu each, every ĉiuj all ĉokolad o chocolate n ĉu whether Ĉu tio estas akvo? Is that water? 1 ĉu ne isn't that so? or not? Tio estas akvo, ĉu ne? That's water, right? exp D d-r o Dr., Doctor n 1 da of (follows quantity or measure) prep Mi havas du litrojn da akvo. I have two litres of water. 1 damn e damn adv danc i to dance vi dank i to thank vt 1 daŭr i to last, to continue, to go on vi 1 de of, from prep 1 decid i to decide vt denov e again, once more, all over again, anew adv decembr o December n dek ten num 1 dekstr a right, right-hand adj 1 To make "left", use the mal- prefix: maldekstra. demand i to ask (a question) vt 1 demand o question n dent o tooth n 1 depend i to depend vt 1 dev i to have to, must vt 1 deven i to come, to derive, to originate, to result vi dezir i to wish, to desire vt 1 dik a thick, fat adj 1 dimanĉ o Sunday n dir i to say vt 1 direkt o direction n 1 divers a varied adj 1 do therefore, so, then conj 1 doktor o doctor n dolĉ a sweet adj 1 dolor o pain n 1 domaĝ e that's too bad, what a pity adv dom o house, building n 1 don i to give vt 1 dorm i to sleep vi 1 dors o back n du two num 1 dub i to doubt vt 1 dum for, during, whereas, while, whilst conj-prep 1 dur a hard adj Hard as in "not soft", not hard as in "difficult". E eben a even, flat, level, smooth adj ebl e maybe, perhaps, possibly adv ebl i to be possible vi ebri a drunk, intoxicated adj eĉ even adv 1 edz o husband n 1 efik a effective, effectual, efficacious adj egal a equal, even, level adj eg e extremely adv eĥ o echo n ej o place n ek! let's go!, move it! int ekd e from, since adv ekhav i to get vi ek o beginning, commencement, inception, opening, outset, start n eksces e excessively adv ekskuz i to excuse vt eksplik i to explain vt ekster outside, out of prep 1 ekzempl o example n 1 ekzerc i to exercise, to practice vi el out of, from prep 1 elekt i to choose, to elect vt 1 en a, in, inside, into, on, per, within prep 1 enu i to be bored, to be tired of something vi enuig i to bore vi enuiĝ i to get bored vi erar i to err, to make a mistake vi 1 er o element, fragment, item, particle n esper i to hope vi 1 est i to be vi 1 estont o future n estr o boss, chief, leader n Eŭrop o Europe n evolu i to evolve, to develop vi F facil a easy adj 1 facil e easily adv fajr o fire n 1 fal i to fall vi 1 falk o falcon n fam a famous adj famili o family n 1 far i to do, to make vt 1 fart i to fare, to feel vt Kiel vi fartas? How are you? How do you fare? februar o February n feliĉ a happy adj 1 fel o skin, hide, fur n fenestr o window n 1 fer o iron (metal) n 1 ferm i to close v 1 fest i to celebrate v 1 fid i to have faith, to trust vt fil o son n 1 fin a final adj fin i to finish, to end (something) vt 1 fingr o finger n 1 fiŝ o fish n 1 flank o side n 1 flav a yellow adj flor o flower n 1 flughaven o airport n flug i to fly vi 1 foj o time, occasion n 1 for far, away adv 1 forges i to forget vt 1 forig i to do away with, to get rid of, to remove vi forir o departure n form o form n 1 fort a strong adj 1 franc a French adj Mi parolas (la) francan (lingvon). I speak French. I speak (the) French (language). Franci o France n This is a more modern way of saying France. Francuj o France n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying France. frap i to hit, to strike vt 1 frat o brother n 1 fraŭl o bachelor n 1 fremd a foreign, alien adj 1 frid a cold, frigid adj 1 fromaĵ o cheese n 1 fronte al opposite 1 fru a early adj 1 frukt o fruit n 1 funkci i to function, to work vi G gaj a happy, cheerful adj 1 gajn i to win, to acquire vt 1 gard i to guard, to keep, to look after, to watch over vt gast o guest n gazet o magazine n 1 german a German adj Mi parolas (la) germanan (lingvon). I speak German. I speak (the) German (language). Germani o Germany, Deutschland n This is a more modern way of saying Germany. Germanuj o Germany, Deutschland n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying Germany. glaci o ice n glas o (drinking) glass n 1 glob o globe, sphere n gol o goal (scored) n gramatik o grammar n grand a large, great adj 1 grav a important adj 1 griz a gray adj grup o group n gust o taste n gustum i to taste (something) vt Ĝ ĝangal o jungle n ĝarden o garden n 1 ĝi it pron 1 ĝis till, until, as far as conj-prep You can often hear people saying good-bye with ĝis. "Ĝis" means "later" or, "until then" or, "until next time". "Ĝis baldaŭ" means the same, but also implies it won't be long: "see you soon". 1 ĝoj i to be glad, to rejoice vi 1 ĝust a correct, exact adj 1 H ha! ah! int 1 halt i to stop vi 1 har o (one) hair n 1 harar o hair n hast e hastily, hurriedly adv haŭt o skin, flesh n hav i to have vt 1 havig i to get, to procure vt havebl a available adj hejm o home n 1 hel a bright, clear adj 1 help i to help vt 1 hieraŭ yesterday adv 1 hind a Indian adj Mi ŝatas hindajn filmojn. I like Indian movies. Hindi o India, भारत n This is a more modern way of saying India. Hinduj o India, भारत n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying India. hispan a Spanish adj Mi parolas (la) hispanan (lingvon). I speak Spanish. I speak (the) Spanish (language). Hispani o Spain, España n This is a more modern way of saying Spain. Hispanuj o Spain, España n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying Spain. histori o history n 1 ho! o!, oh! int 1 ho ve! oh dear!, alas! int hodiaŭ today adv 1 hom o person, human n 1 hor o hour n 1 hund o dog n 1 hura i to cheer vi Ĥ ĥameleon o chameleon n ĥaos a chaotic adj ĥaos o chaos n ĥat o hut n ĥemi o chemistry n ĥemiist o chemist n ĥin a Chinese adj Mi ŝatas ĥinan manĝaĵon. I like Chinese food. Ĥini o China, 中国, 中國 n This is a more modern way of saying China. Ĥinuj o China, 中国, 中國 n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying China. ĥirurgi o surgery n ĥirurg o surgeon n ĥor o chorus n I i a some kind of adj ial for some reason iam at some time, ever, sometime ide o idea n 1 idiot o idiot n id o child, offspring n ie anywhere, somewhere iel anyway, somehow ien somewhere, to some place ies someone's ig i to cause, to get, to make vt iĝ i to become, to get, to grow vt ili they pron 1 il o tool, means n imag i to imagine v in a female, feminine adj infan o child n 1 inform i to inform vt informiĝ i to be advised, to be informed, to find out v insekt o insect n instru i to teach v insul o island n insult a insulting, offensive adj inter between, among prep 1 inter ... kaj ... ... to ..., from ... to ... exp interes o interest n 1 interes i to interest, to be interesting to vt 1 interesiĝ i to be interested, to take an interest vt Mi interesiĝas pri Esperanto. I am interested in Esperanto. intern a internal, inside adj 1 iom a little, rather, some, somewhat, to some extent adv iom post iom gradually, little by little adv ir i to go v 1 iu a, any, anybody, some, somebody, one, someone, some one iu ajn any iuj a few, some J ja indeed 1 jam already adv 1 januar o January n Japanland o Japan, 日本 n uncommon Japani o Japan, 日本 n This is a more modern way of saying Japan. japan a Japanese adj Mi parolas (la) japanan (lingvon). I speak Japanese. I speak (the) Japanese (language). Japanuj o Japan, 日本 n traditional This is a more traditional way of saying Japan. jar o year n 1 je as regards, in relation to prep 1 jen here is (are), look! 1 jen ... jen ... sometimes ... sometimes ..., now ... now ... exp 1 jes yes 1 juli o July n jun a young adj 1 juni o June n just a just, fair adj 1 Ĵ ĵaluz a jealous adj 1 ĵaŭd o Thursday n ĵet i to throw vt 1 ĵurnal o newspaper n ĵus just, just now adv 1 K kaf o coffee n kaj and conj 1 kaj ... kaj ... both ... and ... exp kalkul i to calculate, to count vt 1 kamp o field, area n 1 kant i to sing v 1 kap o head n 1 kapt i to catch vt 1 kar a dear, expensive, lovely, valuable adj 1 kaŝ i to hide (something) vt 1 kat o cat n 1 kaŭz o cause n 1 ke that conj 1 kelk a some adj 1 ki a what kind of, what sort of adj kial what for, why kiam when kie where kiel as, how, like kies of which, which one's, whose kio what, which kiom how many, how much kis i kiss vt kiu that, which, which one, who klar a clear adj 1 klub o club, group n knab o boy n 1 kolekt i to collect vt 1 koler i to be angry vi 1 koleriĝ i to get angry vi kol o neck n 1 kolor o color n 1 komenc i to begin (something) vt 1 komerc i to trade, to do business vt 1 komfort a comfortable adj kompren i to understand, to realise, to realize vt 1 komun a common, general adj 1 komunik i to communicate vi kon i to know vi 1 konduk i to lead v 1 kongres o congress, convention n konsent i to agree vi 1 konsil i to advise vt 1 konstru i to build vt 1 kontent a satisfied, content adj 1 kontraŭ across from, against, in exchange for, opposed to, opposite, upon prep 1 korespond i to correspond, to exchange letters vi kor o heart n 1 korp o body n 1 kort o yard, courtyard n 1 kost i to cost vt 1 kovert o envelope n kovr i to cover vt 1 kred i to believe vt 1 kresk i to grow vi 1 kri i to yell, to cry out vi 1 krom apart from, besides, except, except for prep 1 ksilofon o xylophone n ktp and so on, et cetera exp Stands for "kaj tiel plu". kuir i to cook v 1 kuk o cake n kun with prep 1 kunuz i to share vt kuraĝ a brave, courageous adj 1 kur i to run vi 1 kurs o course, series of lessons n kuŝ i to lie down vi 1 kutim o custom, habit n 1 kvankam although conj 1 kvar four num 1 kvazaŭ as if, as though adv-conj 1 kviet a quiet adj kvin five num 1 L la the (definite article) 1 labor i to work vi 1 lac a tired adj 1 lakt o milk n 1 land o country, land n 1 larĝ a wide adj 1 las i to leave, to allow vt 1 last a last adj 1 laŭ according to, along prep 1 lav i to wash vt 1 lecion o lesson n leg i to read vt 1 lern i to learn vt 1 leter o letter (correspondence) n 1 lev i to lift vt li he pron 1 liber a free, independent adj 1 libr o book n 1 lig o league, alliance n 1 lig i to tie, to bind vt 1 lign o wood n 1 lingv o language n 1 lini o line n 1 lit o bed n 1 loĝ i to live, to inhabit vt 1 lok o place, position n 1 long a long adj 1 lud i to play v 1 lud o game n lum i to shine, to give light vi 1 lund o Monday n M maj o May (month) n man o hand n 1 manĝ i to eat v 1 mank i to be lacking, to be absent v 1 mar o sea, ocean n 1 mard o Tuesday n mark o sign, mark n 1 marŝ i walk v 1 mart o March (month) n maten o morning n 1 matenmanĝ o breakfast n mem -self, -selves 1 membr o member n memor i to remember v 1 merkred o Wednesday n met i to put, to place vt 1 mez o middle n 1 mezur i to measure (something) vt 1 mi I, me pron 1 mil (one) thousand num 1 milit i to wage war vi 1 minut o minute n 1 mir i to marvel, to be amazed vt 1 mirind a wonderful adj 1 misuz i to misuse vt moment o moment n 1 mon o money n 1 monat o month n 1 mond o world n 1 mont o mountain n 1 montr i to show vt 1 morgaŭ tomorrow adv 1 mort i to die vi 1 mov i to move (something) vt 1 mult a much, a lot of adj 1 mur o wall n 1 N naci o nation n 1 naĝ i to swim vi nask i to give birth (to) vt 1 natur o nature n 1 naŭ nine num 1 naz o nose n 1 ne no, not 1 neces a necessary adj 1 neĝ o snow n 1 nek nor conj 1 nek ... nek ... neither... nor... conj nestabil a unstable adj ni we, us pron 1 nigr a black adj 1 nokt o night n 1 nom o name n 1 nombr o number, amount n 1 nord a north adj nov a new adj 1 novembr o November n nu well!, now! int 1 nub o cloud n 1 nul zero num 1 nun now adv 1 nur only adv 1 O oft a frequent, common adj 1 ok eight num 1 okaz i to happen, to occur vi 1 oktobr o October n okul o eye n 1 okup i to occupy vt 1 ol than (in comparisions) conj 1 oni one, people, "they" pron Oni ne povas kontentigi la katon kaj kune la raton. One cannot please both the cat and the rat. 1 onkl o uncle n 1 opini i to think, to have an opinion v 1 ord o order n 1 ordon i to order, to command vt 1 orel o ear n 1 ost o bone n ov o egg n P pac o peace n 1 pag i to pay v 1 pan o bread n 1 paper o paper n 1 pardon i to forgive, to excuse vt 1 parol i to speak v 1 part o part n 1 pas i to pass v 1 paŝ i to step, to pace vi 1 patr o father n 1 pec o piece, bit n 1 pen i to try, to endeavour v 1 pens i to think v 1 per by (means of), with prep 1 perd i to lose vt 1 permes i to allow, to permit vt 1 person o person n 1 pet i to ask (for), to request vt 1 pied o foot n 1 pilk o ball (for playing) n plaĉ i to please, to be pleasing v plaĝ o beach n plank o floor n 1 plej most (superlative) adv 1 plen a full adj 1 plend i to complain vi 1 plezur o pleasure, enjoyment n 1 pli more (comparative) adv 1 plor i to cry, to weep vi 1 plu further, more (adverb) adv 1 plum o pen n 1 pluv o rain n 1 popol o people, nation n 1 por for, in order to prep 1 pord o door n 1 port i to carry vt 1 post after, behind prep 1 postul i to demand, to require vt 1 pov i to be able (to) vt 1 prav a right, correct adj 1 precip a main, principal adj 1 prem i to press, to squeeze vt 1 pren i to take vt 1 preskaŭ almost adv 1 pret a ready adj 1 preter beyond, past prep 1 prezent i to present vt 1 pri about, concerning prep 1 printemp o spring n 1 pro because of, by reason of prep 1 problem o problem n profund a deep adj 1 proksim a near, close adj 1 propr a (one's) own adj 1 prov i to try, to test vt 1 punkt o point, period n 1 pur a clean, pure adj 1 R rajt o a right n 1 rakont i to tell, to narrate vt 1 rapid a quick, fast adj 1 reg i to rule, to control vt 1 renkont i to meet vt 1 respond i to answer vt 1 rest i to remain, to continue to be vt 1 rest o rest, remainder n 1 ricev i to receive vt 1 riĉ a rich adj 1 rid i to laugh vi 1 rigard i to look (at) vt 1 rimark i to notice vt 1 rimed o means, resource n 1 ripoz i to rest vi 1 river o river n 1 rob o a dress n romp i to break vt 1 rond o round, circle n 1 roz o rose n 1 ruĝ a red adj 1 S s-r o Mr. n sabat o Saturday n salt i to jump vi 1 salut i to greet vt 1 sam a same adj 1 san a healthy adj 1 sang o blood n 1 sat a full, not hungry adj 1 sci i to know vt 1 se if conj 1 sed but conj 1 seĝ o chair n 1 sek a dry adj sekv i to follow vt 1 semajn o week n 1 sen without prep 1 send i to send vt 1 sent i to feel vt 1 sep seven num 1 septembr o September n serĉ i to look for, to seek vt 1 serv i to serve v 1 ses six num 1 si reflexive pronoun pron Li amas sin pli ol (li amas) ŝin. He loves himself more than (he loves) her. Li aĉetis aŭton por si. He bought a car for himself. 1 sid i to sit vi 1 silent i to be silent vi 1 simpl a simple adj 1 sinjor o mister, gentleman n 1 skrib i to write v 1 soif i to be thirsty vi sol a alone adj 1 solv i to solve vt somer o summer n 1 son i to sound v 1 spec o kind, sort n 1 staci o station (for bus, train, etc.) n 1 star i to stand vi 1 stat o state, condition n 1 strat o street n 1 stud i to study v sub under, beneath prep 1 sufer i to suffer vi 1 sufiĉ a sufficient, enough adj 1 sukces i to succeed vi suker o sugar n 1 sun o sun n 1 super over, above prep 1 supr o top, summit n 1 sur on, upon prep 1 Ŝ ŝajn i to seem, to appear to be vt 1 ŝanĝ i to change vt 1 ŝat i to have a high opinion of, to value, to like vt Mi ŝatas torton. I like pie. ŝi she pron 1 ŝip o ship n 1 ŝton o stone n 1 T tabl o table n 1 tag o day n 1 tagmanĝ o lunch n tajp i to type v tamen however, nevertheless adv-conj 1 tas o cup n task o task n te o tea n teatr o a theater n temp o time n 1 ten i to hold, to have vt 1 ter o earth, ground n 1 tim i to fear vt 1 tip o type, sort n tir i to pull vt 1 tra through prep 1 tranĉ i to cut vt 1 trankvil a calm, quiet adj 1 trans across, on the other side of prep 1 tre very adv 1 tri three num 1 trink i to drink vt 1 tro too, too much 1 trov i to find vt tuj immediately adv 1 turn i to turn vt 1 tuŝ i to touch vt 1 tut a whole, entire adj 1 U unu one num 1 uok o wok n urb o city, town n 1 uson o United States of America, USA n util a useful adj 1 uz i to use vt 1 Ŭ In modern Esperanto, use of the letter Ŭ as a standalone consonant has fallen out of favour. It used to be common to use it for loanwords and foreign names like Ŭaŝingtono (for "Washington"), but the modern preference is Vaŝingtono. The only modern use for Ŭ is in diphthongs. ŭat o Watt n Unu ŭato egalas al unu ĵulo en sekundo. One Watt equals one Joule per second. One Watt is equal to one Joule in a second. This way of saying "Watt" has fallen out of favour; vato is preferred. V vagon o train waggon, carriage n 1 valor o value n 1 varm a warm, hot adj 1 vek i to awake (someone) vt 1 ven i to come v 1 vend i to sell vt 1 vendred o Friday n vent o wind n 1 ver a true, real adj 1 verd a green adj 1 vesper o evening n 1 vest o garment, article of clothing n 1 veter o weather n 1 vetur i to travel (by vehicle: to drive, to fly, etc.) v 1 vi you pron 1 vid i to see v 1 vilaĝ o village n 1 vin o wine n vintr o winter n 1 vir o man n 1 virin o woman n vitr o glass (substance) n 1 viv i to live, to be alive vi 1 vizaĝ o face n 1 vizit i to visit vt voj o way, road n 1 vojaĝ i to travel, to journey v 1 vok i to call vt 1 vol i to want to vt 1 vort o word n 1 vortar o dictionary, vocabulary n 1 Z zorg i to care for, to take care of vt 1 deep