Portuguese/Contents/Irregular verbs

<< Portuguese:Contents Irregular verbs are verbs that don't follow the normal pattern used in giving tense to verbs (as is the case with regular verbs). Instead, they have their own individual ways of adding tense. For instance, in English we would end most past tense verb usages with the letters ED ("work", "clean", and "thank" become "worked", "cleaned", and "thanked"). But with irregular verbs, we make much different changes to them ("see", "think", and "do", become "saw", "thought", and "did"). The Portuguese language has instances such as these, and we will explore them in this section. There are several levels of irregularity in Portuguese verbs. Most irregular of all are the so-called anomalous verbs, which are only two: ser and ir. These two verbs present stem change within the Present Indicative tense, which means that not all persons begin the same way: ser ir eu sou vou tu és vais você é vai ele/ela é vai nós somos vamos vós* sois ides vocês são vão eles/elas são vão Vós is considered archaic in the vast majority of dialects. It is hardly heard today in Brazil and most of Portugal, although in some rural regions of Portugal it is still used in everyday language. Furthermore, curiously, in several tenses (the Perfect and Plus-quam-perfect Preterites Indicative, the Imperfect and Future Subjunctive) the conjugation is exactly the same for these two verbs: indicative subjunctive perfect plusquamperfect imperfect future eu fui fora fosse for tu foste foras fosses fores ele/ela foi fora fosse for nós fomos fôramos fôssemos formos vós fostes fôreis fôsseis fordes eles/elas foram foram fossem forem There is also stem change in the Present Subjunctive, but the stems remain the same for all persons and numbers and they differ in each verb: ser ir eu seja vá tu sejas vás ele/ela seja vá nós sejamos vamos vós sejais vades eles/elas sejam vão Tenses The following are sections dedicated to the different tenses used for irregular verbs: Present tense irregular verbs Future tense irregular verbs Imperfect tense irregular verbs Preterite tense irregular verbs Irregular verbs Here is a list of the most common irregular verbs, along with their meanings (the links refer to the wiktionary project): -ou verbs ir - to go ser - to be (as in a state of being) estar - to be (as in location or temporary state) dar - to give -zer/-der (so/ço-go) verbs dizer - to say fazer - to do trazer - to bring poder - can/to be able to -nho verbs ter - to have, to exist (Brazil) vir - to come pôr - to put ler/ver ler - to read ver - to see -air verbs cair - to fall sair - to exit Only irregular in P.I. crer - to believe fugir - to run away rir - to laugh subir - to climb Only/mostly irregular in P.P.S. caber - to fit querer - to want saber - to know (about) Only irregular in first person P.I. dormir (eu durmo) - to sleep medir (eu meço) - to measure ouvir (eu ouço) - to hear pedir (eu peço) - to ask for perder (eu perco) - to lose/to miss seguir (eu sigo) - to follow servir (eu sirvo) - to serve sentir (eu sinto) - to feel valer (eu valho) - to be valid/to be worth Only 1-2 exceptions requerer - to request/require Haver haver - very irregular verb, auxiliar and sometimes with the meaning "to exist"