Vietnamese/Consonants

There are 17 single consonants: ConsonantPhonemeEnglish equivalent soundb /ɓ/ butc /k/ skyd /z/ zoo (Northern)d /j/ yes (Southern & Central)đ /ɗ/ dog /ɣ/ goh /h/ hatk /k/ skyl /l/ longm /m/ men /n/ nop /p/ sport (cannot occur initially, except in loan words)q /k/ squarer /z/ zoo (Northern)r /ɹ/ run (Southern & Central)s /s/ stay (Northern)s /∫/ show (Southern & Central)t /t/ stop v /v/ videox /s/see There are 10 consonant digraphs: DigraphPhonemeEnglish equivalent soundch /c/ cha-cha gh /ɣ/ gogi /z/ zoo (Northern)gi /j/ yes (Southern & Central)kh /x/ lochnh /ɲ/ canyonng /ŋ/ sing, but can occur initially.ph /f/ Philipth /tʰ/ as in top (aspirated "t"), not as in thintr /c/cha-cha (Northern)tr /ʈʂ/straw (Southern and Central)qu /kw/ square (Northern & Central)qu /w/ world (Southern) There is one consonant trigraph: ngh /ŋ/: nghỉ, nghiêm, nghiêng There are 8 final consonants: ConsonantPhonemeEnglish equivalent soundc /k/ rackch /k/ sick (cut in the South)m /m/ gymn /n/ bannh /ɲ/ canyonng /ŋ/ singp /p/ tapt /t/ pat