Old Norse/Noun Declension

0% In this chapter, the following concepts are explained: strong masculine declension strong feminine declension strong neuter declension strong r-stem declension strong nd-stem declension weak masculine declension weak feminine declension weak neuter declension Labial mutation (aka. u-umlaut) is marked by an L before the ending. Front mutation (aka. i-umlaut) is marked by an F before the ending. Strong masculine declension a-stem nouns + a-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative -r -ar genitive -s, -ar -a dative -i L -um accusative -∅ -a For the genitive singular, some nouns had -s, others had -ar, still others had both. ja-stem nouns + ja-stem masculine nouns long stem short stem case singular plural singular plural nominative -ir -ar -r -jar genitive -is -a -s -ja dative -i L -um -i L -jum accusative -i -a -∅ -ja Masculine short stem are rare. The only ones are niðr, herr and beðr. Long stems have i instead of j unless followed by back vowels (here a, u). j disappears anyways after a long stem, unless preceded by g or k. wa-stem nouns + wa-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative L -r L -var genitive L -s, -var L -va dative L -vi L -um accusative L -∅ L -va i-stem nouns + i-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative -r -ir genitive -s, -ar -a dative -∅, -i L -um accusative -∅ -i u-stem nouns + u-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative L -r F -ir genitive -ar -a dative F -i L -um accusative L -∅ L -u Consonant stem nouns + Consonant stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative -r F -r genitive -s, -ar -a dative (F) -i, -∅ L -um accusative -∅ F -r Strong feminine declension ō-stem nouns + ō-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative L -∅ -ar genitive -ar -a dative L -∅, -u L -um accusative L -∅ -ar jō-stem nouns + jō-stem feminine nouns long stem short stem case singular plural singular plural nominative L -r -ar L -∅ -jar genitive -ar -a -jar -ja dative L -i L -um L -∅, -ju L -jum accusative L -i -ar L -∅ -jar wō-stem nouns + wō-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative L -∅ L -var genitive L -var L -va dative L -∅, -u L -um accusative L -∅ L -var i-stem nouns + i-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative L -∅, -r -ir genitive -ar -a dative L -∅, -u L -um accusative L -∅ -ir Consonant stem nouns + Consonant stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative L -∅ F -r genitive -ar, (F -r) -a dative L -∅ L -um accusative L -∅ F -r Strong neuter declension a-stem nouns + a-stem neuter nouns case singular plural nominative -∅ L -∅ genitive -s, -ar -a dative -i L -um accusative -∅ L -∅ ja-stem nouns + ja-stem neuter nouns long stem short stem case singular plural singular plural nominative -i L -i -∅ L -∅ genitive -is -a -s -ja dative -i L -um -i L -jum accusative -i L -i -∅ L -∅ Long stems have i instead of j unless followed by back vowels (here a, u). j disappears anyways after a long stem, unless preceded by g or k. wa-stem nouns + wa-stem neuter nouns case singular plural nominative L -∅ L -∅ genitive L -s, -var L -va dative L -vi L -um accusative L -∅ L -∅ Strong r-stem declension + r-stem nouns case singular plural nominative -ir F -r genitive L -ur F -ra dative L -ur F -rum accusative L -ur F -r r-stem nouns are those of family members and relationships. They are faðir, móðir, bróðir, systir and dóttir. faðir has an alternative genitive singular feðr. Strong nd-stem declension + nd-stem nouns case singular plural nominative -i F -r genitive -a -a dative -a L -um accusative -a F -r nd-stem nouns were originally present participles used substantively, like English he witnessed the killing of his mother. Weak masculine declension an-stem masculine nouns + an-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative -i -ar genitive -a -a dative -a L -um accusative -a -a jan-stem masculine nouns + jan-stem masculine nouns case singular plural nominative -i -jar genitive -ja -ja dative -ja L -jum accusative -ja -ja Weak feminine declension ōn-stem feminine nouns + ōn-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative -a L -ur genitive L -u -na dative L -u L -um accusative L -u L -ur jōn-stem feminine nouns + jōn-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative -ja L -jur genitive L -ju -na dative L -ju L -jum accusative L -ju L -jur īn-stem feminine nouns + īn-stem feminine nouns case singular plural nominative -i -ar genitive -i -a dative -i L -um accusative -i -ar Weak neuter declension an-stem neuter nouns + an-stem neuter nouns case singular plural nominative -a L -u genitive -a -na dative -a L -um accusative -a L -u jan-stem neuter nouns + jan-stem neuter nouns case singular plural nominative -ja L -ju genitive -ja -na dative -ja L -jum accusative -ja L -ju