Pinyin

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Pinyin}} alt="Double Happiness" Ink and color on silk by the Chinese artist Cui Bo, active during the reign of Shenzong.|center|thumb|420x420px|"Double Happiness" Ink and color on silk by the Chinese artist Cui Bo, active during the reign of Shenzong. Pinyin#Pinyin tone marking The reading materials of this book are written in bite size for learning easier, can be used for learning Pinyin Chinese* as well as English. (*For learning Hanzi Chinese, please click here.) You can search related topics of this book from the following box, or browse the resources. image English language Hanzi Pinyin English-Hanzi Pinyin/Vocabulary Pinyin/Problem of Hanzi application in IT English-Chinese English-Pinyin The formulation of Pinyin Historic background Pinyin was officially declared by the government of the People's Republic of China in 1958. The Explanation of Pinyin What is Pinyin? Pinyin (also called Hanyu Pinyin, Romanized Chinese or Pinyin Chinese) is a type of transliteration for Putonghua - the Standard Chinese language (a tonal language) where tone marks are used to show tones. It is the official form of the Latin alphabet transliteration used for the People's Republic of China and most of the world. And it is the standard form of Chinese Romanization for the United Nations. Pronunciation Orthography We should divide Pinyin text by words and write syllables connectedly, such as "I am a foreigner" should be written as "Wǒ shì wàiguórén" in Pinyin. Syllable-dividing mark Syllable-dividing mark is the mark for dividing syllables, used before the syllables starting with vowels "a", "o", or "e", such as "pí'ǎo". The application of Pinyin To spell Chinese language Phonetic notation of Hanzi For spelling Putonghua Chinese is normally written by ideographics. But for non-Chinese-speaking people, it is hard to recognize them. Pinyin can help Chinese learners recognize them more easily. This is a useful way to learn Chinese. Pinyin can also be used in place of Hanzi when Hanzi is not convenient. Application technology Indexing Indexing problems There is no particular order to Hanzi as it does not use the Roman alphabet (also called the Latin alphabet, i.e. ABC), so ordering by alphabetical order is inconvenient. There are currently many indexing methods to Hanzi, including character stroke, character radical, Four-Corner System, Zhuyin, Pinyin and etc. The structural problems of Hanzi cause indexing difficulty. Solutions to indexing problems Related governments together stipulate a unified Hanzi strokes and radicals standard. There have been suggestions to use Pinyin as the indexing method. Pinyin adopts internationally used Roman alphabet, makes convenient file order. Pinyin uses phonetic values, avoiding the problem created by the lack of unity between traditional and simplified character strokes. Technical terms translation Technical terms translation problems Majority of written language uses Roman alphabet (also called Latin alphabet). Hanzi (also called Chinese character) is not an alphabetic written language and is not convenient for translation, causing a lot of confusion. Technological terms such as Internet can be translated as 互联网 (Hùliánwǎng), 国际互联网 (Guójì Hùliánwǎng), 因特网 (Yīntèwǎng); laser translated as 雷射 (léishè), 镭射 (léishè), 莱塞 (láisài), 激光 (jīguāng). Brand names such as National, Panasonic, Technics are translated as 乐声牌 (Lèshēng-pái), 松下 (Sōng-xià); Sharp is translated as 声宝 (Shēngbǎo), 夏普 (Xiàpǔ); Sony is translated as 新力 (Xīnlì), 索尼 (Suǒní). Place names such as 北京 (Běijīng) is translated as Peking, Beijing; 广州 (Guǎngzhōu) is translated as Canton, Kwangchow, Guangzhou. People names such as the surname 罗 (Luó) is translated as Luo, Lo, Law; 李 (Lǐ) is translated as Lee, Li; Nixon is translated as 尼克逊 (Níkèxùn), 尼克松 (Níkèsōng). The same person can be translated into different names. Technical terms translation problem solutions When translating foreign languages, directly transliterating foreign languages can solve problems. For example, Internet directly translates to the Internet; laser directly translates to the laser; National, Panasonic and Technics directly translate to National, Panasonic and Technics, or as kanji of Japan: 松下 (Sōng-xià). Names of Chinese people, places and technical terms all use Pinyin to transliterate to foreign languages. For example, 北京 (Běijīng) 邓小平 (Dèng Xiǎopíng) and 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà) use Pinyin to transliterate to Beijing, Deng Xiaoping and Putonghua. Standardization of person and place names Romanization of technical terms and code names Romanization Learn Chinese Pinyin is a tool for learning Mandarin, and is used to explain both the grammar and spoken Mandarin. Books containing both Hanzi and Pinyin are used by learners of Chinese; Pinyin's role in teaching pronunciation is similar to Furigana-based books (with Hiragana letters written above or next to Kanji, directly analogous to Zhuyin) in Japanese or fully vocalised texts in Arabic ("vocalized Arabic"). Pinyin reading materials Pinyin reading materials are commonly used for learning Chinese. Hanzi input Pinyin input method Pinyin input method is a popularly used phonetic input method. To key in Putonghua's pinyin which will automatically convert into Hanzi. For example: "BABA" is for inputting "爸爸". Resources :Category:Book:Pinyin See also Appendix The Problems of Hanzi Application in IT Pinyin Orthography Basic Rules of Pinyin Orthography (Summary) Dictionaries Pinyin vocabulary Wenlin Pinyin dictionary Pinyin reading matters The reading materials of this book can be used for learning Chinese as well as English. Please see for Pinyin reading matters Pinyin tone marking ASCII alternatives for diacritics Alternative methods may be used when diacritics are unavailable or difficult to input. Tone numbers Arabic digits are used to indicate the four tones respectively: ā á ǎ à = a1 a2 a3 a4 The "neutral tone" may be marked with 0 or 5 should the writer want to indicate it. Spelling alternation Gwoyeu Romatzyh Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR) is a Chinese Romanization system developed in the 1920s which assigns distinct sets of spellings to different tones of the same segmental tier (i.e. syllable without considering tones) according to particular rules. GR rules can be applied to pinyin to indicate different tones. For example, the Chinese province of Shǎnxī (陝西) is officially Romanized as "Shaanxi" to avoid confusion with its neighbor, Shānxi (山西). This hybrid approach is a pragmatic borrowing of GR rules. Actually, the province would be written in GR as "Shaanshi". This approach has inspired others facing identical naming collisions. For instance, Beijing Subway uses "Guaanzhuang" for the station Guǎnzhuāng (管庄) to differentiate it from Guānzhuāng (关庄), even though the correct spelling of guǎn in GR would be "goan". Note that GR is obsolete today and you might cause confusion by applying its rules. Treatment for ü "v" is often used to replace "ü" because the substitution is a long-standing standard for pinyin IMEs (input method editors). However, this practice is often criticized when ASCII is not required, as "v" is a technical compromise instead of an orthographic standard, and using the consonant letter "v" to represent the vowel ü is visually jarring. Chinese passports use "yu" to replace "ü" in segmental tiers lü and nü (becoming "lyu" and "nyu").关于内地居民拼音姓名中字母“Ü”在出入境证件中打印规则的公告 Treatment for ê Standalone "ê"s are often replaced with "ei". This is a phonetic workaround; since "ê" is marginal and exclusively used for interjections, people often substitute it with "ei" because those characters often carry an alternative pronunciation of ei in speech. References Chinese language English language P 75%