Estonian/Everything and Nothing

In this lesson we'll go over some important determiners in Estonian. What are Determiners? Determiners are a class of words that span over several types of words, such as pronouns and adjectives, which are used to specify nouns. These primarily act like adjectives in general, and include words like my, this, every, no, each, as well as question determiners that can be used to begin interrogative sentences and specify nouns in declarative sentences, such as what, which and who. Common determiners in Estonian Estonian English CorrespondingQuestion Question in English Declension? iga each/every ~ mitmes? which one? (ordinal num.) iga - iga - iga(t) mõni some missugune? which one? (ordinal num.) mõni - mõne - mõnda paar a couple (of) mitu? how many? (cardinal num.) paar - paari - .paari see this missugune? which one? (adjective) see - selle - seda selline like this missugune? what kind? (adjective)like what? selline - sellise - sellist kumb which missugune? which one? kumb - kumma - .kumba mingimingisugune some, some kind of(mingi can refer to both nouns or adjectives) missugune? which one?what kind? mingi - mingi - mingi(t)mingisugune - mingisuguse - mingisugust milline - informal short form of missugune Non-Determiner Vocabulary The following words are included in this lesson, but are not Determiners because they are standalone words. However, some may be composed of determiners. Estonian English midagimiski something(nothing) keegi someone mitte not mitte midagieimiski nothing mitte keegieikeegi nobody (mitte) kumbki neither (subject) (mitte) kumbagi neither (object) kõik - kõige - .kõike - all, everything, everyone inimene - inimese - inimest - person, human elu - elu - elu - life kiri - kirja - .kirja - letter Verbs (shorthand) nägema - näe - ei näe - to see Enumeration of nouns Nominative Nouns preceded by an ordinal determiner (1st, 2nd, 3rd, first, last, every etc.) are written in the Nominative. The determiner (e.g. number) will decline along with the noun in all other cases. The Accusative case (III) marks the partitive in Estonian, and the partitive is used when talking about several (plural) of something (preceded by a cardinal determiner). In this case, the Nominative becomes the Accusative, but all other cases remain the same: paar + kass = kolm .kassi (kass becomes Accusative) paari + kassi = kolme kassi .paari + .kassi = .kolme .kassi Phrases Iga inimene teab midagi Translation Every person knows something Siin on paar õuna Translation Here are a couple of apples Mõni kass oskab seda Translation Some cats know how to do this Selline on elu Translation That's lifeThat's what life is like Mitte keegi ei tea seda Translation Nobody knows this Ma ei taha kumbagi Translation I don't want either one Ma kuulen mõnda inimest Translation I hear some people Kumba sa tahad? Translation Which one do you want? Kas see peab selline olema? Translation Does it have to be like that? Ma ei näe kumbagi kirja Translation I see neither letter Kõik on siin Translation Everything is hereEveryone is here