Portuguese/Contents/BPL1/Segunda lição

PortugueseBP - Level 1 Segunda lição Primeira lição Terceira lição Common greetings, thanks and goodbyes/Cumprimentos, agradecimentos e despedidas comuns Alice: Bom dia! O meu nome é Alice. Qual é o seu nome? Maria: Bom dia, meu nome é Maria. Como você está? Alice: Estou bem, obrigada. E você? Maria: Estou bem também. Prazer em conhecer você. Alice: Até logo! Maria: Tchau! Vocabulary and Grammar pt bom dia Bom dia good morning /bõ ˈdʒi.ɐ/ is the standard greeting used in the morning, generally until around noon. Other greetings include: pt boa tarde Boa tarde good afternoon /ˈbo.ɐ ˈtaʁ.dʒi/ is used from around noon until the evening. pt boa noite Boa noite good evening; good night /ˈbo.ɐ ˈnoj.tʃi/ is used after dark, both as a greeting and when saying goodbye before going to sleep. pt olá Olá hello /oˈla/ is a general greeting suitable in most situations. pt oi Oi hi /oj/ is informal and very common in Brazil. O meu nome é Alice. — My name is Alice. pt o O the /u/ — masculine singular definite article; pt meu meu my /mew/ — masculine singular first-person singular possessive pronoun; pt nome nome name /ˈno.mi/ — masculine noun; pt é é is /ɛ/ — third-person singular present indicative of verb pt ser to be; pt Alice Alice Alice /aˈli.si/ — the name. In Portuguese, possessive adjectives may optionally be preceded by the definite article. O meu nome é Alice. Meu nome é Alice. Both are grammatically correct. In Brazil, omitting the article is common in speech. Qual é o seu nome? — What is your name? pt qual qual what; which /kwaw pt é é is pt seu seu your /sew/ pt nome nome name Como você está? — How are you? pt como como how pt você você you pt estar estar to be pt está está are Portuguese has two verbs meaning to be: pt ser to be (permanent) and pt estar to be (temporary). pt ser is generally used for identity, permanent characteristics, origin, professions, and time. pt estar is generally used for temporary states, emotions, health, and location. Because someone's name is permanent, Qual é o seu nome? uses pt ser. Likewise, because someone's condition is temporary, Como você está? uses pt estar. Estou bem. — I'm well. pt estou estou I am — first-person singular of pt estar. pt bem bem well Other common replies include: Muito bem. — Very well. Tudo bem. — Everything's fine. Mais ou menos. — So-so. Não muito bem. — Not very well. Obrigado / Obrigada — Thank you. The form depends on the speaker's gender. Men generally say obrigado. Women generally say obrigada. This is because the expression originally meant “obliged”. Some actually say muito obrigado insted of obrigado (muito means very). Obrigado por sua ajuda! ("Thank you for your help!") Muito obrigado por sua ajuda! ("Thank you very much for your help!") Orally, there is also a reduced form of "obrigado": 'Brigado por sua ajuda! ("Thanks for your help!") Prazer em conhecer você. — Nice to meet you. This expression literally means "A pleasure to meet you." Common alternatives include: Prazer. — Nice to meet you. (lit. pleasure) Muito prazer. — Very pleased to meet you. Tchau! — Bye! Other common farewells are: pt até logo Até logo see you later pt até amanhã Até amanhã see you tomorrow pt até mais Até mais see you later Verb 'ser'/Verbo "ser" You learned, at the last lesson, that there were two copula verbs in Portuguese. You've already learned the first one, "estar". Now it is time to learn the other one, ser, which denotes a permanent situation or condition. It is not a regular verb. The verb ser is conjugated in the present indicative as follows: Person Portuguese English 1. s. eu sou I am 2. s. você é you are 3. s. ele/ela é he/she/it is 1. p. nós somos we are 2. p. vocês são you all are 3. p. eles/elas são they are See some examples: Nós somos alunos. ("We are students.") Eles são felizes. ("They are happy.") To illustrate the difference between "ser" and "estar", compare the next two phrases: Eu estou alegre. – "I am happy (right now)." Eu sou alegre. – "I am happy (a happy person)." Possessive pronouns/Pronomes possessivos The possessive pronouns (pronomes possessivos) in Portuguese are the same than the possessive adjectives. As adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the possessed thing. They are: Possessive pronouns and adjectives Portuguese English Masculine Feminine Adjective Pronoun Singular Plural Singular Plural meu meus minha minhas my mine seu seus sua suas his, her, its his, hers, its nosso nossos nossa nossas our ours seu seus sua suas their theirs Just like adjectives and nouns, the plural forms are made adding -s. meu apartamento ("my apartment/flat") meus apartamentos ("my apartments/flats") minha casa ("my house") minhas casas ("my houses") The inflection patterns of "teu" (compare with "tu") and "seu" are the alike. seu livro ("his/her/its/their book") seus livros ("his/her/its/their books") sua revista ("his/her/its/their magazine") suas revistas ("his/her/its/their magazines") The pronouns "vosso" (compare with "vós") and "nosso" (compare with "nós") are inflected just like adjectives. nosso trabalho ("our work") nossos trabalhos ("our works") nossa piada ("our joke") nossas piadas ("our jokes") As "você" and "vocês" are address pronouns, they behave as third person pronouns. So, the possessive forms of them are "seu"-words. This is a important and confuse point, as you saw that "seu" can mean either "your(s)", "his", "her(s)", "its" and "their(s)". So instead of using "seu" (which have that lot of meanings) one changes it for: Portuguese English dele of him dela of her deles of them (masculine) delas of them (feminine) de vocês of you all Those are all contractions of the preposition "de" and the personal pronouns "ele", "ela", "eles", "elas". The same rule applies for "vocês" (but no contraction can be made between "de" and "vocês"). So, the possessive form used is "de vocês" ("of you"). o escritório dele ("his office") o escritório dela ("her office") o escritório deles ("their office") o escritório delas ("their office") o escritório de vocês ("your office") At everyday language, "seu" is used only as possessive form of "você", making things much easier. But some even do not use "seu" for "você", because of the confuse meanings it may have. Those use "teu" instead. It is grammatically wrong because "teu" is the possessive form of "tu". Grammatically, one must use the pronoun alongside with its respective possessive form: "tu" with "teu" and "você" with "seu". Concluding, the possessive pronouns are: Possessive pronouns and adjectives (informal speech)Portuguese English Masculine Feminine Singular Plural Singular Plural meu meus minha minhas my, mine seu seus sua suas your, yours (using "você") dele of him, of it dela of her, of it nosso nossos nossa nossas our, ours de vocês your, yours deles of them (masculine) delas of them (feminine) Days of the Week and Months/ Dias da semana e meses Days of the week/Dias da semana Most of the names of the days of the week today, are adaptations made in the medieval age from the Classical Latin roots, this is true to other Latin based languages such as Spanish or Italian. But in Portuguese this was made in an easier way, naming it after fairs (naming system used in Ecclesiastical Latin). So, except for Sunday and Saturday, the days of the week are formed by ordinal numbers plus the Portuguese word for "fair": Portuguese English Word Latin root Literal meaning Word (o) domingo dies dominicu "Lord's day" (the) Sunday (a) segunda-feira secunda feria "second fair" (the) Monday (a) terça-feira tertia feria "third fair" (the) Tuesday (a) quarta-feira quarta feria "fourth fair" (the) Wednesday (a) quinta-feira quinta feria "fifth fair" (the) Thursday (a) sexta-feira sexta feria "sixth fair" (the) Friday (o) sábado sabbatum "shabat day" (the) Saturday For time expressions, the copula verb used is "ser". Hoje é sábado. ("Today is Saturday.") Meu aniversário é em uma sexta-feira. ("My birthday is in a Friday.") Today in a colloquial and informal setting, if the context is already known, it is becoming common and acceptable to drop the "feira" section. "Vou lá na sexta."/"I will go there Friday." Months/Meses English Portuguese January Janeiro February Fevereiro March Março April Abril May Maio June Junho July Julho August Agosto September Setembro October Outubro November Novembro December Dezembro Introduction to verbs/Introdução a verbos The infinitive of all verbs in Portuguese language end in -r. The vowel before the -r is called the stem vowel, and it rules the conjugation of the verb. The root is what comes before the stem vowel. There are three stem vowels, that divides the verbs in three groups: first conjugation ("primeira conjugação"): infinitive ends in -ar. second conjugation ("segunda conjugação"): infinitive ends in -er. third conjugation ("terceira conjugação"): infinitive ends in -ir. Also, there are some infinitives that end in -or. Those are all derivate forms of the verb "pôr", ("to put") that is an irregular verb. All its derivates follow "pôr"'s conjugation pattern. This verb comes from the old Portuguese "poer" (Latin "ponere"), so all verbs in -or are considered to be irregular verbs of the second conjugation. Dialogue/Diálogo John está indo para a aula de português. Outra estudante de português, Andréia, fala com ele. Andréia: Boa tarde! John: Boa tarde! Andréia: Por favor, que dia é hoje? John: Hoje é segunda-feira. Andréia: Temos aula hoje? John: Desculpe mas não sei. Andréia: Tudo bem, muito obrigada de qualquer jeito! John: De nada! Andréia: Nós estamos atrasados! Rápido, a aula já está começando! John: É mesmo! Vocabulary Word Translation Notes começar start de of de qualquer jeito anyway lit. of any way desculpe sorry (o) dia (the) day masculine noun (though ends in -a) é mesmo! really! hoje today não no interjection, never used with nouns. o que what, what thing por favor please lit. for favour que what, which que dia é hoje? what day is it? lit. what day is today? rápido quick saber to know segunda-feira Monday lit. second fair sobre about