Persian/Lesson 13

In lessons ... through ..., you learned .... In this lesson, you will learn about personal clitics used after noun phrases, alternative pronomial direct objects as clitics, and differences between spoken and written forms. Dialogue: ... ... ... talks with ...: ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... |- | colspan=5 | |} Explanation ... and ... are.... Vocabulary ... ...... /...ˈ.../... ... درس 13 ق چ زيبا دوچرخه سواري را دوست دارد قاشق – lepel بشقاب – bord سفره – tafelkleed اتاق – kamer دوچرخه – fiets چاي – thee پيچ – schroef سفت – zacht آوردن – brengen ريختن – schenken آچار – gereedschap باز – open بسته – dicht دوچرخه سواري كردن – fietsen, (werkwoord) قند – suikerklontje شيرين – zoet زيبا – mooi, ook een meisjesnaam خراب – kapot دانستن – weten, (werkwoord) امين واكرم به مادر خود كمك مي كنند – Amin en Akram helpen hun eigen moeder اكرم سفره و قاشق و بشقاب را به اتاق مياورد – Akram brengt het bord, de lepel en het tafelkleed naar de kamer مادر زيبا چاي درست كرد – De moeder van Ziba zet thee زيبا دوچرخه سواري را دوست دارد – Ziba houdt van fietsen تكليف. شب. – Huiswerk جمله بسازيد . دوچرخه . قاشق . چاي . – Een zin maken فعل بسازيد . مي داند . مي آورد. ريختن - werkwoord vervoegen Personal clitics with noun phrases Grammar: (bound) personal enclitics after (singular or plural) noun phrase: After consonant: /am/, /at/, /aš/, /emân/, /etân/, /ešân/ After و or ا, /yam/, /yat/... After ه or ی, singular suffixes are spelled with leading zwnj+ا. Often expresses possession /pedaram/ ("my father"), /dust-e xubam/ ("my good friend") alternative pronomial direct objects as enclitics Colloquial Differences between spoken and written forms written را colloquially ‹o› or ‹ro›. With possessive endings: کتابم را به او دادم ketâbamow be u dâdam I gave my book to him. کتابت را به او دادم ketâbatow be u dâdam I gave your book to him. کتابش را به او دادم ketâbašow be u dâdam I gave her book to him. کتابمان را به او دادم ketâbemunow be u dâdam I gave our book to him. کتابتان را به او دادم ketâbetunow be u dâdam I gave your book to him. کتابشان را به او دادم ketâbašunow be u dâdam I gave their book to him. colloquial ‹e›, ‹s› for است colloquial verb endings: ه ‹eh› written ان ‹ân› vs spoken ‹un›, but not in خانم ‹xânom› Colloquially, when ‹â› comes before ‹a›, the latter elides: دست‌هایم dasthâyam my hands pronounced ‹dastâm› پایم pâyam my foot pronounced ‹pâm› Notes Persian/Lesson 14 Lesson 14 ( ۱۴ ), Light verbs