Belarusian/Lesson 15

Some Popular Belarusian Names Here are some names popular with Belarusians. Men's names. Belarusian English Transliteration Corresponding English Name Але́г Aleh Oleg Алякса́ндр; Але́сь Alyaksandr; Alyes Alexander Аляксе́й Alyaksei Alexis Анато́ль Anatol Анто́н, Анто́сь Anton, Antos Anthony Вале́рый Valery Васiль Vasil Вiктар Viktar Viсtor Вiнцэ́нт, Вiнцу́к Vintsent, Vintsuk Vincent Вiта́ль Vital Гена́дзь Henadz Дзьмiтры, Зьмiцер, Зьмiтро́к Dmitry, Zmitser, Zmitrok Іва́н, Ян Ivan, Yan John Ігна́т Ignat Іо́сiф, Язэ́п Iosif, Yazep Joseph Канстанцiн, Касту́сь Kanstantin, Kastus Мiкала́й, Мiко́ла Mikalai, Mikola Nicholas Мiхаiл, Мiха́сь Mikhail, Mikhas Michael Пётр, Пятро́к Pyotr, Pyatrok Peter Рыго́р Rygor Gregory Сiгiзму́нд Sihizmund Sigmund Сярге́й, Сяржу́к Syarhei, Syarzhuk Serge Сцяпа́н Stiapan Stephan Уладзiмiр Uladimir Уладзiсла́ў Uladislau Фёдар Fyodar Theodor Цiмафе́й Tsimafei Timothy Я́каў, Ясь Yakau, Yas James Яўге́н Yauhen Eugene Women's names. Belarusian English Transliteration Corresponding English Name Але́на Aliena Helen Але́ся Aliesya Валянцiна Valyantsina Valentina Ве́ра Vera Во́льга Volga Olga Галiна Halina Га́нна Hanna Anne Еўфрасiння Eufrasinnya Іры́на Irina Irene Кацяры́на Katsiaryna Catherine Мары́я, Мар'я Maryia Maria Надзе́я NadzeyaHope Ната́лля Natallya Natalie Нiна Nina Nina Святла́на Sviatlana Тацця́на Tattsiana Ю́лiя Yuliya Julia Verbs in бiць, вiць etc. Verbs of the second conjugation ending in бiць, вiць, пiць or мiць obtain л letter in the first person singular. This feature is also characteristic to vern ending in б/в/п/м + ець/аць belonging to the second congugation. Infinitive я ты ён (яна, яно) мы вы яны Translation рабiць раблю́ ро́бiш ро́бiць ро́бiм ро́бiце ро́бяць do лавiць лаўлю́ ло́вiш ло́вiць ло́вiм ло́вiце ло́вяць catch кармiць кармлю́ ко́рмiш ко́рмiць ко́рмiм ко́рмiце ко́рмяць feed спаць сплю спiш спiць спiм спiце спяць sleep Nouns: Accusative The accusative case is used with nouns, pronouns etc. being direct objects of something. E.g., in a sentence A is doing B, A would be used in the Nominative whereas B would be put in the Accusative. The table illustrating the rule for nouns Accusative endings is given below. Nominative Singular Accusative Singular Accusative Plural FIRST DECLENSION animate, hard basis а у -/оў (аў) (as in the Genitive) каза́ казу́ коз ка́чка ка́чку ка́чак inanimate, hard basis а у ы/i (as in the Nominative) гара́ гару́ го́ры рака́ раку́ рэ́кi вёска вёску вёскi animate, soft basis я ю -/ёў (яў) (as in the Genitive) ча́пля (*) ча́плю ча́пляў inanimate, soft basis я ю i (as in the Nominative) зямля́ зямлю́ зе́млi до́ля до́лю до́лi SECOND DECLENSION masculine animate - а/я (as in the Genitive) оў/аў, ёў/яў (as in the Genitive) кот ката́ като́ў студэ́нт студэ́нта студэ́нтаў конь каня́ канёў masculine inanimate - - (as in the Nominative) ы/i (as in the Nominative) го́рад го́рад гарады́ боль (ache) боль бо́лi neuter о/а, е о/а, е (as in the Nominative) ы/i as in the Nominative вакно́ вакно́ во́кны по́ле по́ле палi THIRD DECLENSION animate - - (as in the Nominative) эй/ей (as in the Genitive) мыш мыш мышэ́й гусь гусь гусе́й inanimate - - (as in the Nominative) ы/i (as in the Nominative) ноч ноч но́чы (*) ча́пля is a heron As you can conclude from the table, the Accusative case has its own endings only for singular first declension nouns. For other nouns, the endings are "stolen" either from the Genitive or from the Nominative. Note that endings often differ for animate and inanimate nouns. This difference is reflected in question words for the Accusative, which are каго (as in the Genitive) for animate nouns, and што (as in the Nominative) for inanimate things. Што гэ́та? - Гэ́та го́рад. What is this? This is town. Хто гэ́та? - Гэ́та конь. Who is this? This is a horse. Каго́ ты ба́чыш? - Каня́. Whom do you see? [I see] a horse. Што ты ба́чыш? - Го́рад. What do you see? [I see] a town. Like with Countables and Uncountables When you say "I like X" in Belarusian, you put X into Accusative case. If the X is countable, you put it into plural, otherwise you leave it singular. люблю́ кве́ткi. I like roses. люблю́ мёд. I like honey. люблю́ саба́к. I like dogs. люблю́ му́зыку. I like music. In Belarusian, the following groups of nouns are uncountable: friable substances: авёс (oats), гаро́х (peas), фасо́ля (French beans) berries: сунiца (strawberries), малiна (raspberries), вiнагра́д (grapes). BUT the word я́гада (berry) itself is countable most vegetables: бу́льба (potatoes), мо́рква (carrots), капу́ста (cabbages), цыбу́ля (onions) Countable nouns are used in singular if they are interpreted not as a thing but as a state or as a concept: люблю́ вясну́. I like spring. люблю́ лес. I like the forest. Some nouns can be used both in singular and in plural, depending on their meaning: люблю́ пту́шку. I like poultry. люблю́ пту́шак. I like birds. Exercises Likes and Dislikes Part 1. Say whether you like or dislike the following things using the verb любiць. Be sure to put the objects into the Accusative case. Sample: Я не люблю кошак. Я люблю сабак. мыш (mouse) аўто́бус (bus) цыбу́ля (onion) цягнiк (train) вясна́ (spring) ле́та (summer) во́сень (autumn) зiма́ (winter) снег (snow) Джордж Буш (George Bush) дождж (rain) каза́ (goat) я́блык (apple) конь (horse) бу́льба uncountable (potato) Clue: Hе люблю мышэй, аўтобусы, цыбулю, цягнiкi, вясну, лета, восень, зiму, Джорджа Буша, снег, дождж, коз, яблыкi, бульбу Part 2. Using the chart below, say a) what Hanna likes b) what Vasil does not like c) what both Hanna and Vasil like Га́нна Васiль кот + + саба́ка - - зiма́ - + ле́та + - капу́ста + + я́блык + + бу́льба - + снег - + дождж - - го́рад + - мыш + + ноч + - Clue: (a) Ганна любiць катоў, лета, капусту, яблыкi, горад, мышэй, ноч (b) Васiль не любiць сабак, лета, дождж, горад, ноч (c) Васiль i Ганна любяць катоў, капусту, яблыкi, мышэй Translation Translate into Belarusian. (1) Do you like summer? No, we don't like summer. we like winter. (2) Does Vera like travelling? Yes, she likes travelling. (3) What are they doing? They are sleeping. (4) What do you see? I see a dog and a bird. (5) What are you doing? I am feeding the cats. (6) Do you like swimming? No, I don't like swimming. (7) Do you like berries? Yes, I like strawberries and raspberries. (8) Ivan likes potatoes, carrots and apples. Clue: (1) Вы любiце лета? Не мы не любiм лета, мы любiм зiму. (2) Вера любiць вандраваць? Так, яна любiць вандраваць. (3) Што яны робяць? Яны спяць. (4) Што ты бачыш? Я бачу сабаку i птушку. (5) Што ты робiш? Я кармлю катоў. (6) Ты любiш плаваць? Не, я не люблю плаваць. (7) Ты любiш ягады? Так, я люблю сунiцу i малiну. (8) Іван любiць бульбу, моркву i яблыкi.