Microsoft SQL Server/Table manipulation

Introduction The DDL and DML respect the SQL-86 norm. However, in addition to the requests SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT we find MERGE since the 2008 versionhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb510625.aspx. Create a table In SSMS, a right click on the folder "Tables" of a database allows to add one. A right click on a particular table lets choose between: Modify the table structure (add a column, modify a type). Select its 1,000 first records (TOP), or the 1,000 last (ORDER BY id DESC). Edit its 200 first. Otherwise in SQL one must enterhttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174979.aspx: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[table1] ( [Nom] [varchar](250) NULL, [Prénom] [varchar](250) NULL, [identifiant] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL) Filling the first columnshttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174335.aspx: INSERT INTO table1 VALUES ('Doe', 'Jane', 1), ('Doe', 'John', 2) To aim some other columns, the fields must be precised. For example, by filling the first name, the last name will be null: INSERT INTO table1 (First_name, id) VALUES ('Jane', 3) From another table: INSERT INTO table1 (First_name, id) SELECT First_name, ID FROM table2 Update: UPDATE table1 SET First_name = 'Janet' WHERE ID = 3 UPDATE table1 SET First_name = t2.First_name, Last_name = t2.Last_name FROM table1 t1 INNER JOIN table2 t2 on t1.ID = t2.ID_t1 Create an index The software PK abbreviation means "primary key". To create a foreign key, drop down the table, in the menu Keys, right click, new foreign key..., the list of all the table foreign keys appears in a small window (named by default "FK_..." for "foreign key"). In General, Tables and columns specification, click on "..." to select the table and its field to link. Add a unique id Normally each table should own at least one unique id (primary key). However, it's impossible to modify an existing column to attribute the property AUTOINCREMENT needed to such a key. So to add one: ALTER TABLE table1 ADD id int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1,1) PRIMARY KEY Copy a table The selection below clones a table with the same fields sizes: SELECT * INTO table2 FROM table1 Knowing that the table spt_values from the system database master contains a sequential field number, it becomes possible to generate tables with this counter: SELECT DISTINCT number FROM master.dbo.spt_values WHERE number BETWEEN 2 AND 10 Where: SELECT DISTINCT 'Line ' + convert(varchar, number, 112) as N into #BlankTable FROM master.dbo.spt_values WHERE number BETWEEN 2 AND 10 SELECT * from #BlankTable N Line 10 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Import a table From an array (Microsoft Excel Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc Calc) converted for example in Comma-separated values CSV encoded in PC DOS, to import it as a new tablehttps://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188365.aspx : CREATE TABLE Array_to_Table ( [Champ1] [varchar](500) NULL, [Champ2] [varchar](500) NULL, [Champ3] [varchar](500) NULL ) GO BULK INSERT Array_to_Table FROM 'C:\Users\superadmin\Desktop\Array1.csv' WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR = ';', ROWTERMINATOR = '\n' ) GO -- Displays the result SELECT * from Array_to_Table GO Delete a table To delete a whole table (data and structure): DROP TABLE table1 To truncate a table, that is to say to conserve only the headers and columns types, by removing all records: TRUNCATE TABLE table1 --or DELETE table1 To delete certain lines from a table: DELETE table1 WHERE Condition NB: by adding OUTPUT deleted.* before the WHERE, we get the deleted content instead of the deleted lines number.}} Research a table To research a table which we know the exact name, on all the server databases: sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ? IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N''[MyTable]'') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N''IsUserTable'') = 1) BEGIN PRINT ''Table found in the database: ?'' END' Research in all the tables SSMS 10 doesn't propose any research function, like one could find it in phpMyAdmin for MySQL for example. Table research This script passes through each database to return the tables which names contain the specified string of characters (at the end): ALTER Proc FindTable @TableName nVarchar(50) As /* Purpose : Search for a Table in all databases Author : Sandesh Segu Date : 17th July 2009 Version : 1.0 More Scripts : http://sanssql.blogspot.com */ ALTER Table #temp (DatabaseName varchar(50),SchemaName varchar(50),TableName varchar(50)) Declare @SQL Varchar(500) Set @SQL='Use [?] ; if exists(Select name from sys.tables where name like '''+@TableName+''') insert into #temp Select ''?'' AS DatabaseName ,SS.Name AS SchemaName ,ST.Name AS TableName from sys.tables as ST , sys.schemas SS where ST.Schema_ID=SS.Schema_ID and ST.name like '''+@TableName+'''' EXEC sp_msforeachdb @SQL Select * from #temp Drop table #temp GO /* Usage: If the exact table name is known then specify the table name else include the wild cards EXEC FindTable 'Employee'*/ EXEC FindTable '%String of characters to research%' Research a value A field value research in all the tables take a few timehttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/591853/search-for-a-string-in-an-all-the-tables-rows-and-columns-of-a-db: CREATE TABLE #result( id INT IDENTITY, tblName VARCHAR(255), colName VARCHAR(255), qtRows INT ) go DECLARE @toLookFor VARCHAR(255) SET @toLookFor = '%String of characters%' DECLARE cCursor CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD FOR SELECT '[' + usr.name + '].[' + tbl.name + ']' AS tblName, '[' + col.name + ']' AS colName, LOWER(typ.name) AS typName FROM sysobjects tbl INNER JOIN( syscolumns col INNER JOIN systypes typ ON typ.xtype = col.xtype ) ON col.id = tbl.id -- LEFT OUTER JOIN sysusers usr ON usr.uid = tbl.uid WHERE tbl.xtype = 'U' AND LOWER(typ.name) IN( 'char', 'nchar', 'varchar', 'nvarchar', 'text', 'ntext' ) ORDER BY tbl.name, col.colorder -- DECLARE @tblName VARCHAR(255) DECLARE @colName VARCHAR(255) DECLARE @typName VARCHAR(255) DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000) DECLARE @crlf CHAR(2) SET @crlf = CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) OPEN cCursor FETCH cCursor INTO @tblName, @colName, @typName WHILE @@fetch_status = 0 BEGIN IF @typName IN('text', 'ntext') BEGIN SET @sql = '' SET @sql = @sql + 'INSERT INTO #result(tblName, colName, qtRows)' + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'SELECT @tblName, @colName, COUNT(*)' + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'FROM ' + @tblName + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'WHERE PATINDEX(''%'' + @toLookFor + ''%'', ' + @colName + ') > 0' + @crlf END ELSE BEGIN SET @sql = '' SET @sql = @sql + 'INSERT INTO #result(tblName, colName, qtRows)' + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'SELECT @tblName, @colName, COUNT(*)' + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'FROM ' + @tblName + @crlf SET @sql = @sql + 'WHERE ' + @colName + ' LIKE ''%'' + @toLookFor + ''%''' + @crlf END EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql, N'@tblName varchar(255), @colName varchar(255), @toLookFor varchar(255)', @tblName, @colName, @toLookFor FETCH cCursor INTO @tblName, @colName, @typName END SELECT * FROM #result WHERE qtRows > 0 ORDER BY id GO DROP TABLE #result go References