Old English/1st reading: David's feats

right|thumb|A slow reading of this passage Note that grammatical suffixes have been bolded, to help easy identification. This reading is from Ælfric. The spelling has been slightly normalized. Reading Saul hātte sē forma cyning þe ofer godes folc rīxode Sē ƿæs tō cyninġe āhafen sƿȳðor for folces ġecorennysse⁠ þonne ðurh godes rǣd. Fela ōðre cyningas⁠ rīxodon ǣr ġeond ealne middaneard ofer hǣðenum lēodum · ac ofer israhēla folc þe on god belȳfde næs nān eorðliċ cyning ǣr ðan þe saul sƿā sƿā hī sylfe ġecuron ofer hī cynerīċe underfēng · Sē bēah hrædlīċe fram þæs ælmihtigan godes ƿillan⁠ and nolde be his ƿissunge and be his ƿitegan lāre faran · and sē yfela gāst hine drehte mid deofollicum stiċelsum · and on unġeƿitte his mōd āƿende · Þā forseah sē ælmihtiga god þone saul æt nēxtan ·⁠ and hine of his rīċe āƿearp be his āgenum ġeƿyrhtum · and ġeċēas him tō cyninġe þone cēnan dauid · Sē ðe būtan ƿǣpnum ġeƿylde ðā lēon · and þæs beran ċeaflas tōbræc mid his handum · and āhredde þæt ġelæhte sċēp of his sċearpum tōðum · Hē ofƿearp ēac syððan þone sƿȳþlican ent⁠ · goliam þone gramlican þe godes naman hyrƿde · and mid ġebēote clypode bysmor godes folce · ġearu tō ānƿīġe mid ormettre ƿǣpnunge · Hƿæt; þā dauid ēode tōġēanes þām ente ·⁠ and ofƿearp mid his liþeran þone ġelēaflēasan ent · būfon ðām ēagan þæt hē bēah tō eorðan · Ġelǣhte þā of ðām ente his āgen sƿurd ·⁠ and his ormǣte hēafod mid þām of āslōh · and hæfde ðā ġeƿunnen sīġe his lēode · Vocabulary Note that for the purposes of alphabetic listing, the prefix "ġe-" is not accounted for. If you cannot find a word beginning with "ġe-" in the g section, go at the section of the first letter following "ġe-". ac (conj) -- but āhebban (s6) -- to lift up; to elevate; "tō cyninġe āhebban" - "to elevate to king" āhreddan (w1) -- to save, rescue and (conj) -- and āƿendan (w1) -- to change āƿearp -- singular preterite indicative of "āƿeorpan" āƿeorpan (s3) -- to throw out, get rid of, dispose of ælmihtiġ (aj) -- almighty ǣr (av)- before, previously; already; (conj) before ǣr þan þe (conj) -- before æt nēxtan (av phrase) -- next, next thing be (prep) -- (+dat) by means of; by, beside, by the side of; concerning, about, with regards to belīfan (w1) -- to believe, to trust, to have faith; "belīfan on (+acc)" - "to believe in" bera (wm) -- bear būgan (s2) -- to bend, to turn būtan (prep) -- (+dat) without ċeafl (sm) -- jaw ġeċēas -- singular preterite indicative of "ġeċēosan" cēne (aj) -- bold, fierce, brave ġeċēosan (s2) -- to choose, to select, to make a choice ġecorennness (sf) -- choice, choosing cynerīċe (sn) -- kingdom cyning (sm; gen: cyninġes; dat: cyninġe) -- king deofolliċ (aj) -- demonic, devilish dreċċan (w1) -- to torment eall (aj) -- all eorðliċ (aj) -- earthly, of this world faran (s6) -- to go, to proceed fela (indec aj) -- many folc (sn) -- people forma (ord) -- first forseah -- see "forsēon" forsēon (s5) -- to overlook, neglect, reject gāst (sm) -- spirit, ghost ġeond (prep) -- (+acc) throughout god (sm) -- God hātan (s7b) -- to call, to command; to be called. NOTE: the passive form "to be called", takes an additional -t-: Saul hātte - "(He) was called Saul". This is an archaic feature only present in hātan. hǣðen (aj) -- heathen, pagan hē (3prs sg pron) -- he; it (referring to grammatically masculine non-living objects) hine -- accusative of "hē" him -- dative of "hē" hrædlīċe (av) -- quickly, soon israhēlas (sm pl) -- the Israelites, Israel lār (sf) -- teaching, instruction ġelæċċan (w1) -- to catch, seize ġelæht -- past participle of "ġelæċċan" lēo (wm) -- lion lēod (sf) -- nation, people(-group) middaneard (sm) -- the earth, the world mōd (sn) -- mind nān (aj) -- not any, no, none (West Saxon dialect) næs (contraction) -- "ne ƿæs" - "was not": SEE "ƿesan" and "ne" ne (av) -- (before verbs, NOT before adjectives or nouns) not; (conj) nor nolde (contraction) -- "ne ƿolde" - "did not want": SEE "ƿillan" and "ne" of (prep) -- (+dat) from, out of; from (place of origin) ofer (prep) -- (+dat) over on (prep acc/dat) -- (with acc) marking object of thought; (with dat) in, on, into rīċe (sn) -- kingdom, empire, state; rulership rīxian (w2) -- to rule saul (sm) -- Saul, king of Israel sċēp (sn) -- sheep sċearp (aj) -- sharp sē (article) -- the, that sē þe (rel pron) -- who, he who stiċels (sm) -- goad, thorn sƿā (conj) -- as, of the same degree, like; "sƿā sƿā" - "just like", "just as" sƿīðor (av) -- more sylf (aj) -- self, (him/her/etc)-self; NOTE: could be used either reflexively with the suitable personal pronoun, or emphatically. When it followed a noun or a pronoun, it could be declined strong: "hī sylfe" - "they themselves". tō (prep) -- (+dat) to; as (denoting fulfilment of a role) tōbrecan (s4) -- to break apart tōð (sm i-mut) -- tooth þā (av) -- then (referring to a specific instance), on that occasion þonne (conj) - than (in comparatives) þe (rel pron) -- which, who, that. NOTE: Used to introduce relative clauses "the person who did that" - "sē mann þe dyde þæt" þurh (prep) -- (+acc) by, by means of underfōn (s7) -- to accept; "cynerīċe underfēng" -- "(he) accepted (the) (rule of the) kingdom" unġeƿitt (sn) -- insanity, senselessness ƿesan (irregv) -- to be ƿilla (wm) -- will, desire ƿillan (irreg vaux) -- to want, to desire, to wish (to do) ƿissung (sf) -- instruction, guidance ƿītega (wm) -- prophet, wise man, soothsayer ġeƿyrht (sn) -- work, deed ġeƿyldan (w1) -- to subdue, to conquer, take power over yfel (aj) -- bad, evil