Fortran/parallel processing

Fortran Parallelism is included in the Fortran 2008 standard. To use parallel features, a Fortran program must be compiled with parallelism enabled. For example, the Intel ifort compiler uses the flag -coarray. Images Fortran uses a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model for parallelism. For each processor, the program is executed as a separate duplicate "image" of the program, each with their own separate memory partition. Consider the following program:program hello implicit none write (*,*) 'Hello from ', this_image(), 'of', num_images() end program helloThe intrinsic function this_image returns the number of the image that is being executed, and the intrinsic function num_images returns the total number of images for the program. If the program is compiled and executed with 4 processors, the output might look something like this:Hello from image 1 of 4 Hello from image 4 of 4 Hello from image 2 of 4 Hello from image 3 of 4Note that the images are executed asynchronously and so the output may not appear in the order 1, 2, 3 then 4. Coarrays Coarrays are a way of communicating data in arrays across images. A coarray is just like a normal array but it has extra codimensions for each image. Codimensions can be declared and indexed using the square brackets []. For example to declare a rank 1 coarray with size of 10 and a codimension of size 4:real :: coarr(10)[4] ! Or you can use declaration attributes to do the same thing real, dimension (10), codimension [4] :: another_coarrScalar variables can also be coarrays:integer :: scalar[*]Here, * denotes the maximum number of available processors. The codimensions can have multiple axes just like normal dimensions, however, there is a limit of rank 15 for codimensions. Transferring data between images is as simple as indexing on the codimensions.! Set all images to 1 coarr = 1 ! Indexing another_coarr(3)[4] = coarr(3)[3]