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Lombard/Subject personal pronouns
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Subject personal pronouns
Lombard has two types of personal subject pronouns: strong subject pronouns and weak subject pronouns (or redundant subjects).
Strong subject pronouns can be omitted.
Weak subject pronouns are usually always obligatory for the 2nd and 3rd person singular in all dialects, while for other persons they are obligatory depending on the dialect.
Their use in sentence construction is explained in the module on sentence construction.
Strong subjects
Western Lombard
Dialect►►►Englishlanguage1^sing mi mi mi menmi memiI2^singtitetitatitititiyou3^masc singlululululululululu lululuhe3^fem singleeleeleeleeleeleeleeleeleeleeleeleeshe1^plunumnunnunchnoeugnnumnunchnoeugnnumnunnungn we2^pluvialtervioltervialtar violtarvioltarviolterviotriyou3^masc plu lorlorlorloilorlorthey3^fem plu * loreloreloreloilorelorethey
Eastern Lombard
Dialect►►►Englishlanguage1^singmememeI2^singteteteyou3^masc singlulululuhe3^fem singleeleeleeleeshe1^plunoternoternoalterwe2^pluvus(mas.)voter/(fem.)votrevoalteryou3^masc plu lorlurlorthey3^fem plu * lorelurelorethey
Alpine Lombard
Dialect►►►English language1^singmimiI2^singtitiyou3^masc singlulululululuhe3^fem singleeleeleeleeleeleelei1^plunumnoaltrinioltarwe2^pluvoaltrivioltaryou3^plu masc lorlorthey3^plu fem * lorelorethey
* the difference between “lor” and “lore” is often only graphic in New Lombard Orthography because in most dialects there is no difference in pronunciation between masculine and feminine
Weak subjects
They are indicated in brackets when they are not mandatory.
Dialect►►►1^sing(a)(a)ma(a)a(a)ma((me it is used only before the reflexive pronoun “se”))2^singteteat / ‘ttatateatìtetetotatetate3^masc singel / l'el / l'el /l'al / l'el / l'alel /l'el / l'al / l'al / l' / 'lel / l'al / l'el / l'3^fem singla /l'la /l'la / l'laala / al'la / l'la / l'la / l'la / l'la / l'1^plu(a)(a)(a)aen / onam / anan2^plu(a)(a)ii(a)((ve it is used only before the reflexive pronoun se))3^plu(i)/(a)iiiiiiiiiiiuniversal *(a)(al)outside Milanul - not usedaaa - not useda
* The universal pronoun is used for the impersonal form and sometimes takes the place of the weak third person singular pronoun in the particular cases described about the construction of the sentence. (in brackets the cases in which it is not mandatory)
Note