Wildlife Gardening/Location/West Virginia/Lepidoptera

Family Hesperiidae (skippers) Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies) Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies) Family Papilionidae (swallowtails) Family Pieridae Family Riodinidae Family Hesperiidae (skippers) Achalarus Achalarus lyciades (hoary edge) Desmodium- preferred Baptisia tinctoria- possible Lespedeza- possible Nectar et al: Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Apocynum Asclepias syriaca All pref^ Lonicera japonica Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Amblyscirtes Amblyscirtes hegon (pepper and salt skipper) Glyceria striata Poa pratensis Sorghastrum nutans Uniola latifolia Nectar et al: Viburnum Rubus Erigeron soil dung Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Amblyscirtes vialis (common roadside-skipper) Poa Uniola latifolia Agrostis Cynodon dactylon Nectar et al: low flowers Viola pedata Phlox Potentilla Verbena hastata Prunella vulgaris Draba Blephilia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Anatrytone Anatrytone logan (Delaware skipper) Andropogon Panicum virgatum Possibly other grasses Nectar et al: prefs white or pink flowrs Asclepias Cephalanthus occidentalis Mentha Cirsium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Ancyloxypha Ancyloxypha numitor (least skipper) Leersia oryzoides Poa Nectar et al: low plants w small flowers Oxalis Cichorium Trifolium Apocynum Cephalanthus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Atalopedes Atalopedes campestris (sachem) Digitaria- pref Eleusine indica- pref Cynodon dactylon Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium Mentha Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Atrytonopsis Atrytonopsis hianna (dusted skipper) Andropogon scoparius-pref Andropogon gerardii Nectar et al: Trif red and white Fragaria Rubus Phlox Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Autochton Autochton cellus (golden-banded skipper) Amphicarpa bactreata Nectar et al: Apocynum Rubus Hydrangea arborescens Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Epargyreus Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper) Robinia pseudoacacia- young shoots, preferred host Gleditsia triacanthos Desmodium Apios americana Lespedeza Pueraria lobata Nectar et al: prefs pink red or purp flowers and white to lessr degre prefs: Vernonia Eupatorium Trifolium Apocynum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis E baptisiae Baptisia tinctoria preferred Coronilla varia B australis Lupinus Nectar et al: Apocynum Rubus Trif red white Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis brizo (sleepy duskywing) Quercus ilicifolia- preferred other Q species less preferred Castanea dentata Nectar et al: soil Vaccinium Rhododendron Cercis canadensis Rubus Taraxacum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis horatius (Horace's duskywing) Quecus rubra- preferred Q ilicifolia- preferred Q stellata- preferred other white oaks Nectar et al: prefs white yellow flowers Apocynum Mentha Cephalanthus occidentalis Solidago Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis icelus (dreamy duskywing) Salix Populus possibly Robinia Nectar et al: Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Fragaria Claytonia Vicia Viola pedata Rubus Brassica Apocynum Daucus carota Rudbeckia hirta Erynnis juvenalis (Juvenal's duskywing) Quercus alba preferred other Q species both white and red Nectar et al: Vicia Viola pedata Potentilla Claytonia Prunus Cercis canadensis Elaeagnus umbellata Crataegus Rubus Vaccinium ^pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis lucilius (columbine duskywing) Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia vulgaris Nectar et al: prefs pink white yellow flowers Phlox Viola Arenaria Draba Blephilia Hieracium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis martialis (mottled duskywing) Ceanothus americanus other C species Nectar et al: Houstonia Lithospermum Apocynum Ceanothus americanus soil and dung and carrion Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erynnis persius (persius duskywing) Willow Aspen Lupinus Baptisia tinctoria Nectar et al: low early spring flowers Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euphyes Euphyes bimacula (two-spotted skipper) Carex spp Carex stricta Nectar et al: Asclepias incarnata Vernonia Spiraea Lyonia lygustrina Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euphyes conspicua (black dash) Carex spp Carex stricta- pref Nectar et al: large wetland flowering plants Asclepias incarnata Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euphyes vestris (dun skipper) Carex Carex stricta Cyperus spp Nectar et al: pref white pink or purple flowers all pref: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Mentha Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Hesperia Hesperia leonardus (Leonard's skipper) Panicum- preferred Danthonia spicata- pref Agrostis- pref Andropogon Poa Nectar et al: Liatris pref purple or pink flowers Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Aster-pref Cirsium-pref Dipsacus-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Hesperia metea (cobweb skipper) Andropogon scoparius- pref Andropogon gerardii other A species Nectar et al: Viola pedata Claytonia Fragaria Trifolium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Hesperia sassacus (Indian skipper) Panicum- preferred Andropogon scoparius- pref Festuca rubra- pref Poa Danthonia spicata Nectar et al: Lamium Hieracium orange and yellow Lithospermum Phlox Echium vulgare Rubus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Hylephila Hylephila phyleus (fiery skipper) Digitaria-preferred Agrostis- preferred Cynodon dactylon Nectar et al: Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Eupatorium Centaurea Aster Tagetes Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Lerema Lerema accius (clouded skipper) Erianthus alopecuroides Echinochloa- possible Nectar et al: Cephalanthus occidentalis Prunella vulgaris Verbena Trifolium Tagetes Buddleja Liatris Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Nastra Nastra lherminier (swarthy skipper) Andropogon scoparius Poa other grasses Nectar et al: low growing flowers pref fav colors white pink or blue Mentha Vicia Trif red white Desmodium Ceanothus americanus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Panoquina Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper) Saccharum spp- pref Poaceae Leersia oryzoides Nectar et al: Cephalanthus occidentalis-pref Asclepias-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pholisora Pholisora catullus (common sootywing) Chenopodium album- preferred Amaranthus- occasion Celosia- occasion Nectar et al: Trifolium Apocynum Oxalis Mentha Asclepias Cucurbita Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Poanes Poanes hobomok (Hobomok skipper) Panicum preferred Panicum microcarpon- pref Panicum clandestinum- normal Poa Andropogon scoparium Danthonia spicata Leersia oryzoides Nectar et al: Rubus Ligustrum Asclepias Echium vulgare Lamium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 P zabulon Triodia flava- pref Eragrostis- pref Panicum microcarpon Leersia virginica Poa Nectar et al: Lonicera japonica Ligustrum Rubus Cephalanthus occidentalis Vicia Vernonia Viola Asclepias Trifolium Eupatorium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polites Polites mystic (long dash skipper) Poa Nectar et al: Asclepias Desmodium Kalmia latifolia Hieracium Apocynum Trifolium pratense Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polites origenes (crossline skipper) Glyceria medicaria Poa Andropogon scoparius Triodia flava Carex scabrata other c species Nectar et al: Apocynum Vicia Trifolium Ironweed Asclepias Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polites peckius (Peck's skipper) Leersia oryzoides Poa rice cutgrass Nectar et al: red clover- pref Apocynum Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Vernonia Vicia Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Echium vulgare Verbena hastata Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polites themistocles (tawny-edged skipper) Panicum- preferred esp small species Panicum microcarpon chck size Poa Glyceria Carex scabrata other c species Nectar et al: Apocynum Trifolium Cirsium Asclepias Echium vulgare Cichorium intybus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polites vibex (whirlabout) Paspalum setaceum- pref Paspalum spp possible Panic grasses poss Nectar et al: Erigeron Apocynum Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pompeius Pompeius verna (little glassywing) Triodia flava- pref Nectar et al: white pink purple flowers preffed Asclepias Apocynum Mentha Vernonia Echium vulgare ^ all pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pyrgus Pyrgus centaureae (grizzled skipper) Potentilla canadensis- preferred Fragaria- preferred other Cinquefoils Nectar et al: low flowers Potentilla canadensis Fragaria spp Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox subulata Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pyrgus communis (common checkered-skipper) Malva Abutilon theophrasti Althaea Sida Nectar et al: small white flowers Erigeron-pref Aster-pref Trifolium Desmodium Centaurea Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Staphylus Staphylus hayhurstii (Hayhurst's Scallopwing) Chenopodium album Nectar et al: Trifolium Apocynum Mentha Polygonum Tagetes Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Thorybes Thorybes bathyllus (southern cloudywing) Desmodium Lespedeza Strophostyles helvola Phaseolus polystachios Apios americana Clitoria mariana Amphicarpa bactreata Astragalus canadensis Nectar et al: Apocynum Asclepias syriaca Trifolium pratense Coronilla varia Echium vulgare Eupatorium Vernonia Thorybes confusis (confused cloudywing) Possibly Lespedeza and Desmodium Nectar et al: Apocynum Trifolium pratense Asclepias Vicia Lonicera Cirsium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Thorybes pylades (northern cloudywing) Desmodium- preferred Lespedeza- preferred Trifolium Medicago Vicia Nectar et al: Trifolium pratense Apocynum Asclepias Vicia Lonicera japonica Cirsium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Thymelicus Thymelicus lineola (European skipper) Dactylis glomerata Holcus lanatus Phleum pratense other grasses Nectar et al: Trifolium pratense-pref Erigeron Chrys leuc Hieracium Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Trifolium repens Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Urbanus Urbanus proteus (long-tailed skipper) Desmodium Amphicarpa bactreata Phaseolus Clitoria mariana Wisteria Nectar et al: composites Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Wallengrenia Wallengrenia egeremet (northern broken dash) Panicum pref Panicum clandestinum- preferred Panicum virgatum- preferred Nectar et al: prefs purple pink white flowers Trifolium red white Centaurea Ceanothus americanus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies) Atlides Atlides halesus (great purple hairstreak) Phoradendron flavescens male flowers and leaves Nectar et al: Solidago Clethra acuminata Aralia spinosa Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys Callophrys augustinus (brown elfin) Heaths Vaccinium spp Gaulussacia brachyceral Nectar et al: Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Elaeagnus umbellata Gaylussacia Phlox Barbarea vulgaris Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys irus (frosted elfin) Lupinus perennis-pref Baptisia tinctoria-pref esp in WV Nectar et al: Lupinus Rubus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys gryneus (juniper hairstreak) Juniperus virginiana Nectar et al spring Claytonia Phlox Viola pedata Lepidium campestre Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis summer Asclepias Apocynum Melilotus alba Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys henrici (Henry's elfin) variable by location Cercis canadensis-pref in WV Ilex opaca Vaccinium spp Gaylussacia spp Nectar et al: Cercis canadensis Erigeron puddle Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys niphon (eastern pine elfin) Pinus virginiana-pref esp young trees P rigida P echinata P sylvestris Nectar et al: Phlox Taraxacum Potentilla canadensis Comandra umbellata Vaccinium Rubus Cercis canadensis Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Callophrys polios (hoary elfin) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi-pref Epigaea repens Nectar et al: Vaccinium Salix Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Calycopis Calycopis cecrops (red-banded hairstreak) Rhus typhina R copallina leaf detritus-pref Lactuca sativa var crispa- pref Nectar et al Rhus Apocynum Prunus serotina Rubus Asclepias Ellaeagnus umbellata Ceanothus americanus Achillea Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Celastrina Celastrina ladon (spring azure) Type I and lucia auctorum cornus florida flowers black cherry fruit Violacea type II black cherry leaf galls from eriophyid mites Neglecta uses flower buds of ceanothus americana cimicifuga racemosa Rhus glabra Spiraea spp Actinomeris alternifolia Females will lay eggs on the buds of the following, but the caterpillars won't survive Hydrangea arborescens Sambucus spp Viburnum spp Nectar et al: Malus Prunus Prunus serotina Amelanchier Cercis canadensis Viburnum Lindera benzoin Rubus Late spring and summer: Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Ligustrum Asclepias Melilotus officinalis M alba Males puddle and scavenge carrion Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Celastrina neglectamajor (Appalachian azure) Cimicfuga racemosa Nectar et al: Rubus pref Viburnum Males puddle Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Celastrina nigra (dusky azure) Aruncus dioicus Nectar et al: females drink more nectar males drink from soil Cercis canadensis Geranium Dentaria Claytonia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Cupido Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue) Fabaceae Lespedeza spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref T arvense medicago sativa Vicia spp Desmodium spp Melilotus officinalis Nectar et al: plants w short corollas Potentilla Barbarea vulgaris Melilotus alba Trifolium red a white Apocynum Mentha Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Erora Erora laeta (early hairstreak) fagus grandifolia fruits corylus spp fruits Betula spp catkins Salix spp Nectar et al: Claytonia Erigeron Achillea Chrys leuc Daucus carota Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Asclepias tuberosa females drink at puddles Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Benefactor taxa for monarchs Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. Feniseca Feniseca tarquinius (harvester) Aphids: Prociphilus Melirhizophagus Neoprociphilus Schizoneura Pemphigus Aphid host plants: Alnus spp Hamamelis virginiana Fagus spp Fraxinus spp Crataegus spp Acer saccharinum Smilax spp Nectar et al: aphid honeydew moist soil animal dung Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Glaucopsyche Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue) Vicia caroliniana-pref Lathyrus venosus other vetches Nectar et al: Cercis canadensis Vicia caroliniana Claytonia Potentilla composites Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Lycaena Lycaena epixanthe (bog copper) Vaccinium oxycoccos V macrocarpon Nectar et al: cranberry flowers Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper) Rumex verticillatus-pref R cripus-pref Polygonum spp Nectar et al males don't drink as much nectar as females Trifolium Rubus Chrys leuc Eupatorium Apocynum Polygonum Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Lycaena phlaeas (American copper) Rumex acetosella- pref R crispus- non Nectar et al: Ranunculus Potentilla canadensis Chrys leuc Trifolium Achillea Asclepias Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Parrhasius Parrhasius m-album (white M hairstreak) Quercus alba-pref Tilia spp Nectar et al: Asclepias Eupatorium Cornus Viburnum Rhus Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus serotina Solidago Apocynum Rubus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium Satyrium calanus (banded hairstreak) Quercus alba Q prinus Juglans nigra J cinerea Carya spp Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Achillea Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Sambucus canadensis Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium caryaevorum (hickory hairstreak) Carya cordiformis C glabra C ovata Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Cirsium Daucus carota Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Ceanothus americanus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium edwardsii (Edwards' hairstreak) Quercus ilicifolia- pref Q marilandica Q velutina Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Rhus typhina Solidago Melilotus alba Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium favonius (southern hairstreak) Quercus alba Q stellata Q velutina Q rubra Q ilicifolia-poss Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Vaccinium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium liparops (striped hairstreak) Ericaceae Rosaceae Vaccinium spp Rhododendron calendulaceum Prunus serotina Crataegus spp Amelanchier spp Rubus spp Pyrus spp Malus spp Carpinus caroliniana Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Rhus typhina Ceanothus americanus Viburnum Solidago Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrium titus (coral hairstreak) Prunus serotina-pref P virginiana Rosaceae- poss Nectar et al: Asclepias-pref A tuberosa- pref Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Melilotus alba Achillea Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Benefactor taxa for monarchs Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. Strymon Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak) Fabaceae Malvaceae Lespedeza spp Desmodium spp Vicia spp Trifolium spp Malva spp Phaseolus spp Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis Cirsium Solidago Mentha Melilotus alba Trifolium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies) Aglais Aglais milberti (Milbert's tortoiseshell) Urtica dioica U gracilis Nectar et al: Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Aster also ferm fruit damp soil probably sap Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Asterocampa Asterocampa celtis (hackberry emperor) Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis Nectar et al: sap rotting fruit dung carrion moist soil ans Sweat salt Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperor) Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis Nectar et al: soil dung rotting fruit tree sap rarely milkweed Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Boloria Boloria bellona (meadow fritillary) Viola soraria V papilionacea Nectar et al: esp composites Achillea millefolium Daucus carota Chrys leuc Taraxacum offinale Apocynum Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Cirsium Vernonia Solidago Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Boloria selene (silver-bordered fritillary) Viola cucullata V pallens V striata V primulifolia V papilionacea Nectar et al: Apocynum Asclepias Vernonia Achillea millefolium Chrys leuc Trif pratense Mentha Solidago Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Cercyonis Cercyonis pegala (common wood-nymph) c p pegala Danthonia spicata Triodia flava Andropogon spp Poa spp Nectar et al: prefs sap ferm fruit dung Asclepias Chrysanthemum leuc Rudbeckia hirta Daucus carota Trifolium Dipsacus Vernonia Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa SUBSPECIES c pegala nephele host is "grasses" Nectar et al: sap ferm fruit moist soil reg Chrys leuc Asclepias Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Chlosyne Chlosyne gorgone (gorgone checkerspot) Helianthus Ambrosia Lysimachia Nectar et al: yellow composites preferred Solidago Coreopsis reg Melilotus alba Asclepias Erigeron Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Chlosyne harrisii (Harris' checkerspot) Aster umbellatus Nectar et al: Erigeron Hieracium Chrys leuc Taraxacum officinale Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Chlosyne nycteis (silvery checkerspot) Verbesina alternifolia- pref Helianthus spp H tuberosus H. strumosus Aster puniceus Nectar et al: Apocynum Asclepias Erigeron Barbarea vulgaris Trifolium Taraxacum officinale Cirsium arvense Pastinaca sativa Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Cyllopsis Cyllopsis gemma (gemmed satyr) Cynodon dactylon Nectar et al: damp soil dung fungi tree sap fermenting fruit Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Danaus Enodia Enodia anthedon (northern pearly-eye) Leersia virginica Panicum spp Hystrix patula Uniola latifolia Erianthus alopecuroides Brachyelytrum erectum Nectar et al: prefs willow sap ferm fruit dung carrion fungi damp soil Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euphydryas Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore checkerspot) Chelone glabra- pref Plantago lanceolata Viburnum recognitum Pedicularis canadensis Lonicera japonica Aureolaria flava other A spp Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Chrys leuc Trifolium Rudbeckia hirta Viburnum puddle also dung Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euptoieta Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary) Viola- pref cultivated pansies-pref Podophyllum peltatum Sedum spp. Portulaca spp Menispermum spp Desmodium spp Nectar et al: prefs: Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Vernonia Eupatorium Aster red white clover reg: Mentha Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Hermeuptychia Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina satyr) Poa spp Poa pratensis Cynodon dactylon Nectar et al: sap ferm frut dung puddle Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Junonia Junonia coenia (common buckeye) Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Acanthaceae Plantago lanceolata- pref P rugelii- pref Linaria vulgaris-pref Aureolaria spp Agalinis spp Ruellia spp Nectar et al: Daucus carota Helianthus Aster Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Libytheana Libytheana carinenta (American snout) Celtis occidentalis C tenuifolia Nectar et al: like 2 puddle reg Apocynum Solidago Aster Daucus carota Rubus Asclepias Eupatorium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Limenitis Limenitis archippus (viceroy) Salix spp- pref Populus tremuloides- pref P alba- nonpref P deltoides- non P nigra- non Nectar et al: prefs dung carrion fermenting fruit moist sand soil reg Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Dipsacus Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple) Prunus serotina P virginiana Amelanchier spp Populus grandidentata P tremuloides P alba P deltoides Pyrus malus Quercus velutina Quercus ilicifolia Salix spp Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Nectar et al: prefs sap ferm fruit damp soil dung carrion nonpref Prunus serotina Viburnum Cornus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Megisto Megisto cymela (little wood satyr) Poa spp Dactylis glomerata Nectar et al: prefs sap fermenting fruit fungi aphid honey dew dung wet soil non pref: Asclepias Chrys leuc Melilotus alba Rubus spp Viburnum spp Rhus typhina Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Nymphalis Nymphalis antiopa (mourning cloak) Salix nigra- pref S babylonica- pref Ulmus americanus Populus tremuloides P grandidentata Celtis spp Late instar Quercus ilicifolia Nectar et al: tree sap rotting fruit rarely: Asclepias Apocybum Ceanothus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Nymphalis vaualbum (Compton tortoiseshell) Populus spp Salix spp Betula spp Nectar et al: prefs rotting fruit sap moist soil Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Phyciodes Phyciodes batesii (tawny crescent) Aster undulatus A simplex Nectar et al: variety of june bloomers Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Phyciodes cocyta (northern crescent) slash selenis Compositae Aster simplex Nectar et al: Apocynum Erigeron Trifolium repens Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent) Many Compositae Aster simplex A pilosus A laevis A novae-angliae Nectar et al: almost any flower, esp if flat prefs Taraxacum officinale Hieracium Chrysanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Asclepias Apocybum Aster Achillea millefolium Solidago Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polygonia Polygonia comma (eastern comma) Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica Laportea canadensis Ulmus spp Humulus spp Celtis- nonpref Nectar et al: moist soil tree sap rotting fruit dung carrion rare Eupatorium Rubus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polygonia faunus (green comma) Salix Betula Alnus Ribes- poss Nectar et al: damp soil tree sap rotten fruit dung carrion flower nectar Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polygonia interrogationis (question mark) Ulmus spp- pref Celtis spp- pref Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica Nectar et al: prefs rotting fruit tree sap dung carrion damp soil reg Asclepias Aster Cornus Trifolium pratense Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Polygonia progne (gray comma) Ribes rotundifolia- pref Ulmus- non Rhododendron nudiflorum Nectar et al: prefs sap ferm fruit dung Arctium minus Dipsacus Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrodes Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian brown) Carex lacustris C stricta- pref Glyceria striata Nectar et al: prefs Sap Ferm fruit rotting fungi dung Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Satyrodes eurydice (eyed brown) Carex lacustris C lupulina C stricta C bromoides C trichocarpa Nectar et al: prefs Sap ferm fruit fungi reg: Asclepias incarnata Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Speyeria Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite fritillary) Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata Nectar et al: prefs: Asclepias Arctium Eupatorium Vernonia Apocynum Cirsium Echium vulgare Chrysanthemum Pycnanthemum flexuosum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis fritillary) Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V blanda V pennsylvanica V canadensis V striata Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum Spiraea Arctium Chrys leuc Achillea millefolium Erigeron Trifolium pratense Mentha Prunella vulgaris Monarda clinopodia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Speyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary) Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata Nectar et al: prefs Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Pycnanthemum flexuosum regular: Trifolium Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Speyeria diana (diana fritillary) Viola Nectar et al: Asclepias syriaca-pref A tuberosa-peef A incarnata-pref Cirsium- pref Monarda fistulosa Eupatorium Vernonia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Benefactor taxa for monarchs Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. Speyeria idalia (regal fritillary) Viola Nectar et al: Jul Asc syriaca A incarnata A tuberosa Aug-sep Vernonia Eupatorium Cirsium Aster Eupatorium perfoliatum-nonpref Trifolium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Benefactor taxa for monarchs Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. Vanessa Vanessa atalanta (red admiral) Urtica dioica- pref U gracilis-pref Boehmeria cylindrica Parietaria pensylvanica Laportea canadensis Nectar et al: sap-pref ferm fruit-pref dung-pref carrion-pref cirsium Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium pratense Chrys leuc Daucus carota Syringa Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Vanessa cardui (painted lady) Cirsium spp- pref Asteraceae Malvaceae Althaea spp- pref Malva neglecta Boraginaceae Fabaceae cultivated Artemisia Nectar et al: esp fond of composites Cirsium vernonia Eupatorium Asclepias Trifolium pratense Aster Zinnia Tagetes Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Vanessa virginiensis (American painted lady) Antennaria spp A neglecta A viginica A plantaginifolia Anaphalis margaritacea Gnaphalium spp Nectar et al: Asclepias Apocynum red clover white clover Cirsium Taraxacum officinale Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Solidago Aster Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Family Papilionidae (swallowtails) Battus Battus philenor (pipevine swallowtail) Aristolochia macrophylla- pref A serpentaria Nectar et al: Pink and purple flowers pref Phlox Asclepias Eupatorium Vernonia Cirsium Lilium superbum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Papilio Papilio canadensis (Canadian tiger swallowtail) Liriodendron tulipifera- activeley toxic Populus tremuloides P. grandidentata Betula spp. Prunus serotina Nectar et al: males puddle same as eastern tiger Nectar et al: Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Papilio cresphontes (giant swallowtail) Zanthoxylum americanum Z clava-herculis Ptelea trifoleata Citrus spp Nectar et al: Asclepias, especially small woodland species Solidago Saponaria officinalis Lonicera japonica Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail) Liriodendron tulipifera- pref Prunus serotina- pref Fraxinus-poss Lindera benzoin-poss Syringa vulgaris-poss Ptelea trifoliata-poss Nectar et al: Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail) Umbelliferae Daucus carota D c var. sativa Anethum graveolens Petroselinum crispum Ruta graveolens Nectar et al: Trifolium Asclepias Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail) Sassafras albidum-pref Lindera benzoin-pref Liriodendron tulipifera- poss Zanthoxylum americanum- poss Nectar et al: can use long tubed flowers Lonicera japonica-pref Impatiens-pref Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Rhododendron Albizia julibrissin Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Protographium Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtail) Asamina triloba Nectar et al: males like to puddle Rubus Apocynum Cercis canadensis Asclepias Echium vulgare Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Family Pieridae Anthocharis Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip) Cardamine spp Arabis laevigata A serotina A glabra Alliaria officinalis Lepidium campestre Dentaria laciniata other mustard fam spp Nectar et al: Claytonia Viola pedata Cardamine hirsuta Lepidium Dentaria Arabis Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Colias Colias eurytheme (orange sulphur) Medicago sativa- pref Trifolium repens T spp Melilotus alba-non Baptisia-non Coronilla varia-non Vicia spp.-non other leg-non Nectar et al: non-deep tubed Taraxacum Aster Trifolium-pref Mentha-pref Chrysanthemum-pref Dipsacus-pref Solidago-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Colias interior (pink-edged sulphur) Vaccinium angustifolium-pref other blueberries Nectar et al: red and blue flowers pref Trifolium pratense Prunella vulgaris Satureja vulgaris Yellow Taraxacum officinale Lotus corniculatus White nonpref Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Aralia hispida Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Colias philodice (clouded sulphur) Trifolium repens -pref Trifolium pratense- pref other legumes poss Nectar et al: Taraxacum Trifolium Solidago Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes Chrysanthemum Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Euchloe Euchloe olympia (Olympia marble) Arabis laevigata- pref Arabis serotina- pref other rockcresses-pref Cardamine hirsuta-non Nectar et al: Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox Houstonia Stellaria Arabis Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Eurema Eurema lisa (little yellow) Cassia fasciculata C nictitans larger leaved Sennas usually avoided Nectar et al: Aster Solidago Trifolium Prunella Liatris Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Eurema nicippe (sleepy orange) Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica C nictitans Nectar et al: Trifolium Melilotus alba Echium vulgare Aster Vernonia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Phoebis Phoebis sennae (cloudless sulphur) Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica-poss C nictitans- poss Nectar et al: long tubed flowers Lonicera Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus syriacus Cirsium Cassia Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pieris Pieris rapae (cabbage white) many crucifers Barbarea vulgaris Brassica spp broccoli cauliflower cabbage Alliaria officinalis Nectar et al: Taraxacum-spring Lepidium-spring Brassica-spring trifolium-later Mentha-later Aster-later Asclepias-nonpref Eupatorium-nonpref other large composites-nonpref Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pieris virginiensis (West Virginia white) Dentaria laciniata- pref D diphylla- pref Arabis spp- nonpref Alliaria officinalis-non-pref Arabis serotina Cardamine spp Cardamine hirsuta Arabis laevigata-pref Nectar et al: Claytonia Dentaria Sedum Viola Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Pontia Pontia protodice (checkered white) Lepidium virginicum-pref L densiflorum-pref Capsella bursa-pastoris Barbarea vulgaris other mustards Nectar et al: Sisymbrium-pref Barbarea vulgaris-pref other mustards Asclepias Trifolium Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570 Family Riodinidae Calephelis Calephelis borealis (northern metalmark) Senecio obovatus- pref other ragworts Nectar et al: Achillea Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Erigeron Benefactor taxa for monarchs Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. thumb|center|upright|Taxon Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed. Allen Thomas J. 1997 Bonta Marcia The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Press 388 9780822956570