Perspectives of Aquatic Toxicology

"Perspectives of Aquatic Toxicology" is a Wikibook created in Aquatic Toxicology course (A ECL 444/544X / TOX 444/544X) taught by Dr Boris Jovanovic at Iowa State University in Spring 2019. This course adopted open pedagogy practices that included the integration of a renewable assignment whereby students contributed to the creation of this Wikibook. The topics covered in this edition (2019) include: Aquatic Toxicity Tests, Bio-transformations of Xenobiotics, and Micro-plastic Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. Future students taking the Aquatic Toxicology course will contribute to this collective work and help increase the coverage of the topics related to the interaction between anthropogenic chemicals and aquatic ecosystems. Table of Contents Preface ( Dr. Boris Jovanovic) Contributors' Biographies Chapter One: Aquatic Toxicity Tests (By: Niranjana Krishnan) Introduction Basic Concepts Toxic Effects of Chemicals Types of Toxicity Tests Designing a Toxicity Experiment Conclusions References Glossary Chapter Two: Bio-transformations of Xenobiotics (By: Colin Wong) Introduction ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Phase I Biotransformation Phase II Biotransformation Bio-transformations that Increasing Toxicity Enzyme Induction References Glossary Chapter Three: Micro-plastics: An Emerging Pollutant in an Aquatic Ecosystem (By: Rachel M. Sorensen) Introduction to Microplastics Methods Used to Study Microplastics Ingestion of Microplastics Degradation of Microplastics Microplastic Induced Toxicity Problems Regarding Microplastic Research and Future Directions Conclusion Glossary References Chapter Four: Analytical Methodology for Detecting & Monitoring Synthetic Organic Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment (By: Maura J. Hall) Introduction Basic Concepts and Definitions Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Fate Exposure pathway Sampling Sample Preparation Analytical Instrumentation Quality Control Samples Methodology Difficulties Conclusions References Glossary Environmental sciences Class projects100% __NOTOC__