Perl Programming/Keywords/substr

Perl sub symlink Keywords The substr keyword The substr command extracts and returns a substring out of EXPRESSION, where the first character is at OFFSET 0. If OFFSET is negative, it starts to count from the end of the string. If LENGTH is negative, it leaves that much characters from the string's end. substr can also be used as an lvalue, if EXPRESSION is also an lvalue. By an assignment larger or shorter than LENGTH, the string will grow or shrink respectively to accommodate it. If OFFSET and LENGTH specify a substring partly outside the string, only the part within the string is returned. If it is beyond both ends, undef is returned, and an exception is raised, if it is an lvalue. Syntax substr EXPRESSION, OFFSET, LENGTH, REPLACEMENT substr EXPRESSION, OFFSET, LENGTH substr EXPRESSION, OFFSET Examples The code my $name = 'Anton'; print "name = \"", $name, "\"\n"; substr($name, 5) = 'io'; # $name is now "Antonio" print "name = \"", $name, "\"\n"; my $null = substr $name, 7, 2; # returns "" w/o warning print "null = \"", $null, "\"\n"; my $oops = substr $name, 8; # returns undefined with a warning print "oops = \"", $oops, "\"\n"; substr($name, 8) = 'gap'; # raises an exception print "name = \"", $name, "\"\n"; returns name = "Anton" name = "Antonio" null = "" oops = "" substr outside of string at substr.pl line 13. Perl sub symlink Keywords