Flora of New York/Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales

Poales 4 Ranunculales The orders Commelinales and Zingiberales are members of the commelinids clade within the monocots. commelinids Arecales (palms, not naturalized in NY) Poales (grasses, rushes, sedges) Zingiberales (gingers, banana, unlikely naturalized in NY) Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth) The monospecific order Ceratophyllales is thought to be the phylogenetic sister to all the eudicots, which include all the angiosperms that follow. Order Commelinales The Commelinales Family Commelinaceae The Commelinaceae (dayflower family).Commelinaceae Subfamily Commelinoideae Tribe Tradescanteae Tradescantia Tradescantia virginiana WFNY-007.jpg Wild Flowers of New York Part 1, Plate 7. Spider Lily, Spiderwort - Tradescantia virginiana (1918) Spiderwort (Tradescantia) is a New World genus of herbaceous perennials, named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of John Tradescant the Elder (ca. 1570–1638). Although all spiderworts listed in New York are considered to be native to eastern North America, none are listed as New York natives by the New York Flora Atlas. However, Tradescantia ohiensis is listed as native in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts; and BONAP shows it native in New York. Commelinales Commelinaceae Commelinoideae Tradescanteae Tradescantia Tradescantia Spider wort 150 4 Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. 1814. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. in Précis Découv. Somiol.:45 1832. Tradescantia canaliculata Raf. in Atlantic J. 1:150 1837. Tradescantia reflexa Raf. in New Fl. 2:87 1837. Tradescantia riparia Raf. in New Fl. 2:88 1897. Tradescantia foliosa Small in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:234 1903. Tradescantella incarnata (Small) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:1328 1905. Tradescantia difformis Bush in Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1905:101 1935. Tradescantia paludosa E.S.Anderson & Woodson in Contr. Arnold Arbor. 1977. Tradescantia ohiensis var. foliosa (Small) MacRoberts in Phytologia 1979. Tradescantia ohiensis var. paludosa (E.S.Anderson & Woodson) MacRoberts Ohio spiderwort Bluejacket Smooth spiderwort Introduced eastern N. America N. America native Naturalized x FACU FAC Perennial Herb-forb Part Shade 2n = 12, 24 SNA, G5 873 15 counties 15 counties present in NY present in New York State TROH NN 173408-1 Tradescantia/ohiensis 39169 407036 222000425 Tradescantia_ohiensis TROH Tradescantia%20ohiensis nymap.svg TradescantiaOhiensis.jpg Tradescantia virginiana L. 1753 Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort Éphémère de Virginie Introduced eastern N. America N. America native Naturalized 872 X TRVI NX Tradescantia/virginiana 39178 36812 Tradescantia%20virginiana nymap.svg Unknown plant2.JPG Tradescantia ohiensis × virginiana Tradescantia ohiensis Tradescantia virginiana Ohio spiderwort Virginia spiderwort Introduced eastern N. America N. America native Naturalized 7540 X nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth occidentalis 1896 Tradescantia virginiana L. occidentalis Britton 1899 Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth occidentalis 1935 Tradescantia virginiana L. typica E.S.Anderson & Woodson Prairie spider-wort Western spiderwort Introduced N. America native Impersistent 875 Xm Albany county only TROCO NN 530712 452257 222000423 Tradescantia%20occidentalis nymap.svg 0 Tradescantia occidentalis - Samoëns (2).JPG Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. 1813 Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. 1893 Tradescantia montana Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail 1935 Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. montana E.S.Anderson & Woodson 1949 Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. montana R.T.Clausen Zigzag spiderwort Introduced N. America native Impersistent 871 Xm Tompkins only TRSUM N0 39176 407037 222000435 Tradescantia%20subaspera nymap.svg Tradescantia subaspera kz1.jpg Tribe Commelineae The Commelineae in New York include the dayflowers (Commelina spp.) and dewflowers (Murdannia spp.). Commelina White-mouth Dayflower - Commelina erecta, Lake June-in-Winter Scrub State Park, Lake Placid, Florida - 25147511305.jpg Commelina erecta L.slender or whitemouth dayflower The only dayflower (Commelina sp.) listed as native to New York is Commelina erecta (slender dayflower),M.L. Fernald (1950). Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. p. 393. Lists C. erecta (typical) as present in southeastern New York. which is thought to be extirpated from the state. The introduced Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) is fairly common in many parts of the state. It is reported to be invasive in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virgina, Virginia, and Kentucky.Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. July 10, 2018 Commelinales Commelinaceae Commelinoideae Commelineae Commelina Commelina Dayflower 683 5 Commelina erecta L. erecta 1753 Commelina erecta L. 1816 Commelina elegans Kunth 1903 Commelina saxicola Small Slender dayflower 2022 New York Rare Plant Status Lists Erect dayflower 2023 New York Flora Atlas Whitemouth dayflower 2023 USDA-NRCS Widow's tears 2023 Common dayflower 2023 https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/240105-Commelina-erecta-erecta Native Extirpated Impersistent NYNHP:New York Rare Plant Status Lists, December 2022: 2022 Rare Plant Status List - Active Inventory List: Commelina erecta Slender Dayflower: NEWY-X QUEE-? RICH-? G5 SX U 10 UPL FAC Perennial Herb-forb 876 Z Apparently extirpated from New York State COERE N0 1950 Gray's manual of botany: Manhattan 7168998-1 0 Commelina%20erecta nymap.svg 1 county 0 counties Commelina erecta - Slender Dayflower.jpg Commelina communis L. 1753 Commelina communis L. 1811 Commelina debilis Ledeb. 1843 Commelina willdenowii Kunth 1861 Commelina ludens Miq. 1881 Commelina communis L. ludens (Miq.) C.B. Clarke 1909 Commelina communis L. angustifolia Nakai 1910 Commelina coreana H.Lév. 1961 Commelina communis L. aureostriata Asian dayflower Asiatic dayflower Dayflower Introduced temperate Asia Potentially invasive Naturalized X Annual Herb-forb 874 X COCO3 XX shows both varieties as synonyms of C. communis Commelina/communis 52927-Commelina-communis 39127 311532 8300033 nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Commelina communis WFNY-006B.jpg Commelina Dayflower 683 X (excluded taxa) Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Nicolaas Laurens Burman diffusa 1768 Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Climbing dayflower N. America native Excluded X 715 Excluded CODID3 N0 commelina/diffusa Excluded nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Commelina diffusa 01066.jpg Commelina virginica L. 1753 Commelina virginica L. Virginia dayflower N. America native Excluded X 716 Excluded COVI3 N0 only shown south of NY Excluded nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Commelina virginica - Virginia Dayflower.jpg Murdannia Murdannia nudiflora (2802816866).jpg Murdannia nudiflora Of the approximately 60 Murdannia species in the world, only about three are found outside of cultivation in North America, and only one has been collected in New York. Specimens of Murdannia nudiflora were collected in Bronx County in 2009 from the grounds of New York Botanical Garden propagation nursery.R. F. C. Naczi 12673 with Daniel E. Atha, 29 Oct 2009, Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan. New York Botanical Garden, C. V. Starr Virtual Herbarium. However, this is considered to be tropical plant, with reports rare north of North Carolina. Marsh dewflower (Murdannia keisak) has not been reported in New York, but it is prohibited in New York State and considered highly invasive.Marsh dewflower (Murdannia keisak), Invasive Species Management, Lower Hudson PRISM. (22 Jan 2025) Commelinales Commelinaceae Commelinoideae Commelineae Murdannia Murdannia Dew-flower 0 X Royle (excluded species) Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan 1753. Commelina nudiflora L. in Sp. Pl.:41 1757. Commelina chinensis Osbeck in Dagb. Ostind. Resa:21 1762. Tradescantia malabarica L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.:412 1768. Commelina nudicaulis Burm.f. in Fl. Indica:17 1826. Aneilema nudiflorum (L.) Sweet in Hort. Brit.:430 1837. Ditelesia nudiflora (L.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 69 1927. Phaeneilema nudiflorum (L.) G.Brückn. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10:56 1930. Murdannia malabarica (L.) G.Brückn. in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 15a:173 1952. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan in Kew Bull. 7:189 Nakedstem dewflower Nakedstemed dewflower Dove-weed Introduced Asia Not naturalized FAC 7628 Bronx (2009) Bronx County: Grounds of New York Botanical Garden propagation nursery, 29 Oct 2009 165587-Murdannia-nudiflora No NY observations No New York observations 2764680 Bronx (2009) Bronx County: Grounds of New York Botanical Garden propagation nursery, 29 Oct 2009 MUNU X0 172873-1 24698 200027385 Murdannia_nudiflora 8300317 Murdannia%20nudiflora nymap.svg Murdannia nudiflora W IMG 1344 (2x3).jpg Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. 1870 Aneilema keisak Hassk. 1936 Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. Wart-removing herb Marsh dewflower Asian spiderwort Introduced Asia Highly invasive 78%Murdannia keisak High 78 No NY reports MUKE X0 not listed in New England 39145 403095 200027382 8300316 Murdannia%20keisak 3053 Excluded nymap.svg Murdannia keisak NRCS-03.jpg Commelina Family Haemodoraceae The Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family).Haemodoraceae Subfamily Haemodoroideae Lachnanthes Lachnanthes caroliniana.jpg Lachnanthes caroliniana The genus Lachnanthes consists of the single species Carolina redroot or bloodroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana). Commelinales Haemodoraceae Haemodoroideae Lachnanthes Redroot 456 1 Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy 1791 Dilatris caroliniana Lam. 1791 Heritiera tinctorium Walter ex J.F.Gmel. 1812 Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Salisb. 1814 Dilatris tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Pursh 1816 Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott 1932 Lachnanthes caroliana (Lam.) Dandy Carolina redroot Carolina bloodroot Red-root Paint-root Dye-root Lachnanthe de Caroline Native Endangered S1, G4 19610 Lachnanthes caroliniana Endangered S1 G4 10 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 1569 1 Suffolk County only LACA5 NN 6092 Lachnanthes/caroliniana 896414 430580 14900001 LACA5 Lachnanthes%20caroliniana Lachnanthes caroliniana nymap.svg Suffolk Carolina redroot (Lachnanthes caroliana) (7450499000).jpg Haemodoraceae Family Pontederiaceae The Pontederiaceae (family).Pontederiaceae Tribe Pontederieae Pontederia Pontederia subg. Pontederia Pontederia cordata WFNY-008.jpg Pontederia cordatapickerel weed Commelinales Pontederiaceae Pontederieae Pontederia Pontederia Pickerel weed n n Pontederia cordata L. 1753 Pontederia cordata L. Pickerelweed Pontédérie cordée Langue du boeuf Native Secure 2482 5 POCO14 NN nymap.svg Pontederia cordata 3 PP.jpg Pontederia subg. Oshunae Eichhornia crassipes C.jpg Pontederia crassipes Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an attractive free-floating aquatic perennial that is known to be very invasive in the south. It has been reported outside of cultivation in New York State, but was thought to be unable to overwinter this far north. However, it may be able to grow as an annual, and there is concern that water hyacinths may eventually evolve resistance to the cold.Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2018 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York."Invasive Species → Water Hyacinth." Western New York PRISM. 2018. Commelinales Pontederiaceae Pontederieae Pontederia Pontederia Water hyacinth 63 1 Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1823 Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1837 Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Raf. 1837 Piaropus mesomelas Raf. 1843 Eichhornia speciosa Kunth nom. superfluous for Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1883 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms 1883 Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms orthographic variant of Eichhornia crassipes 1893 Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Britton 2021 Oshuna crassipes (Mart.) A.Haines Common water hyacinth Introduced South America Highly invasive Impersistent OBL NA, G5 2485 X Of concern due to risk of becoming cold-tollerant EICR XX 310928-2 26100028 nymap.svg 3 counties 7 counties Cours du Mono au Bénin (51).jpg Tribe Heteranthereae Heteranthera Heteranthera dubia - Grassleaf Mudplantain.jpg Heteranthera dubia The genus Heteranthera contains aquatic plants known as mud plantains, two of which are native to New York. Commelinales Pontederiaceae Heteranthereae Heteranthera Heteranthera Mud plantain 1024 1 Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. 1768 Commelina dubia Jacq. 1892 Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. 1894 Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) Morong isonym 1913 Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small Water star-grass Grassleaf mudplantain Grass-leaved mud-plantain Hétéranthère litigieuse Hétéranthère douteuse Native Secure 5 OBL Perennial Herb-forb S5, G5 2484 HEDU2 NN 8243 Heteranthera/dubia 400234 242101659 HEDU2 nymap.svg Heteranthera dubia kz01.jpg Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav. 1798 Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav. 1799 Heterandra reniformis (Ruiz & Pav.) P.Beauv. Mud-plantain Kidneyleaf mudplantain Kidney-leaved mud-plantain Native Rare 7 OBL Perennial Herb-forb S3, G5 2483 3 HERE N0 Eastern & midwest US from IA to CT south. 42616 220006312 HERE nymap.svg Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Ulster 20210605 Hortus botanicus Leiden - Heteranthera reniformis (3x4).jpg Order Zingiberales Family Cannaceae The Cannaceae (family) contains the single genus Canna.Cannaceae Canna 2008 07 Botanical Garden Meran 70850R0245.jpg Canna × generalis Zingiberales Cannaceae Canna Canna Canna lily 773 1 Canna × generalis L.H.Bailey (pro sp.) Canna glauca Canna indica 1923 Canna × generalis L.H.Bailey 1923 Canna × orchiodes L.H.Bailey auct Canna × hortensis non Guillaumin (1934) Canna-lily Canna lily Common garden canna Balisier Introduced Impersistent Not naturalized Cultivated FACW OBL SNA, GNA 680 Xm Exotic impersistent, Oneida County only CAGE3 X0 42411 8856 100160554 nymap.svg Oneida (1965) Starr 071024-0185 Canna x generalis.jpg Order Ceratophyllales The Ceratophyllales contains a single family. Family Ceratophyllaceae The Ceratophyllaceae contains a single genus. Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllum demersum (inflorescence).jpg Ceratophyllum demersum The genus Ceratophyllum (coontails or hornworts) contains only about a half-dozen species, of which, two are listed as native to New York. Ceratophyllales Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllum Hornwort 499 1 Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1753 Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1794 Dichotophyllum demersum (L.) Moench 1829 Ceratophyllum apiculatum Cham. 1860 Ceratophyllum demersum L. apiculatum (Cham.) Asch. Common coontail 2021 New York Flora Atlas Coon's tail 2021 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Common hornwort 2021 Native Plant Trust (Go Botany) Coontail 2021 Native Plant Trust (Go Botany) -- 2021 ARS-GRIN: Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979-1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States Common hornweed Coontail hornwort 2021 Flora of North America Rigid hornweed 2021 ARS-GRIN: Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database Cornifle nageante 2021 Flora of North America Native Secure 4 OBL Perennial Herb-forb S5, G5 798 5 CEDE4 NN Ceratophyllum/demersum 18403 310925 200007091 Ceratophyllum_demersum 7000001 nymap.svg Ceratophyllum demersum.jpg Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray 1848 Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray 1856 Ceratophyllum demersum L. echinatum (A.Gray) A.Gray 1985 Ceratophyllum submersum L. echinatum (A.Gray) Wilmot-Dear Spiny-fruited coontail 2021 New York Flora Atlas Prickly coontail Prickly hornwort Spineless hornwort 2021 Native Plant Trust (Go Botany) Cornifle échinée Native Vulnerable 4 OBL Perennial Herb-forb S4, G4? 797 3 CEEC2 NN 52526-2 ceratophyllum/echinatum 501366 233500338 Ceratophyllum_echinatum 7000013 nymap.svg Ceratophyllum echinatum iNat-9779405 (3x4).jpg