1802 in science

none 1802 science 1802 The year 1802 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy March 28 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas, the second known. May 6 – William Herschel coins the term asteroid107120 William Herschel Observations on the two lately discovered celestial Bodies Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 92 213–232 6 May 1802 10.1098/rstl.1802.0010 http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php James L. Hilton When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets? 2001-09-17 2006-08-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20090825024347/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php 2009-08-25 dead and on July 1 first uses the term binary star to refer to a star which revolves around another. 1802 Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; With Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens William Herschel 107131 https://zenodo.org/record/1432308/files/article.pdf Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 92 477–528 [481] 1802RSPT...92..477H 10.1098/rstl.1802.0021 free Biology Pierre André Latreille begins publication of his Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des crustacés et insectes. George Montagu publishes his Ornithological Dictionary; or Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds. In the history of evolutionary thought Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Recherches sur l'Organisation des Corps Vivants, proposing that all life is organized in a vertical chain of progressive complexity.Osborn Henry Fairfield Henry Fairfield Osborn From the Greeks to Darwin: an outline of the development of the evolution idea https://archive.org/details/fromgreekstodar00osbogoog 1905 Macmillan New York 2nd 160 Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus begins publication of Biologie; oder die Philosophie der lebenden Natur, proposing a theory of the transmutation of species. Chemistry June – The first account of Thomas Wedgwood's experiments in photography using silver nitrate is published by Humphry Davy in the Journal of the Royal Institution in London."An Account of a method of copying Painting upon Glass and making profiles, by the agency of Light upon Nitrate of Silver." Invented by T. Wedgwood, Esq. with Observations by H. Davy.Robert Hirsch Seizing the Light: A Social & Aesthetic History of Photography Taylor & Francis 2017Williams Hywel Cassell's Chronology of World History https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will registration London Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2005 0-304-35730-8 354 Since a fixative for the image has not yet been devised, the early photographs quickly fade. July – William Hyde Wollaston notes the discovery of the noble metal palladium. Charles's law (the "law of volumes"), describing how gases tend to expand when heated, is first published in France by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac.Gay-Lussac J. L. Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs Annales de chimie XLIII 137 http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/gaygas.html 29 September 2010 Ecology Civil engineer and geographer François Antoine Rauch publishes Harmonie hydro-végétale et météorologique: ou recherches sur les moyens de recréer avec nos forêts la force des températures et la régularité des saisons par des plantations raisonnées in Paris, arguing against deforestation. Geology James Smithson proves that zinc carbonates are true carbonate minerals and not zinc oxides, as was previously thought.Who was James Smithson? – A Man of Science http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Smithson-to-Smithsonian/who_04.html Smithsonian Institution 2007-06-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20070612070808/http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Smithson-to-Smithsonian/who_04.html 12 June 2007 Smithson James A Chemical Analysis of Some Calamines http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Smithson-to-Smithsonian/calamine.html Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Pt. I 1803 25 February 2011 John Playfair publishes Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth in Edinburgh, popularising James Hutton's theory of geology. James Sowerby begins to issue his British Mineralogy, or, coloured figures intended to elucidate the mineralogy of Great Britain in London, the first comprehensive illustrated reference work on the subject. Medicine June – The first pediatric hospital, the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, opens in Paris, on the site of a previous orphanage.Ballbriga Angel Nichols Buford L. Ballabriga A. Kretchmer N. History of Pediatrics 1850–1950 Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series 22 1991 Raven Press New York 0-88167-695-0 6–8 One century of pediatrics in Europe London Fever Hospital founded. Charles Bell publishes The Anatomy of the Brain, Explained in a Series of Engravings.L. S. Jacyna Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1999 2011-04-06 10.1093/ref:odnb/1999 Meteorology December – Luke Howard presents the basis of the modern classification and nomenclature of clouds, at a lecture in London. Physics Johann Wilhelm Ritter builds the first electrochemical cell.Hermann Berg 2008 Johann Wilhelm Ritter: the Founder of Scientific Electrochemistry Review of Polarography 54 2 99–103 10.5189/revpolarography.54.99 free Walter D. Wetzels 1978 J. W. Ritter: the Beginnings of Electrochemistry in Germany Selected Topics in the History of Electrochemistry Dubpernell G. Westbrook J. H. Princeton Electrochemical Society 68–73 Surveying April 10 – Great Trigonometric Survey of India begins with the measurement of a baseline near Madras. Technology November 5 – Marc Isambard Brunel begins installation of his blockmaking machinery at Portsmouth Block Mills in England.Bagust Harold The Greater Genius? – a biography of Marc Isambard Brunel 2006 Ian Allan Hersham 978-0-7110-3175-3 31 George Bodley of Exeter in England patents the first enclosed kitchen stove.David Cornforth Anne Speight Bodley & Co. http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/em/bodley.php Exeter Memories 2009-05-03 2011-03-12The History of Ranges http://www.antiquefireplacesandranges.com/historyofranges.html Antique Fireplaces & Ranges Tarvin 2011-03-12 2011-07-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20110707145757/http://www.antiquefireplacesandranges.com/historyofranges.html dead Publications January 2 – Rev. Abraham Rees begins publication in London of The New Cyclopædia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences.http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/about_us/about_the_museum/science_library/~/media/EF4C87E781D6416E8CC65F252635C086.ashx The subversive encyclopedia John Underwood Science Museum Library & Archives Newsletter Spring–Summer 2010 Science Museum at Wroughton 2011-11-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20110117233801/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/about_us/about_the_museum/science_library/~/media/EF4C87E781D6416E8CC65F252635C086.ashx 2011-01-17 dead Awards Copley Medal: William Hyde WollastonCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births February 6 – Charles Wheatstone, English inventor (died 1875) April 4 – Dorothea Dix, American mental health reformer (died 1887) July 9 – Thomas Davenport, American inventor (died 1851) August 5 – Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician (died 1829) October 10 – Hugh Miller, Scottish geologist (suicide 1856) December 15 – János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (died 1860) Deaths April 14 – John Mackay, Scottish botanist (born 1772) April 18 – Erasmus Darwin, English author of Zoonomia (born 1731) November 16 – André Michaux, French botanist (born 1746) References Category:19th century in science Category:1800s in science