11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR

Jupiter-family comet other comets of the same name Comet Tempel (disambiguation)Comet Tempel Comet Swift List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project September 2025 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR 11P 2021-01-04 NEOWISE image 3-color.png Infrared image of Comet T–S–L taken by NEOWISE on 4 January 2021. IAUC_7779 Ernst Tempel Lewis Swift LINEAR 27 November 1869 11 October 1880 7 December 2001 P/1869 W1, P/1880 T1 P/2001 X3 1869 III, 1880 IV 1891 V, 1908 II 1869c, 1880e, 1891d 1908d jpldata MPC 21 November 2025(JD 2461000.5) 156.74 yearsobs_arc 1,365 1.387 AU 5.18 AU 3.283 AU 0.57739 5.95 years 14.432° 238.86° 168.06° 301.36° 2.839 0.403 AU 0.326 AU jpldata 0.6 km miBelton_2014 490 70 kg/m3Paradowski_2022 15.2 0.7 18.6 26 November 2020MPC 9 November 2026Horizons2026 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR is a periodic comet roughly 1 km in diameter with a 5.95-year orbit around the Sun. At the perihelion passage on 9 November 2026 the solar elongation will be 170 degrees with a declination of +26.Van_Buitenen The closest approach to Earth will be two days later on 11 November 2026 at a distance of 0.401 AU e6km unit.jpldata Van_BuitenenMOID The comet may brighten enough in late 2026 to get into the reach of smart telescopes. Observational history Discovery In 1869, the comet's perihelion was around 1.063 AU e6km unit from the Sun. Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel originally discovered the comet on 27 November 1869, from his observatory at Marseille. It was later observed by Lewis Swift from the Warner Observatory on 11 October 1880, and he realised that it is the same comet as Tempel's.Kronk Loss and recovery After 1908, the comet became an unobservable lost comet due to a series of four close flybys of Jupiter between 1911 and 194611P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR approached Jupiter at a distance of 0.61 AU (May 1911), 0.50 AU (July 1923), 0.56 AU (April 1935), and 1.33 AU (November 1946) respectively.IAUC_1838 Marsden_1971 perturbing its orbit significantly enough that made subsequent apparitions of the comet unfavorable for observations in decades.IAUC_1838 Nevertheless, Brian G. Marsden computed the resulting orbit based on the observations between 1891 and 1908, and predicted a favorable return in 1963, however the comet remained unobserved.IAUC_1838 Despite this, additional predictions of the comet's favorable returns were later attempted by Marsden and Zdenek Sekanina in 1971,Marsden_1971 and Shuichi Nakano in 1995. On 7 December 2001, an object designated as P/2001 X3 was found by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program.IAUC_7778 Analysis of images taken between 10 September and 17 October 2001 later confirmed that P/2001 X3 was the recovery of the previously lost comet Tempel–Swift.IAUC_7779 Recent observations The comet was not observed during the 2008 unfavorable apparition because the perihelion passage occurred when the comet was on the far side of the Sun.Yoshida-11p MPC The comet was observed during the 2014 and 2020 apparitions.MPC For the 2026 perihelion passage, the comet was recovered on 6 August 2026.Comet-ml: 11P Tempel-Swift-LINEAR The comet will next come to perihelion on 9 November 2026,Horizons2026 then two days later on the 11th, make a closest approach to Earth of 0.4012 AU e6km unit.jpldata +11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR closest Earth approach on 2026-Nov-11jpldata Date & time ofclosest approach Earth distance(AU) Sun distance(AU) Velocitywrt Earth(km/s) Velocitywrt Sun(km/s) Uncertaintyregion(3-sigma) Reference 2026-Nov-11 19:16 0.401 AU e6km e6mi unit 1.39 AU e6km e6mi unit 7.9 31.8 ± 192 km Horizons 2104 +11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR closest Earth approach on 2104-Nov-14 Date & time ofclosest approach Earth distance(AU) Sun distance(AU) Velocitywrt Earth(km/s) Velocitywrt Sun(km/s) Uncertaintyregion(3-sigma) Reference 2104-Nov-14 19:38 0.309 AU e6km e6mi unit 1.28 AU e6km e6mi unit 9.4 33.2 ± 100000 km Horizons Notes "MOID" The 2026 Earth approach of 0.401 AU e6km unit is closer than the (Epoch 2019) Earth–Minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of 0.403 AU e6km unit. "obs_arc" Observation arc from the Minor Planet Center database only covered dates from 25 December 1880 until 24 August 2026 (145.66 years). This figure included its entire arc up to 27 November 1869. References M. J. S. Belton The Size-distribution of Scattered Disk TNOs from that of JFCs between 0.2 and 15-km effective radius Icarus 2014 231 1 168–182 2014Icar..231..168B 1312.1424 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.001 B. G. Marsden K. A. Thernöe Periodic Comet Tempel–Swift http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/IAUCs/IAUC1838.jpg IAU Circular 1838 2 1963-08-03 R. Huber G. Hug D. W. Green Comet P/2001 X3 (LINEAR) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07700/07778.html IAU Circular 7779 2 2001-12-19 7778 2001IAUC.7778....2H C. Hergenrother K. Muraoka S. Nakano D. W. Green Comet 11D (Tempel–Swift) P/2001 X3 (LINEAR) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07700/07779.html IAU Circular 1 2001-12-20 7779 2001IAUC.7779....1H 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR – JPL Small-Body Database https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=11P ssd.jpl.nasa.gov Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2023-07-12 2026-04-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20260424222906/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=11P&view=OPC live G. W. Kronk 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR https://cometography.com/pcomets/011p.html Cometography.com 2014-10-28 B. G. Marsden Z. Sekanina Comets and Nongravitational Forces. IV The Astronomical Journal 1971 76 10 1135–1152 1971AJ.....76.1135M 10.1086/111232 free 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR Orbit http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11P Minor Planet Center 2014-10-28 M. L. Paradowski A New Indirect Method of Determining Density of Cometary Nuclei https://acta.astrouw.edu.pl/Vol72/n2/pdf/pap_72_2_4.pdf Acta Astronomica 2022 72 2 141–159 2022AcA....72..141P 0001-5237 10.32023/0001-5237/72.2.4 free 2009-04-07 Tempel–Swift–LINEAR Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog Seiichi Yoshida http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0011P/index.html 2012-02-19 G. van Buitenen 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR https://astro.vanbuitenen.nl/comet/11 astro.vanbuitenen.nl 2026-04-21 Horizons Batch for 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR (90000220) on 2026-Nov-09 JPL Horizons Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27DES%3D11P%3BCAP%27&START_TIME=%272026-Nov-09%2018:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272026-Nov-10%2006:00%27&STEP_SIZE=%2710%20minutes%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27 https://web.archive.org/web/20230211111102/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000219%27&START_TIME=%272026-Nov-09%2018:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272026-Nov-10%2006:00%27&STEP_SIZE=%2710%20minutes%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27 2023-02-11 live 2025-09-25 (JPL#K204/13 Soln.date: 2023-Oct-10) 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR past, present and future orbital elements http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0011p.htm Comet Orbit Kazuo Kinoshita 2014-12-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20110520032222/http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0011p.htm 2011-05-20 live 2023-07-27 External links 1000365 11P 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR at the Minor Planet Center database 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR at Gary W. Kronk's Cometography 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR at Seiichi Yoshida's website 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR at Gideon van Buitenen's website 10P/Tempel 12P/Pons–Brooks Category:Periodic comets 0011 011P # 011P 011P 011P 011P * * * Category:Discoveries by Wilhelm Tempel *