1605 Keichō earthquake

Earthquake in Japan October 2024 1605 Keichō earthquake yes yes 1605 2 3 20:00 Japan 7.9 Ms 33.5 138.5 inline,title Japan: Chūbu region, Kansai region, Shikoku, Kyushu Yes Nankai megathrust Thousands The 1605 Keichō earthquake (ja 慶長地震) occurred at about 20:00 local time on 3 February. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and triggered a devastating tsunami that resulted in thousands of deaths in the Nankai and Tōkai regions of Japan. It is uncertain whether there were two separate earthquakes separated by a short time interval or a single event. It is referred to as a tsunami earthquake, in that the size of the tsunami greatly exceeds that expected from the magnitude of the earthquake. Background The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Eurasian plate. Movement on this convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A-E) that can rupture independently,Ishibashi K. 2004 Status of historical seismology in Japan Annals of Geophysics 47 2/3 339–368 http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/763/1/02Ishibashi.pdfAndo M. 1975 Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the nankai trough, Japan Tectonophysics 27 2 119–140 10.1016/0040-1951(75)90102-X 1975Tectp..27..119A the segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1,300 years.Sieh K.E. A Review of Geological Evidence for Recurrence Times of Large Earthquakes 1981 http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P81b.pdf 16 July 2011 4 June 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100604120819/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P81b.pdf dead Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them although in the 1707 Hōei earthquake all segments are thought to have ruptured at once.http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jepsjmo/cd-rom/2007cd-rom/program/pdf/T235/T235-010_e.pdf The 1707 Hoei Earthquake, as an Example of a combined Gigantic Tokai-Nankai Earthquake Tsuji Y. Namegaya Y. 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20110611170709/http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jepsjmo/cd-rom/2007cd-rom/program/pdf/T235/T235-010_e.pdf 11 June 2011 dead In 1854 there were two earthquakes a day apart and there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. In each case, the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment.Kaneda Y. Kawaguchi, K. Araki, E. Matsumoto, H. Nakamura, T. Kamiya, S. Hori, T. Baba, T. 2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies Precise real-time observatory and simulating phenomena of earthquakes and tsunamis around the Nankai Trough – Towards the understanding of mega thrust earthquakes 2007 299–300 10.1109/UT.2007.370806 978-1-4244-1207-5 45347574 In the 1605 event, there is evidence for two distinct earthquakes,https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-data?maxYear=1605&minYear=1605&country=JAPAN Significant Earthquake Search for Japan 1605 NGDC 16 July 2011 but they are not distinguished by all historical sources and some seismologists suggest that only the Nankai segment of the megathrust ruptured. Earthquake There are very few reports of shaking associated with this earthquake, with most historical records only mentioning the tsunami. This has led seismologists to interpret this as a 'tsunami earthquake', probably involving a slow rupture velocity causing little observed shaking while generating a large tsunami.Kanamori, H. 1972 Mechanism of tsunami earthquakes Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 6 5 346–359 http://gps-prod-storage.cloud.caltech.edu.s3.amazonaws.com/people_personal_assets/kanamori/HKpepi72c.pdf 10.1016/0031-9201(72)90058-1 1972PEPI....6..346K Tsunami The records of this tsunami are quite sparse but the maximum wave heights are larger than those recorded for either the 1707 Hōei or 1854 Ansei Nankai tsunamis in areas on the south coast of Shikoku where they can be compared.Murakami H. Itoh S. Hiraiwa Y. Shimada T. Tsuchiya Y. Shutō N. Tsunami: progress in prediction, disaster prevention, and warning https://books.google.com/books?id=5YjaGdQOJIwC&pg=PA197 Advances in natural and technological hazards research 4 1995 Springer 978-0-7923-3483-5 199–207 Re-examination of historical tsunamis in Shikoku Island, Japan The regional extent of this tsunami is supported by the discovery of tsunami deposits on the northeastern part of the Kii Peninsula and at Lake Hamana correlated to this event.Hisayo O. Shusaku Y. Muneki M. Masayuki H. Takashi U. Mieko U. Tsuyoshi H. amp 2001 Tsunami Deposits of Tokai Earthquakes Preserved in a Coastal Marsh Sequence at Osatsu, Toba, Central Japan, and Their Magnetochronological Dates. Quaternary Research Japan Association for Quaternary Research 40 3 193–202 0418-2642 Japanese 10.4116/jaqua.40.193 freehttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=216&t=102978&s=31&d=34,32 https://web.archive.org/web/20180129140607/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=216&t=102978&s=31&d=34,32 dead 29 January 2018 Tsunami deposits NGDC 16 July 2011 Victims of the tsunami were also reported from Kyushu.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=19475&t=101650&s=10&d=185,186,76,78&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20201126204050/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?EQ_0=19475&t=101650&s=10&d=185,186,76,78&nd=display dead 26 November 2020 Tsunami Runup Location Effects NGDC 16 July 2011 Damage There is no reported damage associated with the earthquake itself. At least 700 houses were washed away at Hirohttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=833&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://archive.today/20121213231432/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=833&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead 13 December 2012 Comments for the tsunami event NGDC 16 July 2011 in present-day Wakayama prefecture and 80 at Arai in what is now Shizuoka prefecture. Castles were reported destroyed or damaged at Tahara on the Atsumi Peninsula; the main keep of Kakegawa Castle was also destroyed.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=834&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20201127192610/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=834&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead 27 November 2020 Comments for the tsunami event NGDC 16 July 2011 The total number of casualties is uncertain as records are incomplete and contradictory, but estimates are in the order of thousands.http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html IISEE Catalogue Search parameters page IISEE Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World 16 July 2011 18 September 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130918042738/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html dead See also List of earthquakes in Japan List of historical earthquakes References Category:Tsunamis in Japan Category:1605 in Japan Category:1605 in Asia Category:1600s earthquakes Category:1605 disasters Category:Tsunami earthquakes Category:Earthquakes of the Edo period