1979 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1979 Tour de France Route of the 1979 Tour de France.png Route of the 1979 Tour de France 360px 27 June – 22 July 1979 24 + Prologue 3765 km 103h 06' 50" Bernard Hinault FRA REN 1979 yellow Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1979 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1979 Bernard Hinault FRA REN 1979 green Giovanni Battaglin ITA CAR 1979 polkadot Willy Teirlinck BEL KAS 1979 Jean-René Bernaudeau FRA REN 1979 white REN 1979 REN 1979 Hennie Kuiper NED TIR 1979 1978 1980 The 1979 Tour de France was the 66th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 27 June and 22 July, with 24 stages covering a distance of 3765 km 0 on. It was the only tour to finish at Alpe d'Huez twice. It was won by Bernard Hinault, who also won the points classification, and whose team won both team classifications. Remarkably Hinault and second-place finisher Joop Zoetemelk finished nearly a half hour ahead of the other GC Contenders, and in modern history this was the only time the Yellow Jersey was challenged on the ride into Paris. The mountains classification was won by Giovanni Battaglin, and the young rider classification was won by Jean-René Bernaudeau. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1979 Tour de France The following 15 teams each sent 10 cyclists, for a total of 150.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1979 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 The teams entering the race were: 20em REN 1979 Mercier 1979 Flandria 1979 TIR 1979 KAS 1979 La Redoute 1979 Peugeot 1979 Teka 1979 Fiat2 1979 IJsboerke 1979 Splendor 1979 BIA 1979 DAF 1979 CAR 1979 Magniflex 1979 Pre-race favourites The big favourite was Hinault; not only was he the defending champion, but the large number of time trials made the race especially suited for him.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 The only cyclist thought to be able to seriously challenge Hinault was Zoetemelk, the runner-up of the previous edition.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 Route and stages The route for the 1979 Tour was revealed in November 1978. It was the shortest course since 1904, but with many climbs it was still considered hard.http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010376691%3Ampeg21%3Ap006%3Aa0107 Tour '79: kort maar hevig nl Koninklijke Bibliotheek De Waarheid 2 November 1978 29 December 2013 31 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131231003133/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010376691%3Ampeg21%3Ap006%3Aa0107 dead Since 1974, the Tour had always been composed of 22 stages, with some of them run as split stages. Following the riders' strike in the 1978 Tour against these split stages, the 1979 Tour included no split stages. To compensate for this, the total number of stages increased to 24.McGann McGann 2008 117–122http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010621131%3Ampeg21%3Ap030%3Aa0374 https://archive.today/20131229164342/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd:010621131:mpeg21:p030:a0374 dead 29 December 2013 Tour de France zonder halve etappes Leeuwarder courant Koninklijke Bibliotheek nl 23 June 1979 29 December 2013 The Tour had one rest day, in Les Menuires.Augendre 2016 70 The highest point of elevation in the race was 2642 m ft on at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 17.Augendre 2016 177–178Ronde van Frankrijk Tour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010377271:mpeg21:p009 De Waarheid 27 June 1979 9 nl Delpher + Stage characteristics and winners66ème Tour de France 1979 66th Tour de France 1979 http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1979.php Mémoire du cyclisme 6 April 2020 frAugendre 2016 70http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1979 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 15 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 dead The history of the Tour de France – Year 1979 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403005318/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner P27 June Fleurance 5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Gerrie Knetemann NED 128 June Fleurance to Luchon 225 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) René Bittinger FRA 229 June Luchon to Superbagnères 24 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 330 June Luchon to Pau 180 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Bernard Hinault FRA 41 July Captieux to Bordeaux 87 km on alt=|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial NED TIR 1979 52 July Neuville-de-Poitou to Angers 145 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jan Raas NED 63 July Angers to Saint-Brieuc 239 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jos Jacobs BEL 74 July Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët to Deauville 158 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Leo van Vliet NED 85 July Deauville to Le Havre 90 km on alt=|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial NED TIR 1979 96 July Amiens to Roubaix 201 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Ludo Delcroix BEL 107 July Roubaix to Brussels (Belgium) 124 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jo Maas NED 118 July Brussels (Belgium) 33 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 129 July Rochefort (Belgium) to Metz 193 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Christian Seznec FRA 1310 July Metz to Ballon d'Alsace 202 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA 1411 July Belfort to Évian-les-Bains 248 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marc Demeyer BEL 1512 July Évian-les-Bains to Morzine Avoriaz 54 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 1613 July Morzine Avoriaz to Les Menuires 201 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Lucien Van Impe BEL 14 July Les Menuires Rest day 1715 July Les Menuires to Alpe d'Huez 167 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Joaquim Agostinho POR 1816 July Alpe d'Huez to Alpe d'Huez 119 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Joop Zoetemelk NED 1917 July Alpe d'Huez to Saint-Priest 162 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Dietrich Thurau FRG 2018 July Saint-Priest to Dijon 240 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Serge Parsani ITA 2119 July Dijon 49 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 2220 July Dijon to Auxerre 189 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gerrie Knetemann NED 2321 July Auxerre to Nogent-sur-Marne 205 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Bernard Hinault FRA 2422 July Le Perreux-sur-Marne to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 180 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Bernard Hinault FRA Total 3765 km 0 onAugendre 2016 109 Race overview 1979 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 12 1979 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 24 thumb|upright|Bernard Hinault (pictured in 1982), winner of the general classification The prologue was won by Knetemann; Zoetemelk and Hinault both followed at four seconds.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 The first stage took the riders immediately into the mountains. During stage one Jean-René Bernaudeau and René Bittinger got to the front of the peloton with Bittinger claiming the stage win by eight seconds, and Bernaudeau taking 2nd but moving into the overall race lead.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 Stage two would be the final stage someone not named Bernard Hinault or Joop Zoetemelk would wear the maillot jaune, which was a mountain climb individual time trial where the top 5 finishers moved into the top 5 in the overall standings. Hinault won the stage and took over the race lead as Zoetemelk moved into 2nd place overall while Joaquim Agostinho, Hennie Kuiper and Sven-Åke Nilsson rounded out the top 5. Stage three ended up as a sprint finish decided amongst the strongest riders who had survived the climbs. Hinault edged Rudy Pevenage at the line but as the strongest riders had finished together there was no change atop the General classification.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 Stage four was a team time trial won by the consistently dominant TIR 1979 squad with the very strong IJsboerke 1979 team finishing 2nd. Neither of these teams had a GC rider who was a clear and present threat to Hinault, however the 3rd and 4th place teams in Peugeot 1979 and Mercier 1979 did with Kuiper and Zoetemelk. Hinault's REN 1979 squad finished in 5th place overall, meaning he lost time to all of these teams and his lead was now only 0:12 over Zoetemelk and 0:31 over Kuiper, who was upset at the missed opportunity following this stage as the team had chosen the wrong tires and punctured numerous times likely costing him the chance to overtake Hinault and Zoetemelk.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 Agostinho and his Flandria 1979 team finished 6th moving him from a tie for 2nd with Zoetemelk to 4th place overall just 0:10 ahead of Ake-Nilsson. Stage five was a flat stage where Jan Raas outsprinted Jacques Esclassan, the up-and-coming Irishman Sean Kelly, Marc Demeyer and Hinault for the win with no changes among the GC riders. Stage six saw all five out of the five top 5 finishers from the previous day once again competing for the win except this time Joseph Jacobs was able to get ahead of Hinault, Raas, Kelly, Demeyer and Esclassan to win the day by a single second. Hinault's 2nd-place finish added 0:12 to his lead over the riders closest to him in the overall standings. Stage seven came down to a three rider escape involving Christian Levavasseur, Christian Poirier and Leo van Vliet where van Vliet took the stage win as the overall situation remained static. Stage eight was another team time trial which caused some movement in the standings. TI–Raleigh and Ijsboerke were once again among the strongest teams and were separated by only 0:08 with Raleigh claiming another win. As a result, their highest place rider Ueli Sutter moved into 4th place overall. Ijsboerke finished 3rd behind Hinault's Renault team, who put together a very strong ride finishing in 2nd just 0:06 behind Raleigh. The Miko–Mercier squad of Zoetemelk and Nilsson finished 4th but lost nearly two minutes to Renault meaning Hinault now had some breathing room leading Zoetemelk by 1:18 and the now 3rd place Nilsson by 2:40. The Peugeot–Esso team of Kuiper and the Flandria team of Agostinho fared poorly with Kuiper dropping from 3rd to 7th place at 4:30 behind, whereas Agostinho remained in 5th place, but was now 4:05 back. Stage nine was a pivotal stage that had major ramifications for the top riders who had to contend with the much dreaded cobblestones of Roubaix. Any of the cobbled sections included in the Tour are always treacherous, they result in numerous, if not dozens of minor and occasionally major crashes, many riders get multiple flat tires and depending on the weather it is either intolerably hot and dusty or so muddy that no rider has a clean face by the end of the stage. This stage was no different and in the end a group of five riders survived to the finish line in the lead group where André Dierickx, Didi Thurau, Michel Pollentier and Zoetemelk crossed the line 0:19 behind Ludo Delcroix. Hinault was actually able to distance himself and gain time on many of the other GC riders and the ones he did not gain time on he stayed even with. Nilsson, Sutter and Kuiper all crossed with the same time as Hinault whereas other top 10 riders going into the stage including Gery Verlinden and Bernaudeau lost time to him. Joaquim Agostinho had a disastrous day in which he lost his 5th place, fell out of the top 10 altogether and was more than 10:00 behind Hinault. By his standards Hinault also had a disastrous day, as he lost the yellow jersey, which he was not happy about as he threatened following the stage that, "there are some riders who will suffer plenty after what happened today",http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/histoire.html The Tour, year 1979 Amaury Sport Organisation 15 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110810235628/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/histoire.html 10 August 2011 dead dmy-all in reference to the select group of riders who got away from him and survived in the breakaway. Of the 5 breakaway survivors Dierickx gained enough time to come within about 3:00 of Hinault but he was not considered a realistic threat. Neither was the stage winner Delcroix and while Thurau or Pollentier might have been threats if they had gaps upwards of ten minutes on Hinault, both of them were still ten minutes or more behind the Badger and therefore irrelevant as far as his pursuit of his 2nd Tour victory was concerned. As such his anger was seemingly directed primarily at Zoetemelk, who had taken over the lead by 2:08, and was a very real threat to Hinault. In essence the only rider that could beat him, did beat him, and beat him by a considerable margin somehow finding a way to avoid the crashes, the flat tires, the protesters and ‘surviving’ within the winning group of this stage of the Tour which was borrowed from The Hell of the North. Even though Hinault had dropped to 2nd place more than two minutes off the lead, Five time tour champion Jacques Anquetil was pleased with the way Hinault responded following this stage and predicted that Hinault won the Tour, because he had kept his losses limited. In stage ten Jo Maas outlasted his breakaway companions including Pol Verschuere and Ludo Peeters to take the stage win and jump into the top 10 overall as the breakaway had finished close to ten minutes ahead of the peloton. During the stage eleven ITT it became a near certainty that the battle for the 1979 Tour de France would be decided solely between Hinault and Zoetemelk as following this stage the 3rd place rider would be more than 7:00 behind. Hinault won the stage by a narrow margin of just eight seconds over Knut Knudsen but more importantly he cut Zoetemelk's lead from 2:08 down to 1:32.https://www.bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdf1979.html#facts 1979 Tour de France by BikeRaceInfo During stage twelve Christian Seznec beat Joseph Borguet by one second to win the stage as Hennie Kuiper, who started the day in 5th place at 8:00 off the lead joined in the attacks to try to cut into Zoetemelk and Hinault. He managed to win a decent chunk of time back and in the process jumped back into 3rd at +6:09. In stage thirteen however, he would lose back much of the time he gained. Winning the stage three seconds ahead of Rudy Pevenage, was Pierre-Raymond Villemiane who jumped from 10th place up to 6th. Villemiane was a distant threat to the leaders and therefore not pursued by either of their teams, but Hinault did manage to take a three-second bite out of Zoetemelk's lead cutting it down to +1:29. In stage fourteen Zoetemelk added 0:20 to his lead over 3rd place Kuiper, 4th place Sutter and 5th place Nilsson, however Hinault was able to get away from Zoetemelk and win back 0:40 on the Dutchman, cutting his lead to under a minute. Finishing atop the stage podium was Demeyer, followed by Esclassan and Kelly. Stage 15 was another mountain ITT, which was once again won by Bernard Hinault who put himself back into the yellow jersey. The majority of the ninety-something riders remaining in the race finished well beyond +5:00 of Hinault with only Zoetemelk keeping him under 3:00. Hinault's lead over 5th place Nilsson was just over 14:00, he was 13:00 ahead of 4th place Sutter, nearly 12:00 ahead of 3rd place Kuiper, but only 1:48 ahead of 2nd placed Zoetemelk, a lead he was not satisfied with going into the high mountains of The French Alps. As such Hinault went on the offensive in stage sixteen where he finished just six seconds behind Lucien Van Impe. Van Impe had a rocky start to this Tour but was slowly clawing his way back towards the top 10, even though he was always more concerned with his place within the King of the Mountains competition, not the general classification. More importantly Hinault nearly added another minute to his lead over Zoetemelk, who was now +2:45 behind, as the race headed for back to back hilltop finishes atop Alpe d'Huez following rest day. By the end of stage seventeen the 3rd place rider would be nearly +20:00 behind Hinault, but surprisingly moving all the way back to 5th place was Joaquim Agostinho who put in a masterful performance to win the stage coming all the way back from where his Tour disastrously fell apart back on the cobbles of Roubaix. Meanwhile, Hinault and Zoetemelk crossed the line together some three minutes later with the two of them still separated by +2:45 and only one major mountain stage remaining. The 2nd hilltop finish at Alpe d'Huez in stage eighteen was the final chance to gain time in the high mountains. The stage was won by Zoetemelk with an advantage of +0:40 over Van Impe. Zoetemelk also managed to drop Hinault near the end of the stage and cut his lead to just under two minutes prior to the final ITT. Continuing on his impressive performance from the day before was Agostinho who finished both in 4th place on the stage, and also climbed up a spot to 4th place in the overall standings, albeit more than twenty minutes behind Hinault. Stage nineteen was won by Didi Thurau who outsprinted Jacobs, Demeyer and Hinault to claim the win. Then during stage 20 Serge Parsani got to the line two seconds slower than the speedy Dutchman Gerrie Knetemann, but Knetemann was given a ten-second penalty for drafting a team car earlier in the stage, which gave Parsani the stage win by eight seconds. The final ITT was in the city of Dijon where Hinault seemingly clinched his 2nd consecutive Tour de France victory building his lead over Zoetemelk to +3:07. The closest rider from within the rest of the field was Agostinho, who jumped into the final podium position but was still nearly twenty-five minutes behind. Stage twenty-two was won in a head-to-head sprint by Gerrie Knetemann over Giovanni Battaglin and in Stage twenty-three Hinault was able to best Demeyer at the finish line. With the Tour unofficially over and only the ride down the Champs-Élysées remaining stage twenty-four began with the peloton headed towards the finish line in Paris. There were a few escape attempts early in the stage including by Thurau and Zoetemelk, who was trying to get away from Hinault. At 124 kilometres into the stage Hinault left everyone behind and only Zoetemelk went off in pursuit. It took him four kilometres to catch Hinault and by 129 kilometres into the stage this 'royal escape' was turned loose with the teams of both riders controlling the peloton from then on. The time gap between the duo of Hinault and Zoetemelk and the peloton steadily increased from that point on and continued to increase on the laps of the Champs-Élysées.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf_1970_1979/tdf1979_24.php fr memoire-du-cyclisme.eu 66ème Tour de France 1979 - 24ème étape 12 June 2019translation of French text from citation: "The peloton regrouped and had to face a strong headwind. The race is unbridled from the Chevreuse valley. In Jouy-en-Josas (km 121), Thurau starts but Lubberding neutralizes it. A closed level crossing cuts the peloton in two. At the top of the hill of the 17 Turns, Duclos-Lassalle passes in front in front of Santoni and Beucherie. That of Châteaufort (km 111) sees Zoetemelk pass in front of Hinault. It is in the same order that the summit of the Côte de l'Homme-Mort is crossed at km 124 and shortly after the yellow jersey places a sharp start. Joop Zoetemelk, after a moment's hesitation, sets off in pursuit and joins him 4 kilometers further. Therefore the escape, royal, At the top of the Pavé des Gardes (km 129) Hinault and Zoetemelk in this order precede by 29 "Villemiane, Bernaudeau, Thurau, Gauthier and the first peloton. The two leaders enter the Champs-Élysées circuit, 1'32 "before their pursuers. This lead will only grow over the laps, while Pescheux tries to get out of the peloton" It must certainly have been an unfamiliar sight for the fans in attendance to see the Tour fought over until the last kilometre had been ridden.https://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1979.html Cycling Revealed Timeline Hinault crossed the line about a bike length ahead of Zoetemelk and about two and half minutes later the bunch sprint began for 3rd place with Dietrich Thurau edging out Jacques Bossis and Paul Sherwen. Just as the day began with Hinault in the lead by +3:07, it ended with Bernard Hinault as Tour de France champion by +3:07 over Joop Zoetemelk, who had now finished in 2nd place in the Tour de France for a record 5th time, which in and of itself is remarkable considering the ‘Eternal Second’ Raymond Poulidor only finished 2nd three times. Something that did change was the 3rd place rider Agostinho was now nearly a half hour behind. Winning the points classification was Hinault, the mountains classification was won by Giovanni Battaglin, the young rider classification went to Jean-Renè Bernaudeau and the Combativity award was presented to Zoetemelk, McGann McGann 2008 117–122 who won the award ahead of Battaglin who in addition to winning the KOM competition, also finished 6th and was named the most combative rider on four stages. Besides the struggle for the first place, there was also a noteworthy struggle for the last place, the lanterne rouge. After the 20th stage, Philippe Tesnière was last in the general classification, with Gerhard Schönbacher before him.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/19/MD19790719-021.pdf Tour: Clasificaciones Oficiales 19 July 1979 21 es Mundo Deportivo https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192242/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/19/MD19790719-021.pdf 6 October 2019 live Tesnière had already finished last in the 1978 Tour de France, so he was aware of the publicity associated with being the lanterne rouge. In the 21st stage, Tesnière therefore rode extra slow. Hinault took 1 hour, 8 minutes and 53 seconds to win the time trial, Schönbacher used 1 hour, 21 minutes and 52 seconds,http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1979_21.php 66ème Tour de France 21ème étape https://web.archive.org/web/20120926094646/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1979_21.php 26 September 2012 24 September 2016 dead fr Mémoire du cyclisme while Tesniere rode it in 1 hour, 23 minutes and 32 seconds; both were slower than all other cyclists.http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=schonbacher&datering=&krant=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc&paragraaf=33&doc=7&p=9&paragraaf=33 Kostbare vergissing Tesnière 9 20 July 1979 Leidsch Dagblad Regionaal Archief Leiden nl 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20121008223912/http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=schonbacher&datering=&krant=&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=datum+asc%2Ckrant+asc%2Cpagina+asc&paragraaf=33&doc=7&p=9&paragraaf=33 8 October 2012 dead Tesnière's time was more than 20% slower than Hinault's, which meant that he had missed the time cut, and was taken out of the race. When Schönbacher was near the finish of the last stage, he stopped and kissed the road, before he crossed the finishline.http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2007/07/29/gerhard-schonbacher-de-koning-van-de-rode_lantaarn.aspx Gerhard Schönbacher: de koning van de rode lantaarn 29 July 2007 Sportgeschiedenis Beerthuyzen, Maurice nl 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110728050718/http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2007/07/29/gerhard-schonbacher-de-koning-van-de-rode_lantaarn.aspx 28 July 2011 dead Doping For the first time in the Tour de France, doping tests were able to find anabolicals. The doping tests were performed by Manfred Donike in his lab in Cologne.de Mondenard 2004 800 After the 17th stage, it was announced that Giovanni Battaglin, leader of the mountains classification, had tested positive after the 13th stage. He received a penalty of 10 minutes in the general classification, and lost all mountain points that he collected during that 13th stage, and an extra penalty of 10 points.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/16/MD19790716-032.pdf Battaglin positivo es 16 July 1979 32 Mundo Deportivo https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192246/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/16/MD19790716-032.pdf 6 October 2019 live Frans Van Looy and Gilbert Chaumaz also tested positive for doping.http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19790725-AE0025001&vw=org Geen dopinggevallen in laatste Tourweek De Krant van Toen Nieuwsblad van het Noorden nl 7 25 July 1979 16 July 2013 After the race finished, Joop Zoetemelk was found to have used doping, which he later admitted to. Zoetemelk was fined with 10 minutes in the general classification, and lost his combativity award, but still officially remained in 2nd place by more than ten minutes.http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19790816-AE0001002&vw=org Zoetemelk geeft gebruik van verboden middelen in Tour toe De Krant van Toen Nieuwsblad van het Noorden nl 1 16 August 1979 16 July 2013 His label as an 'eternal second' would permanently be removed the following year. Classification leadership and minor prizes There were several classifications in the 1979 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–455 The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453 In previous years, the team time trials only counted for the team classification, and not for the general classification, except for the bonifications. From 1979 on, the team trial also counted for the general classification.McGann McGann 2008 117–122 Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 453–454 There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Another classification was the young rider classification, decided the same way as the general classification.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 Since 1975, the young rider classification had been contested by neo-professionals: cyclists aged 23 years or younger, or in their first two years as a professional cyclist. This changed in 1979: it was open for cyclists aged 24 or younger at 1 January.http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010960188%3Ampeg21%3Ap015%3Aa0276 https://archive.today/20130713135815/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd:010960188:mpeg21:p015:a0276 dead 13 July 2013 Bonificaties en punten Het vrije volk De Arbeiderspers 28 June 1979 13 July 2013 nl The leader wore a white jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1979, this classification had no associated jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 In stages 6, 12, 14, 20, 22 and 23, there was a new system for time bonuses. In the intermediate sprints in these stages, the first three cyclists received time bonuses of 10, 6 and 3 seconds; a classification of these time bonuses was made on each of these stages, and the first three of this classification received extra time bonuses of 20, 10 and 5 seconds. The team classification in 1977 was calculated with the times of the five best cyclists per team, but was in 1978 changed to the best four cyclists. The leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 Inoxpran, Teka 1979, Magniflex and Splendor 1979 did not finish the race with four or more cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team classification. Magniflex and Splendor 1979 did not finish the race with three or more cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team points classification. In addition to the classifications above, there were several minor classifications; in total the 1979 Tour de France contained sixteen competitions, each with its own sponsor.https://books.google.com/books?id=UpzzPqexF00C&q=1979 The Tour de France: A Cultural History Christopher S. Thompson 978-0-520-25630-9 University of California Press 47 2008 15 August 2011 In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.van den Akker 2018 211–216 Joop Zoetemelk won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award;Zoetemelk strijdlustigste http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19790723&id=LC-19790723-13004&words=+(+strijdlustigste)%20strijdlustigst De krant van toen Leeuwarder Courant 23 July 1979 13 27 November 2011 nl he was later disqualified after his doping offence (see below) and Hennie Kuiper received the award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 17. This prize was won by Lucien Van Impe.Van km tot km From km to km https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/stm/1979-07-16/edition/null/page/11 De Stem 16 July 1979 11 nl Krantenbank Zeeland +Classification leadership by stagehttp://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19790723&id=GVA-19790723-01011010 Tour panorama nl Gazet van Antwerpen 23 July 1979 11 https://web.archive.org/web/20190214183333/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19790723&id=GVA-19790723-01011010 14 February 2019 livevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1979 Information about the Tour de France from 1979 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1979 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051022/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1979 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Stage winner General classification25px|alt=|link=General classification in the Tour de France Points classification25px|alt=|link=Points classification in the Tour de France Mountains classification25px|alt=|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France Young rider classification25px|alt=|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France Intermediate sprints classification Team classifications Combativity award By time By points P Gerrie Knetemann Gerrie Knetemann Gerrie Knetemann no award Leo van Vliet no award TIR 1979 TIR 1979 no award 1 René Bittinger Jean-René Bernaudeau Jean-René Bernaudeau Giovanni Battaglin Jean-René Bernaudeau Jean-René Bernaudeau Robert Alban 2 Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault no award 3 Bernard Hinault Mariano Martínez René Bittinger REN 1979 REN 1979 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane 4 TIR 1979 no award 5 Jan Raas Philippe Tesnière Gerrie Knetemann 6 Jos Jacobs Michel Laurent 7 Leo van Vliet Christian Poirier 8 TIR 1979 no award 9 Ludo Delcroix Joop Zoetemelk Mercier 1979 IJsboerke 1979 Bernard Hinault 10 Jo Maas IJsboerke 1979 Didier Vanoverschelde 11 Bernard Hinault no award 12 Hennie Kuiper Giovanni Battaglin 13 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane Giovanni Battaglin Giovanni Battaglin 14 Marc Demeyer Nazzareno Berto 15 Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault no award 16 Lucien Van Impe Eddy Schepers 17 Joaquim Agostinho REN 1979 Joaquim Agostinho 18 Joop Zoetemelk REN 1979 Joop Zoetemelk 19 Dietrich Thurau Willy Teirlinck 20 Serge Parsani Serge Parsani 21 Bernard Hinault Willy Teirlinck no award 22 Gerrie Knetemann Giovanni Battaglin 23 Bernard Hinault Giovanni Battaglin 24 Bernard Hinault Joop Zoetemelk Final Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault white Giovanni Battaglin yes Jean-René Bernaudeau Willy Teirlinck REN 1979 REN 1979 Joop Zoetemelk Final standings Legend 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. Denotes the winner of the young rider classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1979 – Stage 24 Le Perreux > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/2400/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402221123/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1979/2400/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. REN 1979 103h 06' 50" 2 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1979 + 13' 07"finished at +3:07 but received 10 minute penalty after the final stage had concluded 3 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1979 + 26' 53" 4 Hennie Kuiper NED Peugeot 1979 + 28' 02" 5 Jean-René Bernaudeau FRA 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. REN 1979 + 32' 43" 6 Giovanni Battaglin ITA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAR 1979 + 38' 12" 7 Jo Maas NED DAF 1979 + 38' 38" 8 Paul Wellens BEL TIR 1979 + 39' 06" 9 Claude Criquielion BEL KAS 1979 + 40' 38" 10 Dietrich Thurau FRG IJsboerke 1979 + 44' 35" Final general classification (11–89) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Lucien Van Impe BEL KAS 1979 + 47' 26" 12 Sven-Åke Nilsson SWE Mercier 1979 + 48' 16" 13 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA REN 1979 + 59' 09" 14 Johan van der Velde NED TIR 1979 + 59' 13" 15 Eddy Schepers BEL DAF 1979 + 59' 51" 16 Mariano Martínez FRA La Redoute 1979 + 1h 01' 36" 17 Yves Hézard FRA Peugeot 1979 + 1h 03' 05" 18 Henk Lubberding NED TIR 1979 + 1h 03' 09" 19 Robert Alban FRA Fiat2 1979 + 1h 06' 49" 20 Bernard Vallet FRA La Redoute 1979 + 1h 08' 25" 21 Jos Deschoenmaecker BEL Flandria 1979 + 1h 09' 32" 22 Christian Seznec FRA Mercier 1979 + 1h 09' 52" 23 Rudy Pevenage BEL IJsboerke 1979 + 1h 11' 24" 24 Raymond Martin FRA Mercier 1979 + 1h 14' 30" 25 René Martens BEL Flandria 1979 + 1h 14' 46" 26 René Bittinger FRA Flandria 1979 + 1h 19' 57" 27 Knut Knudsen NOR BIA 1979 + 1h 24' 38" 28 Francisco Galdós ESP 1977 KAS 1979 + 1h 26' 49" 29 Lucien Didier LUX REN 1979 + 1h 27' 28" 30 Gerrie Knetemann NED TIR 1979 + 1h 39' 13" 31 Hendrik Devos BEL Flandria 1979 + 1h 40' 00" 32 Alessandro Pozzi ITA BIA 1979 + 1h 42' 36" 33 Pierre Bazzo FRA La Redoute 1979 + 1h 43' 07" 34 Alain Meslet FRA Fiat2 1979 + 1h 45' 39" 35 Jean Chassang FRA REN 1979 + 1h 46' 46" 36 Ludo Peeters BEL IJsboerke 1979 + 1h 52' 30" 37 Michel Laurent FRA Peugeot 1979 + 1h 53' 25" 38 Sean Kelly IRE Splendor 1979 + 1h 54' 36" 39 Ludo Delcroix BEL IJsboerke 1979 + 1h 55' 58" 40 Jacques Michaud FRA Flandria 1979 + 1h 57' 13" 41 Didier Vanoverschelde FRA La Redoute 1979 + 1h 59' 22" 42 Bernard Becaas FRA REN 1979 + 1h 59' 26" 43 Joseph Borguet BEL KAS 1979 + 2h 00' 07" 44 Bert Pronk NED TIR 1979 + 2h 01' 06" 45 Jos Jacobs BEL IJsboerke 1979 + 2h 03' 17" 46 Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle FRA Peugeot 1979 + 2h 10' 07" 47 Maurice Le Guilloux FRA REN 1979 + 2h 10' 49" 48 Fedor Iwan den Hertog NED IJsboerke 1979 + 2h 11' 29" 49 Hubert Mathis FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 13' 38" 50 Jean-Louis Gauthier FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 15' 23" 51 Christian Levavasseur FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 15' 30" 52 Ferdinand Julien FRA Fiat2 1979 + 2h 16' 05" 53 Patrick Friou FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 16' 37" 54 Glauco Santoni ITA BIA 1979 + 2h 17' 21" 55 Alain De Carvalho FRA Fiat2 1979 + 2h 22' 32" 56 Willy Teirlinck BEL KAS 1979 + 2h 23' 20" 57 Marc Demeyer BEL Flandria 1979 + 2h 23' 49" 58 Guido Van Calster BEL DAF 1979 + 2h 24' 29" 59 André Chalmel FRA REN 1979 + 2h 27' 31" 60 Jacques Bossis FRA Peugeot 1979 + 2h 28' 58" 61 René Dillen BEL KAS 1979 + 2h 29' 45" 62 Patrick Bonnet FRA Flandria 1979 + 2h 30' 35" 63 Roger Legeay FRA Peugeot 1979 + 2h 32' 06" 64 Dorino Vanzo ITA CAR 1979 + 2h 33' 50" 65 Michel Balbuena ESP 1977 Fiat2 1979 + 2h 34' 23" 66 Serge Parsani ITA BIA 1979 + 2h 37' 45" 67 Joël Gallopin FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 42' 06" 68 Christian Jourdan FRA La Redoute 1979 + 2h 42' 41" 69 Patrice Thevenard FRA Flandria 1979 + 2h 43' 39" 70 André Mollet FRA Mercier 1979 + 2h 46' 32" 71 Pol Verschuere BEL Flandria 1979 + 2h 46' 53" 72 Jean-Marie Michel FRA La Redoute 1979 + 2h 48' 02" 73 Jean-François Pescheux FRA La Redoute 1979 + 2h 48' 12" 74 Hubert Arbès FRA REN 1979 + 2h 49' 43" 75 Stefan Mutter SUI TIR 1979 + 2h 52' 29" 76 Wim Myngheer BEL Splendor 1979 + 2h 55' 00" 77 Bruno Leali ITA CAR 1979 + 2h 56' 59" 78 Bernardo Alfonsel ESP 1977 KAS 1979 + 3h 00' 12" 79 Bernard Bourreau FRA Peugeot 1979 + 3h 02' 04" 80 Gilbert Lelay FRA Fiat2 1979 + 3h 02' 22" 81 Paul Sherwen GBR Fiat2 1979 + 3h 03' 46" 82 Maurizio Bellet ITA DAF 1979 + 3h 09' 25" 83 Andrês Oliva ESP 1977 Teka 1979 + 3h 11' 14" 84 Dominique Sanders FRA Teka 1979 + 3h 13' 58" 85 José De Cauwer BEL Peugeot 1979 + 3h 20' 28" 86 Eulalio García ESP 1977 Teka 1979 + 3h 27' 14" 87 Serge Beucherie FRA Fiat2 1979 + 3h 38' 54" 88 Alex Van Linden BEL BIA 1979 + 3h 49' 57" 89 Gerhard Schönbacher AUT DAF 1979 + 4h 19' 21" Points classification +Final points classification (1–10)http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/23/MD19790723-029.pdf Clasificaciones oficiales 23 July 1979 29 es Mundo Deportivo https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192254/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1979/07/23/MD19790723-029.pdf 6 October 2019 live Rank Rider Team Points 1 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. REN 1979 253 2 Dietrich Thurau FRG IJsboerke 1979 157 3 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1979 109 4 Marc Demeyer BEL Flandria 1979 104 5 Hennie Kuiper NED Peugeot 1979 79 6 Lucien Van Impe BEL KAS 1979 67 7 Sean Kelly IRE Splendor 1979 66 8 Guido Van Calster BEL DAF 1979 65 9 Giovanni Battaglin ITA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAR 1979 64 10 Rudy Pevenage BEL IJsboerke 1979 61 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Giovanni Battaglin ITA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. CAR 1979 239 2 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. REN 1979 196 3 Mariano Martínez FRA La Redoute 1979 158 4 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1979 141 5 Lucien Van Impe BEL KAS 1979 118 6 Hennie Kuiper NED Peugeot 1979 108 7 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1979 96 8 Jean-René Bernaudeau FRA 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. REN 1979 67 9 Sven-Åke Nilsson SWE Mercier 1979 67 10 René Bittinger FRA Flandria 1979 49 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–10)http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=LC-19790723-13006&vw=org Tour-eindstanden 23 July 1979 27 November 2011 nl De krant van toen Leeuwarder Courant 13van den Akker Pieter Stand in het jongerenklassement – Etappe 24 Standings in the youth classification – Stage 24 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1979 https://web.archive.org/web/20190424231836/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1979 24 April 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 24 April 2019 live Rank Rider Team Time 1 Jean-René Bernaudeau FRA 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. REN 1979 103h 39' 33" 2 Claude Criquielion BEL KAS 1979 + 7' 55" 3 Johan van der Velde NED TIR 1979 + 26' 30" 4 Eddy Schepers BEL DAF 1979 + 27' 08" 5 René Martens BEL Flandria 1979 + 42' 03" 6 Hendrik Devos BEL Flandria 1979 + 1h 07' 17" 7 Sean Kelly IRE Splendor 1979 + 1h 21' 53" 8 Bernard Becaas FRA REN 1979 + 1h 26' 43" 9 Jean-Louis Gauthier FRA Mercier 1979 +1h 42' 40" 10 Christian Levavasseur FRA Mercier 1979 + 1h 42' 47" Intermediate sprints classification +Final intermediate sprints classification (1–9)van den Akker Pieter Sprintdoorkomsten in de Tour de France 1979 Sprint results in the Tour de France 1979 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/sprintdoorkomsten.php?jaar=1979 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 25 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190425170012/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/sprintdoorkomsten.php?jaar=1979 25 April 2019 live Rank Rider Team Points 1 Willy Teirlinck BEL KAS 1979 93 2 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA REN 1979 82 3 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. REN 1979 53 4 Dietrich Thurau FRG IJsboerke 1979 31 5 Hennie Kuiper NED Peugeot 1979 30 6 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1979 29 7 Pol Verschuere BEL Flandria 1979 16 8 Lucien Van Impe BEL KAS 1979 21 9 Christian Seznec FRA Mercier 1979 19 Team classification +Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time1REN 1979 414h 45' 46"2Flandria 1979 + 10' 29"3TIR 1979 + 15' 22"4Mercier 1979 + 23' 12"5IJsboerke 1979 + 40' 50"6KAS 1979 + 1h 18' 51"7Peugeot 1979 + 2h 20' 07"8La Redoute 1979 + 2h 29' 24"9Fiat2 1979 + 3h 31' 12"10DAF 1979 + 3h 39' 46" Team points classification +Final team points classification (1–10)Martin Penazzo 1979 124 Rank Team Time1REN 1979 10082IJsboerke 1979 10573TIR 1979 11654Mercier 1979 13535Flandria 1979 14076La Redoute 1979 15587Peugeot 1979 16028KAS 1979 17679DAF 1979 205010Fiat2 1979 2064 Aftermath The Tour organisation did not like the attention that the last-placed riders received, and for the next year made a new rule that after several stages the last-placed cyclist in the general classification would be removed from the race.http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19791010-AE0035009&vw=org Ander gevecht om laatste plaats 10 October 1979 35 De Krant van Toen Nieuwsblad van het Noorden nl 17 September 2011 References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live de Mondenard Jean-Pierre https://books.google.com/books?id=RjAInSNJkbYC Dictionnaire du dopage 2004 fr Paris Elsevier Masson 978-2-294-00714-9 Martin Pierre Penazzo Sergio Tour 79: The Stories of the 1979 Tour of Italy and Tour de France Kennedy Brothers Publishing Keighley, UK 1979 67664372 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2008 978-1-59858-608-4 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2 van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-79398-080-9 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 166–167 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1979 Tour de France P 12 13 24 Category:1979 in road cycling Category:1979 in French sport 1979 Category:June 1979 sports events in Europe Category:July 1979 sports events in Europe Category:1979 Super Prestige Pernod